Te Mahi a ngā Pūnaha Pēki Whakaora
Nā te whanaketanga o ngā waka hiko me ngā waka ranu kua rongo te tini o te tangata i te kupu "regenerative braking". E kiia ana tēnei hangarau ko tētahi o ngā take he pai ake te whai hua o ngā waka hiko i ngā waka wahie pūmua. Engari he aha rawa te mea ka tupu ina "pēki" te waka, ka "whakautu" i te wā kotahi? E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga te mahi a ngā pūnaha pēki whakaora, ngā wāhanga e whai wāhi ana, me ō rātou painga me ngā herenga i roto i te whakamahinga o ia rā.
He aha te aukati whakaora?
Ko te aukati whakaora he pūnaha aukati e whakamahi ana i te pūngao nekeneke o te waka i a ia e whakaheke ana i te tere hei huri hei pūngao hiko, ka rongoatia ki roto i te pākahiko. I roto i te aukati tikanga (pēra kōpae, pēra pahu rānei), ka hurihia te nuinga o tēnei pūngao nekeneke nui hei wera nā te waku i waenga i ngā papa aukati me te kōpae, te pahu rānei. Ka tukuna tēnei wera ki te rangi, ā, kāore e whakamahia.
He rerekē, ko te aukati whakaora e ngana ana ki te "hopu anō" i ētahi o te kaha e maumauria ana. Koia i kiia ai he whakaora - ko te kaha e tukuna ana i te wā whakaterenga ka "whakahokia anō" i te wā whakahekenga.
Ko te mātāpono ahupūngao kei muri: ka huri te motuka hei whakaputa hiko
Ko te kaupapa matua o te aukati whakaora ko te mātāpono ka taea e te motuka hiko te mahi i ngā taha e rua:
1. Hei mōta (aratau taraiwa): ka hurihia te pūngao hiko mai i te pākahiko hei pūngao miihini hei huri i ngā wira.
2. Hei whakaputa hiko (aratau aukati): ka hurihia te pūngao miihini mai i ngā wira hei pūngao hiko anō.
Ina tukuna e te taraiwa te pētera whakatere, ina pēhia rānei te pētera parai, ka hurihia e te pūnaha whakahaere o te waka te motuka hiko hei whakaputa hiko. Ka mahia tēnei mā te whakahaere i te au me te papa aukume i roto i te motuka mā te inverter me te kaiwhakahaere motuka. Ina "akihia" te motuka kia huri e ngā wira, ka puta te hiko. I te wā kotahi, ka hangaia e tēnei whakaputanga hiko he taipana i te taha ke o te hurihanga—ko te mea e rangona ana i te wā e parai ana.
I ngā kupu māmā noa iho: ka hurihia te motuka e ngā wira, ka whakaputa hiko te motuka, ā, ka whakaroa te ātete hikohiko i te waka.
Ngā wāhanga matua o tētahi pūnaha aukati whakaora
Kia mahi tahi ai tēnei pūnaha, e maha ngā wāhanga e whakamahia ana:
1. Mōta hiko (mōta kukume)
Ko te mōta taraiwa te kaitaraiwa matua. I roto i ngā waka hiko o ēnei rā, ko ngā momo mōta noa ko ngā mōta tukutahi aukume tuturu (PMSM) me ngā mōta whakapūngao. Ka taea e ēnei e rua te mahi hei whakaputa hiko i te wā e whakaroa ana.
2. Kaiwhakahaere Inverter me te motuka
Ka whakahaere te inverter i te rere o te au hurihuri (AC) ki te motuka, ā, ka hurihia kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga taipana me te tere. I te wā e aukati ana i te pūnaha hau, ka tukuna e te inverter te pūngao mai i te motuka (e mahi ana inaianei hei whakaputa hiko) ki te pūnaha utu pākahiko.
3. Pūhiko (tetahi atu pūngao rānei)
Me rongoa te pūngao hiko kua whakahoutia. Ko te tikanga ka rongoatia tēnei i roto i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion. I ētahi whakamahinga (pērā i ngā pahi, i ētahi waka tere rānei), ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā supercapacitors hei whakahaere i ngā iahiko utu nui i roto i te wā poto.
4. Pūnaha whakahaere pākahiko (BMS)
Mā te BMS ka haumaru te utu: ka aroturukihia te ngaohiko, te iahiko, me te pāmahana o te pākahiko. Ka taea te whakawhāiti i te whakahoutanga mēnā kua kī rawa te pākahiko, kua makariri rawa, kua wera rawa, kua teitei rawa rānei te iahiko utu.
5. Pūnaha parai waku
Ahakoa he āwhina te aukati whakaora i te waka ki te whakaroa i te waka, e hiahiatia tonutia ana ngā aukati tikanga mō ētahi āhuatanga: te aukati ohorere, ngā tere tino iti, te wā rānei kāore e taea te utu i te pākahiko. Koinei te take i puta ai te ariā o te aukati whakakotahi: he huinga o te aukati whakaora me te aukati waku, ka whakarerekētia aunoa kia mau tonu te āhua tūturu o te pētera me te tawhiti tū haumaru.
He pēhea te mahi a te tukanga ina pēhi te taraiwa i te pēra?
Hei whakangawari ake, whakaarohia he āhuatanga noa e peia ana tētahi motuka, kātahi ka whakatata atu ki te rama whero.
1. Ka tukuna e te taraiwa te pētera whakatere.
I roto i te nuinga o ngā EV, he nui tēnei hei whakaoho i te whakahoutanga ngawari. Te āhua nei ka āta haere te waka me te kore e pā ki te pēra pēra, inā koa i roto i te aratau "taraiwa kotahi-pera".
2. Ka tatau te pūnaha whakahaere i ngā whakaritenga whakaroa.
Ka pānuihia e te ECU (rorohiko waka) ngā raraunga whakauru o te pētera, te tere, te āhua o te pākahiko, te kukume o ngā potae, me ngā raraunga pumau o te waka.
3. Ka huri te motuka ki te aratau whakaputa hiko.
Ka puta he taipana kino. Ka nui ake te whakahoutanga, ka kaha ake te pānga whakaroa.
4. Ka tukuna te pūngao hiko ki te pākahiko.
Ka tukuna e te inverter te iahiko kua whakaputaina ki te pākahiko, i roto i ngā rohe haumaru kua whakatauhia e te BMS.
5. Ki te kore e ranea te whakaora anō, ka āwhina ngā pērai waku.
Mena me kaha ake te aukati a te taraiwa—kāore rānei e taea te utu nā te āhua o te pākahiko—ka riro i ngā aukati kōpae/pahu te whakahaere i tētahi wāhanga, i te katoa rānei o te aukati.
I roto i te mahi, kāore e hiahiatia ana e te taraiwa te whakaaro ki tēnei tukanga nā te mea he aunoa katoa. Ko te hua anake e kitea ana ko te waka whai hua ake, ā, i ētahi tauira, he rerekē te ahua o te pēra pēra nā te whakakotahitanga o ngā pūnaha e rua.
He aha te kore ai e kaha tonu te whakaora, e kore rānei e hohe tonu?
He tokomaha te hunga e pātai ana: "Ki te taea te utu i te wā e pēhi ana i te pere, he aha e kore ai e whakapau kaha tonu?" He maha ngā herenga e kitea ana:
1. Pūhiko kī tonu (SOC teitei)
Ina tata te pākahiko ki te 100%, he iti noa te wāhi mō te pūngao tāpiri. Ka whakaitihia, ka whakakorea rānei e te BMS te whakahoutanga hei ārai i te pākahiko mai i te utu nui rawa.
2. He iti rawa, he teitei rawa rānei te pāmahana o te pākahiko
He rohe pāmahana mahi ā ngā pākahiko lithium-ion. Ina tino makariri, ka heke te kaha ki te whakahaere i te iahiko utu. Ina tino wera, ka tere ake te pirau o ngā pākahiko utu kaha. Nō reira, ka iti te whakahoutanga.
3. Tere iti
I ngā tere tino iti (hei tauira, tata ki te mutu), ka ngoikore te whakahoutanga nā te mea ka heke te kaha o te motuka ki te whakaputa i te taipana me te mana aukati i ngā huringa iti. I tēnei wā, he pai ake te whai hua o ngā aukati waku mō te aukati katoa.
4. Te kukume me te pumau
Ki te pahekeheke te rori, ka taea e te whakahoutanga nui te whakaiti i te kaha o ngā wira ki te kume, inā koa i ngā wira taraiwa. Mā te mana kume me te ABS ka whakaiti i te taipana whakahou hei pupuri i te pumau.
5. Tono aukati ohorere
I roto i te aukati ohorere, ka whakamahia e te pūnaha ngā mea katoa: te whakahou i te tere i ngā wā katoa e taea ana, engari ko ngā aukati waku tonu te wāhanga matua hei whakarite i te whakahekenga tere mōrahi me te pumau.
E hia te kaha ka taea te "whakahoki"?
Kāore e taea e te aukati whakaora te whakahoki mai i te 100% o te kaha nā te ngaronga o te mōtini, te inverter, ngā taura, me te utunga pākahiko. Heoi, i roto i te whakamahinga o te tāone me te taraiwa tū-ā-haere pinepine, ka pā nui te whakaora ki te whai huatanga.
I roto i ngā waka hiko, he tino whai hua te whakahoutanga ina:
– he maha ngā wā ka tū i ngā rama whero,
– i te ara e heke ana,
– te taraiwa i roto i ngā waka e tūpono ana.
I taua wā anō, i runga i ngā rori utu me ngā tere pumau, he iti ake te tūponotanga ka whakahoutia nā te mea he onge te aukati.
Ngā painga o te aukati whakaora
1. Te whai huatanga o te pūngao teitei ake
Ka taea te whakamahi anō i ētahi o te pūngao e ngaro ana hei wera, kia nui ake ai te whānuitanga.
2. Whakaitihia te pakaru o te pērai
Nā te iti o te whakamahinga o ngā pēraki waku, ka roa ake te ora o ngā papa pēraki me ngā kōpae.
3. He pai ake te whakahaere i ngā hekenga
I ngā rori e heke ana i te maunga, ka āwhina te whakahoutanga ki te pupuri i te tere me te kore e pēhi tonu i ngā parai, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te memeha o te parai.
4. Tautoko ana i te wheako eke waewae kotahi
I ētahi EV, ka taea e ngā taraiwa te whakahaere i te whakaterenga me te whakahekenga mā te kotahi pētara anake, he mea whai hua ake tēnei i ngā wā e kikī ana te waka.
Ngā herenga me ngā wero
Ahakoa he matatau, ehara te whakahoutanga i te whakakapinga katoa mō ngā pērai tikanga. Ka whakawhirinaki tēnei pūnaha ki te āhua o te pākahiko, te kukume, me te hiahia pērai. Hei tāpiri, me tino tika te hoahoa pērai whakakotahi kia kore ai e puta he āhua "rerekē", he āhua koretake rānei o te pērai i te whakawhiti i waenga i te pērai whakaora me te pērai waku.
Mō ētahi waka, me mōhio hoki ngā kaipupuri he waikura pea ngā kōpae i ngā pēra waku kāore i te whakamahia pinepine (ina koa i ngā wāhi makuku). Nō reira, he maha ngā kaihanga e taunaki ana kia pēra waku māmā i ētahi wā hei "horoi" i ngā mata o ngā pēra.
Te Katinga
Ka mahi ngā pūnaha aukati whakaora mā te huri i te mōtini hiko hei whakaputa hiko ina heke te tere o te waka, ka huri i te pūngao nekeneke e ngaro ana hei wera hei hiko, ka rongoa anō ki roto i te pākahiko. Ka whakapai ake tēnei hangarau i te whai huatanga, ka whakaiti i te pakaru o te aukati, ā, ka whakarato i te wheako taraiwa maeneene ake—ina koa i roto i ngā taiao tāone nui. Heoi, he iti noa ngā herenga o te whakahoutanga e pāngia ana e te āhua o te pākahiko, te pāmahana, te tere, me te kukū o te rori, nō reira me mahi tonu me ngā aukati tikanga mō te haumaru.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga mō tētahi horopaki motuhake—hei tauira, mō tētahi mahi kura, mō tētahi blog motuka, mō ngā rauemi whakaaturanga rānei—me te tāpiri i ngā whakaahua rerengamahi, ngā tauira rānei o ngā tataunga whai huatanga whakaora.
