Te Tūranga o te Konupora i roto i te Hanga Kowiri tira
Ko te maitai kore waikura, e mōhiotia ana ko te maitai kore waikura, he rauemi e mau ana i te tūranga motuhake i roto i te ahumahi nā tōna ātete ki te waikura me te waikura. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te tūranga nui o te chromium i roto i te hanga maitai kore waikura, ngā tikanga tiaki e tukuna ana e tēnei huānga, me ngā tono nui e whakawhirinaki ana ki tōna kounga.
Hītori me te Whakataki ki te Kowiri tira
I te tīmatanga o te rautau 20 i hangaia tuatahitia ai te kowiri tira, ā, he whakatutukitanga nui tēnei i roto i te pūtaiao rauemi me te hangarau. I mua i te kitenga o te kowiri tira, he raruraru nui te waikura e pā ana ki te whānuitanga o ngā tono whakarewa. I kitea te chromium hei otinga mō tēnei raruraru i te kitenga o ngā kaipūtaiao ka taea e te tāpiri chromium ki te maitai te whakapai ake i tōna ātete ki te waikura.
Matū Konupora: He Huānga Nui i roto i te Kowiri tira
He huānga matū te chromium me te tohu Cr me te nama ngota 24. I roto i te maitai kore waikura, ka mahi te chromium hei huānga whakarewa, e whakarato ana i ngā āhuatanga motuhake kāore i te maitai waro noa. Ina tāpirihia te chromium ki te maitai i roto i ngā rahinga e ranea ana (ko te tikanga he 10,5%), ka puta he paparanga angiangi, mārama hoki o te chromium oxide ki runga i te mata o te maitai. E mōhiotia ana tēnei paparanga ko te "paparanga kore mahi".
He mea nui tēnei paparanga kore mahi nā te mea he ārai e tiaki ana i te maitai mai i te hāora me te makuku, ka taea ai te waikura. He mea whakamīharo, ahakoa he tino angiangi tēnei paparanga, he torutoru noa ngā ngota te matotoru, he tino kaha, ā, he kaha ki te whakatika i a ia anō. Ko te tikanga tēnei, ki te rakurakuhia, ki te pakaru rānei te paparanga, ka taea e te chromium i roto i te maitai te tauhohe tonu ki te hāora hei hanga i tētahi paparanga kore mahi hou, kia mau tonu ai te tiakitanga.
Tukanga Hanga Kowiri tira
He maha ngā wāhanga nui o te hanga maitai kore waikura, mai i te whiriwhiri rauemi mata ki te tukatuka whakamutunga. Ko ngā wāhanga matua ko:
1. Te Kōwhiringa o ngā Rauemi Mata: Ko ngā rauemi mata matua ko te rino, te chromium me te nickel (mō ētahi momo maitai kore waikura). Tērā pea ka tāpirihia ētahi atu huānga pērā i te molybdenum, te titanium, me te vanadium hei whakapai ake i ētahi āhuatanga.
2. Tukanga Rewa: Kātahi ka rewahia ngā rauemi ki roto i te oumu hiko, i te oumu hāora taketake rānei. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka tāpirihia te chromium ki te maitai rewa.
3. Te Tango Hau me te Whakakorenga Whetū: Hei whakarite i te kounga teitei, ka tukuna te maitai rewa ki te tukanga tango hau hei tango i ngā hau pēnei i te hauwai me te hauota, me te tukanga whakakorenga whetū hei whakaiti i te ihirangi whanariki.
4. Te Hanga: Kātahi ka hangaia te maitai rewa hei pereti, hei pereki, hei putiputi rānei, i runga i te hua whakamutunga e hiahiatia ana.
5. Maimoatanga Wera: Kātahi ka tukuna te maitai i whakarewahia ki roto i ngā tukanga maimoatanga wera hei whakapai ake i te hanganga moroiti me ōna āhuatanga hangarau.
6. Te Huri me te Whakakanapa: Ko te wāhanga whakamutunga ko te huri me te whakakanapa kia tutuki ai ngā rahi me te whakaotinga e hiahiatia ana.
Ngā momo maitai kore waikura
He mea nui te chromium i roto i ngā momo maitai kore waikura katoa, engari ko tōna noho tahi me ētahi atu huānga ka puta he momo maitai rerekē me ngā āhuatanga me ngā whakamahinga rerekē. Ko ētahi momo maitai kore waikura noa ko:
1. Martensitic: Kei roto i ēnei maitai te chromium i waenga i te 12-18%. E mōhiotia ana mō tō rātou kaha teitei, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga maripi, taputapu pokanga, me ngā taputapu ahumahi.
2. Ferritic: He nui ake te ihirangi chromium, tae atu ki te 27%, engari he iti noa iho, kāore rānei he nickel. Ka whakamahia tēnei maitai i roto i ngā tono kāore e hiahiatia he taumata teitei o te ātete ki te waikura, pērā i ngā taputapu whare me ngā pūnaha hauātanga o ngā motuka.
3. Austenitic: Ko tēnei momo te mea tino noa, ā, kei roto i te nuinga o te wā i waenga i te 16-26% te chromium me te 35% te nickel. E mōhiotia ana ēnei mō tō rātou ātete nui ki te waikura, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi kai, hauora, me te hanga.
4. Takirua: Te whakakotahi i ngā hanganga austenitic me te ferritic me te ihirangi chromium me te nickel taurite. Ka tukuna e tēnei maitai he huinga o ngā painga o ngā momo e rua, arā, he ātete pai ki te waikura me te kaha teitei.
Ngā Whakamahinga Kowiri tira
He whānuitia ngā ahumahi me ngā tono e hiahia ana kia kaha, kia roa, kia ātete hoki ki te waikura te whakamahi i te kowiri tira. Ko ētahi o ngā tono matua ko:
1. Ahumahi Hanga: E whakamahia ana te maitai kore waikura i roto i te hanganga o ngā whare teitei, ngā piriti, me ētahi atu hanganga e hiahia ana ki ngā rauemi pakari, ātete hoki ki te waikura.
2. Taputapu Hauora: Nā ōna āhuatanga ārai-waikura me te ngāwari ki te horoi, ko te maitai kore waikura te mea matua hei whiriwhiri mā te hanga taputapu pokanga, taputapu tāpiri, me ētahi atu taputapu hauora.
3. Ahumahi Kai me te Inu: Nā te mea kāore te maitai kore waikura e tauhohe ki te nuinga o ngā kai, ā, he ngāwari hoki ki te horoi, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia i roto i ngā taputapu kīhini, i ngā tāke tukatuka, me ngā taputapu tākai.
4. Ngā Waka me te Kawe Waka: Ka whakamahia te kowiri tira hei hanga i ngā waka e hiahia ana kia nui te ātete ki te waikura, pērā i ngā waka moana me ngā waka rererangi.
5. Pūngao me ngā Hanganga: E whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga i ngā tāpine, ngā paipa ahumahi, me ētahi atu taputapu e mahi ana i roto i ngā taiao tino kino.
Te Oranga Tonu me te Hangarua
E mōhiotia ana hoki te maitai kore waikura mō tōna āhua pai ki te taiao, nā te mea ka taea te hangarua katoa me te kore e ngaro tōna kounga. Ko te tikanga ka taea te whakarewa anō i te maitai para hei maitai hou, ka penapena rauemi me te pūngao. Ka taea hoki te tango mai i te chromium, he huānga matua, mai i te tukanga hangarua, ka waiho hei otinga pumau mō ngā wero o ēnei rā.
Whakamutunga
Kāore e taea te whakanui rawa i te tūranga o te chromium i roto i te hanga maitai kore waikura. Mai i te tiaki i te maitai mai i te waikura ki te whakarato i te ngāwari i roto i ngā momo mahi ahumahi, ko te chromium tētahi huānga matua e hanga ana i te maitai kore waikura hei rauemi whakamiharo. Kei te haere tonu te hangarau me te rangahau ki te whakapai ake i te kounga me te whai huatanga o te maitai kore waikura, engari kotahi te mea e mau tonu ana: ka noho tonu te chromium hei wāhanga nui i roto i tēnei haerenga.
