Te Mārama ki ngā Wāhanga o te Pūnaha EFI
Pendahuluan
He pūnaha nui te Werohanga Wahie Hiko (EFI) i roto i ngā waka hou, e tika ana mō te werohanga wahie ki roto i te rūma mura o te miihini. I whakamahia tuatahitia tēnei pūnaha i roto i ngā waka papai, ā, kua noho hei paerewa mō te nuinga o ngā waka. Ko te painga matua o te pūnaha EFI i runga i te pūnaha carburetor tuku iho ko tōna kaha ki te whakahaere tika i te ranunga wahie-hau, ā, ka piki ake te pai o te wahie me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou ngā wāhanga rerekē e uru ana ki te pūnaha EFI me ā rātou mahi. He mea nui te māramatanga pai ki tēnei pūnaha mō ngā tohunga hangarau me ngā kaipupuri waka kia pai ake ai te mahi tiaki me te tautuhi i ngā raruraru.
Ngā Wāhanga Matua o te Pūnaha EFI
1. ECU (Wāhanga Whakahaere Mīhini)
– Mahi: Ko te ECU te "roro" o te pūnaha EFI. Ka whakahaere tēnei taputapu i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te werohanga wahie me te mura i runga i ngā whakaurunga pūoko rerekē. Ka whakamahia e te ECU ngā momo rauropi me ngā mahere hei whakatau i te nui o te wahie i werohangahia me te wā mura tino pai.
– Te mahi: Ka whiwhi te ECU i ngā tohu mai i ngā momo pūoko, pērā i te pūoko hāora, te pūoko pāmahana miihini, me te pūoko pēhanga hau. I runga i ēnei tohu, ka tatau te ECU i te ranunga wahie-hau pai rawa atu me te wā mura.
2. Ngā Werohanga
– Mahi: Ko te werohanga he wāhanga e rehu ana i te wahie ki roto i te rūma mura, i te paipa whakauru hau rānei.
– Te mahi: Ka tere te whakatuwhera me te kati o ngā werohanga, ā, ko te ECU te kaiwhakahaere matua. Mā tēnei ka taea te rehu i te wahie hei kohu pai, kia pai ake ai te tahunga me te tino pai.
3. Papu Wahie
– Mahi: Ko te mahi a te papu wahie he pupuhi wahie mai i te tāke ki te reri wahie me ngā werohanga i te pēhanga teitei.
– Te āhua o tana mahi: Ka mahi te papu wahie mā te hiko, ā, kei roto i te tāke wahie te nuinga o te wā e tāutahia ana. Mā te ECU e whakahaere tana mahi, ā, ka whakarite kia tukuna e te papu te pēhanga tika kia pai ai te rehu o te wahie e ngā werohanga.
4. Kaiwhakahaere Pēhanga Wahie
– Mahi: Ka pupuri te kaiwhakahaere pēhanga wahie i te pēhanga wahie i roto i te pūnaha weronga kia pumau.
– Te mahi: Ko te tikanga, ka honoa tēnei kaiwhakahaere pēhanga ki te ara wahie, ā, ko tana mahi he ringihia te wahie taikaha ki roto i te tāke ina tae te pēhanga wahie ki tētahi rohe kua whakaritea.
5. Pūoko Rere Hau Papatipu (MAF)
– Mahi: Ka ine te pūoko MAF i te nui me te mātotoru o te hau e tomo ana ki te miihini.
– Te mahi: Kei waenganui i te tātari hau me te tinana whakatere tēnei pūoko. Ka whakamahia ngā raraunga mai i te MAF e te ECU hei whakatau i te nui tika o te wahie hei werohanga e ngā injector.
6. Pūoko Hāora (Pūoko O2)
– Mahi: Ka ine te pūoko O2 i te nui o te hāora i roto i te hau putanga.
– Te mahi: Ka tukuna e tēnei pūoko ngā raraunga ki te ECU mō te pai o te mura o te mīhini. I runga i ēnei raraunga, ka taea e te ECU te whakarerekē i te ranunga wahie-hau kia tino pai ai te mura.
7. Pūoko Tūnga Ārai (TPS)
– Mahi: Ka ine a TPS i te tūranga o te takirere whakatere.
– Te mahi: Mā te TPS e whakarato ngā mōhiohio ki te ECU mō te tawhiti e tuwhera ai te pūwero, kia taea ai e te ECU te whakarerekē i te nui o te wahie e tika ana kia werohia.
8. Pūoko Pāmahana Whakamatao
– Mahi: Ka ine tēnei pūoko i te pāmahana o te wai whakamatao o te mīhini.
– Te mahi: Ka whakamahia ngā raraunga mai i tēnei pūoko e te ECU hei whakarerekē i te wā mura me te ranunga wahie, inā koa i te wā e whakamahana ana te miihini.
9. Pūoko Pāmahana Whakauru Hau (AIT)
– Mahi: Ka ine te AIT i te pāmahana o te hau e tomo ana ki te mīhini.
– Te mahi: Ka āwhina tēnei pūoko i te ECU ki te whakarite i te ranunga wahie i runga i te pāmahana o te hau, nā te mea ka pā te hau wera ake, te hau makariri ake rānei ki te kiato o te hau me ngā whakaritenga wahie.
10. Pūoko Pēhanga Tino Maha (MAP)
– Mahi: Ka ine te pūoko MAP i te pēhanga hau, i te korehau rānei i roto i te pūwero whakauru.
– Te mahi: Ka whakamahia ngā raraunga mai i te pūoko MAP e te ECU hei whakatau i te kawenga o te miihini, ā, ka pā tēnei ki te nui o te wahie i werohia.
11. Pūoko Patupatu
– Mahi: Ka kitea e tēnei pūoko ngā patuki e puta ana i roto i te mīhini.
Te Mahi: Ka pā te patototanga o te mīhini nā te tahunga hē. Ka tohu te pūoko patototanga ki te ECU kia whakarerekē i te wā mura hei ārai i ngā kino atu o te mīhini.
12. Takirere Whakahaere Hau Noho (IAC)
– Mahi: Ka whakahaerehia e te IAC te nui o te hau e rere ana ki roto i te miihini ina kati te takirere whakatere.
– Te mahi: Ka āwhina tēnei takirere ki te pupuri i te tere o te miihini kia pumau mā te whakahaere i te rere o te hau.
13. Ngā Pūoko Tūnga o te Porowhita me te Porowhita Kāmera
– Mahi: Ka ine ēnei pūoko i te tūranga me te tere hurihuri o te porowhita me te porowhita kame.
– Te mahi: Ka whakamahia ngā raraunga mai i tēnei pūoko e te ECU hei whakatau i te wā tika mō te mura me te werohanga wahie.
Te Kaupapa Mahi o te Pūnaha EFI
Ko te mahi a te pūnaha EFI mā te rehu i te nui o te wahie i inehia, i whakahaeretia hoki ki roto i ngā rango miihini hei kohu angiangi. Ko te ECU te kaiwhakahaere o tēnei tukanga, e whiwhi ana i ngā urunga mai i ngā pūoko rerekē:
1. Tīmatanga: Ina hurihia te kī mura ki te tūranga ON, ka tīmata te papu wahie ki te pupuhi wahie mai i te tāke ki ngā werohanga. Ka tukuna e te pūoko tūranga whakatere, te pūoko pāmahana whakamatao, me te pūoko tūranga porowhita ngā raraunga tuatahi ki te ECU.
2. Werohanga Wahie: Ka tatau te ECU i te nui o te wahie hei werohanga, ā, ka tohu ki ngā werohanga kia tuwhera i te wā tika. Ka rehuhia te wahie hei kohu angiangi ki roto i te rūma mura, ki te pū whakauru hau rānei.
3. Te Tahunga me te Whakakā: Ka whakaranua te hāora e tomo mai ana ki te wahie, kātahi ka whakatikatikahia e te ECU te wā whakakā kia puta ai te mura i te wā tino pai, ka hua ake he tahunga whai hua.
4. Urupare a te Pūoko: Ka tukuna e ngā pūoko pēnei i te pūoko hāora me te pūoko patuki he urupare ki te ECU mō te pai o te mura me te āhua o te miihini. I runga i ēnei raraunga, ka mahia e te ECU ētahi atu whakatikatika.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mārama ki ngā wāhanga me te mahi o tētahi pūnaha EFI hei whakarite i te pai o te mahi a te waka me te whai huatanga o te wahie. Mā te māramatanga hōhonu ki ngā pūoko, ngā werohanga, me ētahi atu wāhanga, ka taea e ngā tohunga hangarau me ngā kaipupuri waka te mahi i ngā tātaritanga me ngā mahi tiaki whai hua ake. Kua whakarārangihia e te EFI te ara mō te whanaketanga o tētahi hangarau waka e pai ake ana ki te taiao, ā, he pai ake hoki, nō reira he haumitanga nui te māramatanga hōhonu ki tēnei pūnaha mō te hunga katoa e uru ana ki te hangarau motuka.
