He Kupu Whakataki ki ngā Kapua hei Tohu Huarere
He tikanga nui te mātakitaki i ngā kapua mō te mārama ki te rangi mai anō i ngā wā onamata. Mā te mātakitaki i te hanganga o ngā kapua, te momo, me te whanonga, kua taea e te tangata te matapae i ngā huringa o te rangi, ka pā nui ki te oranga o ia rā, te ahuwhenua, te rererangi, me te maha atu o ngā rāngai. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te hanganga o ngā kapua, ngā momo kapua rerekē, me pēhea hoki tā tātou whakamahi i ēnei hei tohu rangi.
Te Hanganga Kapua
Ka puta ngā kapua ina mātao te hau e kī ana i te mamaoa wai, ā, ka tae ki tōna taumata mātotoru, ka whakapūpū te mamaoa wai hei pata wai ririki, hei hukapapa rānei, i runga i te pāmahana. Ko te tikanga o tēnei tukanga e whai ake nei:
1. Te Whakamahana o te Mata: Ka whakamahana te rā i te mata o te Ao, ka mimiti te wai o ngā moana, ngā awa, me ngā roto. Waihoki, ka piki ake te hau mahana ki te āhuarangi nā te whenua wera.
2. Te Whakamatao i te Hau: Ina piki te hau mahana, ka pāngia e te pēhanga iti iho i ngā teitei teitei, ka whānui, ka whakamatao hoki te hau.
3. Te Whakatōtōtanga: Ina mātao te hau ki tōna taumata mātotoru, ka tīmata te mamaoa wai i te hau ki te whakatōtō hei pata wai, hei tioata huka rānei i te taha o ngā matūriki iti pēnei i te puehu, te tote rānei. Ka hua ake tēnei i te hanganga o ngā kapua.
Ngā momo kapua
E whakaahua ana te Kaunihera Kapua o te Ao i ngā kapua i roto i ngā momo me ngā momo āhua, e whakarōpūhia ana e ō rātou āhua me te teitei. Anei ētahi o ngā momo kapua nui e kitea whānuitia ana:
1. Te Āwhiowhio (Ci)
Ko ngā kapua kōwhai he kapua angiangi, he ngohengohe, ā, he maha ngā wā kei te teitei neke atu i te 6.000 mita. Ka hangaia ēnei kapua mai i ngā tioata hukapapa, ā, he maha ngā wā ka āhua angiangi, ka roa hoki. Ko te putanga mai o te kōwhai he tohu i te rangi pai, engari he tohu wawe anō hoki tēnei mō te taenga mai o tētahi pūnaha pēhanga iti e kawe mai ana i te rangi kino i roto i ētahi rā.
2. Te Puna Wai (Cu)
He mā ngā kapua cumulus, he puranga nui, he pouri ake te turanga, he rite tonu ki ngā pōro miro nunui. Kei ngā teitei neke atu i te 2.000 mita, ko ngā kapua cumulus te tohu o te rangi pai, engari ki te whanake poutū, ka taea e rātou te huri hei kapua cumulonimbus nui ake, ka puta he awha.
3. Stratus (St)
He iti, he poutū, he whakapae ngā kapua stratus, e taupokina ana te rangi me te mea he paraikete hina. Ka puta ēnei i ngā teitei i raro i te 2.000 mita, ā, he maha ngā wā ka puta he rangi pōuriuri, ka puta pea he ua, he ua rānei.
4. Nimbostratus (Ns)
He kapua matotoru, whānui hoki ngā kapua Nimbostratus e puta ai te ua tonu. I te nuinga o te wā ka puta i ngā teitei i waenga i te 2.000 me te 4.000 mita. Ka taupokina e ēnei kapua te rangi katoa, ā, e tohu ana ka roa pea te ua.
5. Te Āraimupa (Cb)
He kapua nui, he kapua teitei ngā kapua cumulonimbus, he papatahi hoki ō rātou tihi. Ka eke ki te teitei tae atu ki te 12.000 mita, ā, he maha ngā wā ka haere tahi mai me ngā whatitiri, te ua nui, tae atu ki ngā awhiowhio.
6. Te Āwhata-ā-rangi (Ac)
He iti, he porowhita, he pūhui rānei ngā kapua Altocumulus e huihui ana i ngā teitei i waenga i te 2.000 me te 6.000 mita. He maha ngā wā ka āhua kōpikopiko, ka whai tauira rānei, ā, ka tohu pea i ngā huringa huarere e tata mai ana.
7. Altostratus (As)
Ko ngā kapua Altostratus he kapua papatahi hina, kikorangi-hina rānei, kei te teitei i waenga i te 2.000 me te 6.000 mita. He tohu ēnei mō te rangi kapua, ā, ka taea e rātou te kawe mai i te ua māmā, te hukarere rānei.
Ngā Kapua hei Tohu Huarere
Mā te tirotiro i ngā kapua ka taea te whakarato i ngā mōhiotanga whai hua mō te rangi e haere ake nei. Anei ētahi huarahi e taea ai te whakamahi i ngā hanganga me ngā momo kapua hei matapae i te rangi:
1. Te Hāora hei Tohu mō te Huringa o te Huarere
Ko te putanga mai o ngā kapua cirrus he tohu kei te huri te rangi. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai tēnei i te taenga mai o tētahi pūnaha pēhanga iti e mau ana i te matao, i te matao rānei. Ko te putanga mai o ngā kapua cirrus e piko ana, e ahua puhoi ana rānei, he tohu pea mō te ua, te awha rānei i roto i ngā haora 24 ki te 48 e whai ake nei.
2. Te Pupuhi e Whanake ana hei Pupuhi
Ko ngā kapua cumulus e tipu tonu ana hei kapua cumulonimbus e tohu ana i te whanaketanga o ngā whatitiri, o ētahi atu tupuhi rānei. Ko ngā kapua cumulus e tipu poutū ana, e huri ana ki te hina, ki te pōuri rānei te tae, e tohu ana i te kaha o te convection i roto i te hau, e arahi ana ki te huarere kino.
3. Te Matotoru me te Tae o te Papatūānuku
Ko ngā kapua matotoru, iti, he tohu i te āhuarangi pumau, me te tūponotanga o te ua māmā, te ua iti rānei. Ko te kitenga i ngā kapua hina pouri he tohu i te nui ake o te makuku i te rangi, me te tūponotanga o te ua anō.
4. Nimbostratus Roa
He tohu mārama te kapua nimbostratus whānui e taupokina ana e te rangi, he ua roa, he hukarere rānei. He maha ngā wā ka roa te noho o tēnei momo huarere, ā, kāore e haere tahi me ngā hau kaha, ngā uira rānei.
5. Te āhua o Altocumulus me Altostratus
Ko te puta mai o ngā kapua altocumulus i te ata ka tohu i te huringa o te rangi i ngā hāora e haere ake nei, tera pea ka haere tahi mai me ngā awha o te ahiahi, te ua rānei. Ko te matotoru o ngā kapua altostratus e taupoki ana i te rangi ka tohu pea i te haere mai o te matao makariri, i te nuinga o te wā ka haere tahi mai me te ua nui, ngā whatitiri rānei.
Ngā Wero i roto i te Tirotiro Kapua
Ahakoa he tikanga whai hua te tirotiro i ngā kapua mō te matapae i te huarere, he maha ngā wero hei whakaaroaro:
1. Ngā Rerekētanga Rohe: Ka rerekē pea ngā hanganga kapua i runga i te tauwāhi matawhenua. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā kapua kotahi te tohu i te āhuarangi rerekē i ngā rohe pārūrū ki ngā rohe mahana.
2. Ngā Āhuatanga Motuhake o te Āhuarangi: Ka pā pea ētahi āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga ahurei o te āhuarangi pērā i ngā huringa pāmahana ki te hanganga me ngā whanonga o te kapua i ngā huarahi kāore i te tūmanakohia.
3. Te Tika o te Tirotiro: Me whai pūkenga me te wheako te tirotiro kapua hei wehewehe tika i waenga i ngā momo kapua. Ka taea e ngā hapa o te tirotiro te arahi ki ngā matapae hē.
Whakamutunga
He tohu nui ngā kapua hei tohu i ngā huringa o te rangi. He rerekē ngā tohu a ngā momo kapua rerekē, pērā i te cirrus, te cumulus, te stratus, te nimbostratus, me te cumulonimbus, mō ngā āhuatanga o te hau me te rangi e haere ake nei. Mā te mārama me te whakamahi i ngā tirohanga kapua, ka taea e tātou te whakarite pai ake mō ngā huringa o te rangi, he mea nui ki ngā āhuatanga maha o ō tātou oranga. Ahakoa he wero te tirotiro me te whakamārama i ngā kapua, ka taea e te mōhiotanga me te wheako tonu te whakapai ake i te tika o ngā matapae huarere i runga i ngā tirohanga kapua.
