Te Tukanga Hanga Mea Whakarewa me ngā Tikanga Tāpiri
Pengantar
I roto i te umanga hanga, kei te pana tonu te auahatanga hangarau i ngā rohe o ngā kaha whakaputa me te whai huatanga. Ko tētahi hangarau e whakarerekē ana i te tauira i roto i te hanga wāhanga whakarewa ko te hanga tāpiri. Ko te hanga tāpiri, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te tānga 3D, he tikanga hanga e hanga ana i ngā mea paparanga i te paparanga mai i te whenua ki runga, ma te whakamahi i ngā raraunga hoahoa 3D. Kua uru tēnei hangarau ki ngā momo rāngai ahumahi pēnei i te rererangi, te motuka, te hauora, me te maha atu. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te tukanga hanga whakarewa ma te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tāpiri, ngā hangarau e whai wāhi ana, ōna painga, me ōna tono i roto i te umanga.
Hangarau Hanga Tāpiri mō ngā Konganuku
He maha ngā hangarau hanga tāpiri e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā wāhanga whakarewa. Ko ētahi o ngā mea tino noa ko:
1. Te Whakakotahitanga o te Moenga Paura Taiaho (LPBF)
Ko te Whakakotahitanga Moenga Paura Taiaho (LPBF) tētahi o ngā tikanga rongonui mō te tānga 3D whakarewa. Ko tēnei tukanga he hora i tētahi paparanga angiangi o te paura whakarewa ki runga i tētahi moenga tā. Kātahi ka whakarewahia e te taiaho te paura whakarewa kia rite ki te hoahoa 3D, ka herea ngā matūriki whakarewa hei hanga i tētahi paparanga totoka. Ka whakahokia tēnei tukanga paparanga i te paparanga kia oti rā anō te wāhanga katoa.
2. Te Whakatakotoranga Pūngao Whaiaro (DED)
Ko te Directed Energy Deposition (DED) e whakamahi ana i tētahi pūtāhui rauemi, he pūtake wera pēnei i te laser, i ngā irahiko rānei, e tukuna ana ki tētahi wāhi motuhake e rewa ana te paura whakarewa, te waea rānei. Mā tēnei tukanga ka taea te tāpiri tika i te rauemi ki te horahanga mata e hiahiatia ana. He tino pono te DED mō te whakatika wāhanga me ngā tono tauine nui.
3. Rererangi Whakapiri
Ko te Binder Jetting he tikanga e whakatakotoria ana ngā paparanga paura whakarewa ki runga i te moenga tā, ā, ka rehuhia he wai here ki runga i te paura kia rite ki te hoahoa 3D. I muri i te herenga o ia paparanga, ka whakatakotoria te turanga e whai ake nei, ā, ka whakahokia te tukanga kia oti ra ano te hanganga. Kātahi ka whakakāhia te mea i puta mai i roto i te oumu kia tino herea ngā matūriki whakarewa.
4. Te Rewa o te Hiko Irahiko (EBM)
Ka whakamahia e te Whakarewa Hiko Irahiko (EBM) he hihi irahiko hei pūtake wera hei whakarewa i ngā paura whakarewa i roto i te korehau. Mā tēnei tukanga ka taea te whakahaere pai ake i te wera, ā, he tino pai mō te hanga i ngā wāhanga titanium me te koranu mahi-teitei e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi rererangi me te hauora.
Tukanga Hanga Tāpiri Whakarewa
Ko ia tikanga hanga tāpiri whakarewa e whai ake nei i te raupapa whānui o ngā mahi:
1. Te Hoahoa CAD me te Tukatuka-Mua
Ka tīmata te tukanga mā te waihanga i tētahi tauira matihiko 3D o te mea ka hangaia mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa Hoahoa Āwhina-Rorohiko (CAD). Kātahi ka hurihia te hoahoa ki tētahi hōputu ka taea te pānui e te pūreretā 3D, mā te whakamahi i te hōputu kōnae STL (stereolithography). Muri iho, ka wehea e te pūmanawa tapatapahi te tauira 3D ki ngā paparanga angiangi ka whakamahia e te pūreretā 3D hei hanga i te mea.
2. Te Whakarite i ngā Rauemi me ngā Mīhini
He rerekē ngā whakaritenga rauemi me ngā whakaritenga mīhini mō ia hangarau hanga tāpiri. Ko te tikanga o te tukanga ko te uta i te paura whakarewa, te waea rānei ki roto i te mīhini, me te whakatikatika me te whakarite i ngā tawhā tukanga pēnei i te tere o te taiaho, te mana, me te matotoru o te paparanga.
3. Tukanga Tā
I te wā e tā ana, ka whakamahia, ka whakarewahia rānei e te pūreretā 3D ngā rauemi kia rite ki te hoahoa 3D, paparanga i te paparanga. Mā ngā pūnaha whakahaere matatau ka tino tika te tāpiri i ia paparanga, ā, ka whakahaerehia ngā tawhā tukanga kia tutuki ai te kounga me ngā āhuatanga rauemi e hiahiatia ana.
4. Tukatuka-muri
Kia oti te tā, me mahi ētahi mahi hei whakapai ake i te wāhanga. Kei roto i tēnei ko te tango i ngā rauemi taikaha, te whakamahana i te wera hei whakaiti i ngā ahotea o roto, me ngā tikanga whakaoti rerekē hei whakatutuki i ngā ātete ā-ahu me te mata e hiahiatia ana.
Ngā Painga o te Hanganga Tāpiri mō ngā Konganuku
1. Hoahoa Matatini me te Whakaritenga
Mā te hanga tāpiri ka taea te hanga i ngā wāhanga he tino uaua ngā āhuahanga, he uaua, he kore rānei e taea te whakatutuki mā ngā tikanga hanga tuku iho pērā i te whakarewa, te tā rānei. Mā tēnei ka taea te hanga i ngā hoahoa māmā ake, te whakanui ake i te mahi, me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o ngā rauemi.
2. Wā Arataki Poto
Ka taea e ngā tukanga hanga tāpiripiri te whakaiti i te wā e hiahiatia ana mai i te hoahoa ki te whakaputanga whakamutunga. He tino whai hua tēnei mō te hanga tauira tere, mō ngā wāhanga rānei e hiahia ana kia tere te urupare.
3. Te Whai Hua o ngā Rauemi
Mā te hanga paparanga-i-te-paparanga ka whakamahia noa ngā rauemi e tika ana, ka whakaitihia te para. Nā tēnei ka pai ake te taiao o te hanga tāpiringa i ngā tikanga tuku iho.
4. Te Hanga i runga i te Tono
Mā te kaha ki te whakaputa i ngā wāhanga i runga i te tono ka whakaitihia te pupuri i ngā taonga me ngā utu e pā ana. He mea nui tēnei i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te rererangi, me penapena ngā wāhanga mō te wā roa.
Ngā tono i roto i te ahumahi
1. Aerospace
Ko te umanga rererangi tētahi o ngā tino painga o te hanga tāpiri whakarewa. Ko te kaha ki te hanga i ngā wāhanga mama engari he kaha me ngā hoahoa uaua he mea nui ki te mahi me te whai huatanga o te waka rererangi. Hei tauira, ko ngā wāhanga miihini rererangi e tāia ana mā te whakamahi i te hangarau LPBF ka taea te whakaiti i te taumaha me te kore e whakaiti i te kaha o te hanganga.
2. Waka
Ka whakamahia hoki te hanga tāpiri whakarewa i roto i te umanga motuka mō ngā wāhanga mama, ngā taputapu motuhake, me te hanga tauira tere. Ka taea te whakamātautau tere ake i ngā wāhanga kua tāia, ka taea ai te whakapoto i ngā huringa whanaketanga hua.
3. Hauora
I roto i te ao hauora, ka tāia ngā prosthetics me ngā implants ritenga ki te 3D kia rite ki te rahi me te āhua o te tinana o te tūroro. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā rauemi hototahi ki te koiora pērā i te titanium mō tēnei, ā, he pai ake ngā hua ki ngā tikanga hanga tuku iho.
4. Pūngao
Kei te whakamahia hoki te hangarau tāpiri i roto i te rāngai pūngao, inā koa i roto i te hanga o ngā wāhanga tāpine me ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu mō te tūhuratanga hinu me te hau. Nā te pono o ngā rauemi me te mahi pai i tutukihia mā te tānga 3D, he mea tino pai mō ngā tono uaua me ngā taiao tino kino.
Ngā Wero me te Ao o Muri Mai
Ahakoa ōna painga maha, he maha ngā wero kei mua i te mahi hanga tāpiri whakarewa. Kei roto i ēnei ko te utu nui o ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi, me te hiahia hoki ki te whakawhanake i ngā paerewa me ngā whakaritenga hei whakarite i te ōritetanga me te kounga o ngā wāhanga kua tāia. Kei te haere tonu te rangahau me te whanaketanga hei aro atu ki ēnei wero me te wetewete i te pūmanawa katoa o te hangarau.
Whakamutunga
He hangarau tere whanake te hanga tāpiri whakarewa e tuku ana i ngā whai wāhitanga maha mō te auahatanga me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga puta noa i ngā rāngai ahumahi. Nā tōna kaha ki te whakaputa hoahoa uaua, ki te penapena wā me ngā rauemi, me te whakahohe i te hanga i runga i te tono, e tūmanakohia ana ka noho te hanga tāpiri whakarewa hei pou matua i roto i te whenua hangahanga ā muri ake nei. Ahakoa kei te haere tonu te aro ki ngā wero o nāianei, ko ōna tono me ōna painga ka tino whakawhānui ake i te whakamahinga o te hangarau puta noa i ngā rāngai ahumahi maha.
