Te Mahi me te Tūranga o te Kaitahuri Whakakorikori
He taputapu whakahaere tukunga hau te kaitahuri whakatere e whakamahia ana i roto i te nuinga o ngā waka hou. Ko tana mahi matua he whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kino mā te huri i aua tukunga hei matū iti ake te kino i mua i te tukunga ki te taiao. He mea nui tēnei auahatanga hangarau hei whakaiti i te parahanga o te hau me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te hau o te ao.
He Hītori Poto o ngā Kaitahuri Whakakorikori
I tīmata te hītori o te kaitahuri catalytic i te mutunga o te tekau tau atu i 1970 i te wā i tīmata ai te whakatinanatanga o ngā ture tukunga hau kaha ake mō ngā waka i roto i ngā whenua maha, inā koa i te United States mā te Ture Hau Ma. I taua wā, i rapu huarahi te umanga motuka ki te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa hou. Ko Eugene Houdry, he miihini matū Wīwī, e mōhiotia ana ko ia te kaihanga o te kaitahuri catalytic. I whakawhanakehia tuatahitia e Houdry tēnei hangarau hei whakamahi i roto i ngā miihini tīhiera, ā, i muri mai ka whakamahia ki ngā waka penehīni.
Mahi Whakawhiti Whakakorikori
Te Whakaiti i ngā Tukunga Hau Kino
Ko te mahi matua a te kaitahuri whakatere he whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kino pērā i te hauota waro (CO), ngā hauwaiwai (HC), me ngā waikura hauota (NOx). Anei te mahi a te kaitahuri whakatere hei whakaiti i ia momo tukunga:
1. Te Hauhā Waro (CO): He hau paitini tēnei e puta mai ana i te tahunga koretake o te wahie. Ka hurihia e te kaitahuri whakatere te hauhā waro ki te hauhā waro iti ake te kino (CO2) mā te tauhohenga waikura.
2. Ngā hauwaiwaro (HC): I hangaia mai i te wahie kāore anō kia tahuna. Ka whakakōkīhia ngā hauwaiwaro e te kaitahuri whakakorikori hei hauhā waro (CO2) me te wai (H2O).
3. Ngā Waikura Hauota (NOx): He wāhanga tēnei o te paowa, ā, ka pāngia pea e ngā raruraru manawa kino. Ka whakaitihia e te kaitahuri whakatere ngā waikura hauota ki te hauota (N2) me te hāora (O2) mā te tauhohenga whakaiti.
Te Whakapai Ake i te Whai Hua o te Wahie
Ka taea hoki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te wahie mā te whakamahi i te kaitahuri catalytic. Mā te arotau i te tukanga tahunga i roto i te miihini, ka āwhina te kaitahuri catalytic kia tahuna katoatia te wahie, ka whakaiti i te maumauria o te pūngao me ngā tukunga.
Ngā Momo o ngā Kaitahuri Whakakorikori
Kaitahuri Whakakorikori Ara-Rua
Ko te kaitahuri whakatere rua-ara he momo kaitahuri whakatere i whakamahia whānuitia i te tīmatanga. Ka taea e tēnei momo te whakahaere i ngā hau kino e rua: te hauota waro me ngā hauwaiwai. Heoi, kāore e whai hua ki te whakaiti i ngā waikura hauota.
Kaitahuri Whakakorikori Ara-Toru
He momo matatau ake ngā kaitahuri whakateretoru-ara, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā waka hou. Haunga te whakakōkī i te hauota waro me ngā hauwaiwaro, ka taea hoki e tēnei momo te whakaiti i ngā waikura hauota. Mā te whakaiti i ēnei momo hau kino e toru, he kōwhiringa whai hua ake ngā kaitahuri whakateretoru-ara mō te whakaiti i te parahanga o te hau.
Whakakotahitanga Haora Diesel (DOC)
Mō ngā miihini tīhiera, ko te kaitahuri whakakorikori e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC). Ka mahi tēnei taputapu mā te whakakorikori i te hauota waro me ngā hauwaiwai i hangaia e te miihini tīhiera. Heoi, hei whakaiti i ngā waikura hauota, me whakamahi ngā miihini tīhiera i ētahi atu hangarau pērā i te Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) me ngā Tātari Matūriki Tīhiera (DPF).
Ngā Wāhanga Hira o te Kaitahuri Whakakorikori
Monolith me te Papatūānuku
He hanganga uku pūwero te monolith e mahi ana hei papa i roto i te kaitahuri catalytic. Ka whakanuia te horahanga mata o te monolith hei whakanui ake i te horahanga whakapā i waenga i te hau putanga me te catalyst.
Kaiwhakaoho
Ko ngā matū whakakorikori he mea hanga i ngā konganuku utu nui pērā i te konupūmā, te palladium, me te rhodium. Ka taea e ēnei konganuku te whakatere i ngā tauhohenga matū me te kore e tauhohe. Ko te konupūmā me te palladium te mea e whakamahia ana mō ngā tauhohenga waikura, ko te rhodium ia e whakamahia ana mō ngā tauhohenga whakaiti.
Paparanga Koti Horoi
He paparanga te paninga horoi e pani ana i te papa, ā, hei reo hoki mō te tohatoha ōrite i te whakakorikori. Ko ngā paninga horoi he mea hanga ki te waikura konumohe, ki te silica rānei, ā, ka whakanui ake i te pai o te kaitahuri whakakorikori.
Te Tūranga o ngā Kaitahuri Whakakorikori i roto i te Taiao
Te Whakaiti i te Parahanga o te Hau
Ko tētahi o ngā mahi matua a te kaitahuri whakatere ko te whakaiti i te parahanga o te hau. Kei roto i ngā hau putanga mai i ngā waka he maha ngā matū kino ka pā kino ki te taiao me te hauora o te tangata. Mā te huri i ēnei hau kino ki ngā hau kino iti ake te kino, ka āwhina ngā kaitahuri whakatere ki te whakaiti i te pānga kino o ngā waka ki te kounga o te hau.
Te Takoha ki te Hauora Tūmatanui
Ko te nuinga o te parahanga o te hau i roto i ngā tāone nui e ahu mai ana i ngā tukunga hau o ngā waka. Ka taea e ngā matūriki kino pēnei i ngā waikura hauota me ngā hauwaiwai te whakaputa i ngā mate manawa me ngā mate pūnaha toto. Mā te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau o ēnei matū, he mea nui te mahi a ngā kaitahuri hiko ki te whakapai ake i te hauora o te marea.
Pānga ki te Huringa Āhuarangi
Ahakoa kāore ngā kaitahuri whakatere e whakaiti tika i ngā tukunga hauhā waro, he hau kati kōtuhi nui, ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te wahie. Nō reira, ka āwhina ā-kore i te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro, he mea nui ki te huringa āhuarangi.
Ngā Wero me ngā Raru i Pā Mai
Te utu nui
Ko tētahi o ngā wero matua o te whakamahi i ngā kaitahuri catalytic ko te utu nui e pā ana ki ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana, inā koa ko ngā konganuku utu nui pēnei i te platinum, te palladium, me te rhodium. He tino rerekē ngā utu o ēnei konganuku, ā, ka tino nui te utu, ā, ka piki ake ngā utu hanga waka.
Ngā Ārai me te Tiaki
Ka āraia pea ngā pūtahuri whakakorikori e ngā putunga waro, e ngā wahie rānei kāore i tahuna katoatia. Ka taea e tēnei ārai te whakaiti i te pai o te pūtahuri me te whakararu i te mahi a te mīhini. Nō reira, he mea nui te tiaki auau kia tika ai te mahi a tēnei taputapu.
Tahae
Nā ngā wāhanga konganuku utu nui o ngā kaitahuri catalytic ka waiho hei pūtake mō te tahae. He maha ngā pūrongo kua puta mō te tahaetia o ngā kaitahuri catalytic mai i ngā waka, kātahi ka hokona ki te mākete pango.
Auahatanga me te Whakawhanaketanga ā-Mārama
I te mea kei te kaha haere ngā ture tukunga hau, kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau me ngā mahi auaha i roto i te ao o ngā kaitahuri whakatere. Ko ngā whanaketanga hou ko te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi whakatere rerekē he iti ake te utu me te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau ranu whai hua ake. Kei te haere tonu hoki ngā rangahau hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau mai i ngā miihini tīhiera, inā koa e pā ana ki te whakamahinga o ngā DPF me ngā SCR.
Whakamutunga
He wāhanga nui ngā kaitahuri whakatere i roto i ngā pūnaha tukunga hau o ngā waka hou. He mea nui tā rātou mahi ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kino pēnei i te hauota waro, te hauhā, me ngā waikura hauota ki ngā mahi a te ao ki te whakaiti i te parahanga o te hau me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te hau. Ahakoa ngā wero pēnei i te utu nui me ngā take ārai, kei te haere tonu te auahatanga me te whanaketanga o te hangarau kaitahuri whakatere, e kawe mai ana i te tumanako mō tētahi heke mai ma, hauora hoki.
