Me pēhea te whakaiti i te hanganga whakaurunga i roto i te maka
I roto i te whakarewatanga whakarewa, ko te kounga o te whakarewatanga ka tino whakatauhia e te ma o te whakarewa rewa me te pumau o te tukanga ringihanga. Ko tētahi o ngā hapa tino noa e whakaiti ana i te kounga o ngā hua whakarewa ko ngā whakaurunga. Ko ngā whakaurunga ka taea te noho hei matūriki kore-whakarewa kua mau ki roto i te whakarewa (hei tauira, ngā waikura, te onepu, te para, ngā matūriki ātete rānei) he mirumiru hau rānei e hanga ana i ngā hapa rite ki te whakaurunga. Ko te noho mai o ngā whakaurunga ka whakaiti i ngā āhuatanga miihini, ka puta he turuturu, ka kino ake ngā hua miihini, ā, ka noho hei tīmatanga mō ngā kapiti ina pāngia ngā wāhanga e ngā kawenga hihiri. Nō reira, ko te mārama ki ngā pūtake o ngā whakaurunga me te whakatinana i ngā mahi ārai mai i te rewa ki te whakapakeketanga te mea nui ki te whakaiti i tō rātou hanganga.
1. Kia mārama ki ngā pūtake o te whakaurunga
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te tautuhi i te pūtake mai o ngā whakaurunga. I te nuinga o te wā, ko ngā whakaurunga i roto i ngā whakarewanga i ahu mai i ētahi pūtake matua:
1. Te waikura o te konganuku rewa nā te nui rawa o te pānga ki te hau i te wā e whakamahana ana, e whakaoho ana, e ringihia ana rānei. Ka taea e te waikura i hangaia te pakaru hei matūriki angiangi, ka whakatārewatia.
2. He para i hangaia mai i te tauhohenga i waenga i ngā huānga koranu me te hāora, tae atu ki te rere kāore i tino wehea.
3. Ka memeha te onepu whakarewa nā te rere nui o te konganuku, te iti o te kaha o te onepu, te hoahoa whakaurunga hē rānei.
4. Ngā matūriki ātete ahi mai i ngā oko tahu, ngā koko, ngā arai oumu rānei kua pakaruhia nā te wera me te matū.
5. Te poke o ngā rauemi mata pērā i te waikura, te para hinuhinu, te whakaranu rānei ki ngā rauemi kore-whakarewa.
6. Ngā hau rewa (hauwai i roto i te konumohe, hauota/hāora i roto i te maitai) ka taea te hanga i te porosity me ngā hapa o roto—e kiia ana he "whakaurunga" nā te mea he rite tonu te pānga ki te kounga.
Mā te mārama o te pūtake o te raruraru, ka taea te whakatakoto i ngā mahi ārai mate me te whai hua ake.
2. Te whakahaere i ngā rauemi mata me te horoi o te utu
He maha ngā wā ka puta mai ngā whakaurunga mai i ngā rauemi mata kāore i te tino ma. Nō reira:
– Whakamahia he para kounga teitei, he iti rawa te waikura, te peita, te hinu, me te paru. Ka taea e ngā poke rauropi te whakaputa hau me te whakanui ake i te hanganga o te paru.
– Whakamahanahia ētahi para hei whakaiti i te makuku—he mea nui rawa atu mō te konumohe, nā te mea ka taea e te wai te whakanui ake i te hauwai.
– Kia āta wehea ngā konganuku me ngā koranu. Mā te whakaranu para kore whakahaere ka puta he tauhohenga kāore e hiahiatia, ka nui ake hoki te hanga para.
– Whakatinanahia te tiaki whare tino pakari: me maroke te wāhi rewa me te wāhi rokiroki utu, ā, me kore he puehu/onepu.
3. Te arotau i te tukanga whakarewa: te whakaiti i te waikura me te para
I te wā e rewa ana, he tino ngāwari te whakarewa rewa ki te waikura. Ētahi mahi nui:
– Whakahaerehia te pāmahana rewa kia kore ai e tino teitei. Mā te wera rawa ka tere ake te tauhohenga waikura, ā, ka nui ake te paru/para.
– Whakaitihia te wā pupuri i ngā pāmahana teitei. Ka roa te wā e whakaatuhia ana te konganuku rewa, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te waikura.
– Whakamahia he ātete rere/taupoki e tika ana mō te momo konganuku (hei tauira, te konumohe) hei tiaki i te mata rewa mai i te hāora, hei āwhina hoki i te whakakotahitanga o te paru kia ngāwari ai te tango.
– Me tango tika te para: me ma te para, me pumau te nekehanga, kaua hoki e whakaohokia te konganuku kia kore ai e hoki te para ki roto.
– Mō ētahi koranu, whakaarohia te rewa i roto i te hau whakahaeretia, te ārai hau kore mahi rānei, ahakoa e whakawhirinaki ana tēnei ki te tauine me te utu o te whakaputanga.
4. Te mahi tango hau me te whakamahine i te konganuku rewa
I roto i ētahi konganuku, he tata te hononga o ngā whakaurunga ki ngā hau rewa. Ko te tauira tino noa ko te konumohe me te hauwai. Ko ngā tikanga noa ko:
– Ka whakamahia e te tango hau te hau kore mahi (ākona/hauota) mā te tango hau hurihuri, mā te tao rānei hei tango i te hauwai, hei āwhina hoki i te mānu o ngā matūriki waikura angiangi.
– Te whakamahi i ngā papa tango hau/rerenga mēnā he iti ngā whakaurunga, me te whakahaere pakari kia kore ai ngā toenga rere e waiho hei pūtake o ngā whakaurunga hou.
– Whakamahia he tātari whakarewa wai (hei tauira, he tātari pahuka uku i runga i te konumohe) hei hopu i ngā waikura me ngā matūriki kore-whakarewa i mua i te urunga ki te kōhao pokepokea ai. Ko te tātari tētahi o ngā tikanga tino whai hua mō te whakaiti i ngā whakaurunga, inā koa i roto i ngā hua he nui ngā whakaritenga kounga.
5. Te tiaki i te koko, te para me te ātete ahi
Ka taea e te kino o te arai, o te ipu whakarewa rānei te kawe i ngā matūriki ātete i te wā e ringihia ana. Te ārai:
– Me tirotiro auau mō ngā kapiti, ngā pakaru, ngā kiri rānei o ngā whare mura ahi.
– Whakamahia ngā pūwero mura e hototahi ana ki te momo whakarewa me te rere e whakamahia ana; ka taea e ngā tauhohenga matū te whakatere i te pirau.
– Me whakarite kia maroke, kia whakamahanatia hoki ngā koko me ngā taputapu e pā ana ki te konganuku hei ārai i te pahūtanga o te mamaoa, hei whakaiti hoki i te whakamatao ā-rohe ka nui ake ai te pōrearea i te wā e ringihia ana.
– Kaua e whakaoho nui rawa i te wā e kawe ana i te koko, i te mea ka taea e ngā nekehanga ohorere te whakaoho anō i te para ki roto.
6. Hoahoahia te pūnaha kuaha kia marino ai te rere o te wai
He maha ngā whakaurunga ka uru ki te kōhao pokepokea ai nā te rere o te konganuku pōrearea, ka memeha te onepu, ka kukume i ngā waikura o te mata ki roto i te konganuku. Ko te kaupapa matua o te hoahoa kuaha hei whakaiti i ngā whakaurunga ko te waihanga i tētahi rere pai, pumau, me te whakahaere.
Ētahi huarahi noa:
– Whakamahia ngā puna waikura me ngā hoahoa waikura hei whakaiti i ngā pānga o te "mimiti hau" me te tauhiuhi.
– Whakahāngaihia te rere kia kore ai e taka noa mai i te teitei rawa; mā te taka noa ka nui ake te pōrearea me te waikura.
– Whakatakotoria he toronga oma me he mahanga para hei hopu i ngā matūriki para i mua i te taenga ki te tatau.
– Whakamahia te nui tika (te nui me te rahi) hei whakakī i te pokepokea ai i te tere e ranea ana, me te kore e memeha te onepu.
– I ētahi wā, whakamahia te kuaha o raro, te ringihanga rānei mai i raro hei whakaiti i te hanganga o te kiriata waikura me te aueue.
7. Te whakahaere kounga o te pokepokea ai me te matua
Ko te nuinga o te wā ka puta ngā whakaurunga onepu nā te horo, te pakarukaru rānei o te rauemi tā. Hei whakaiti i te mōrearea:
– Me whakarite kia rawaka, kia ōrite hoki te kaha o te onepu (kaha matomato/kaha taunga).
– Whakahaerehia te makuku o te onepu whakarewa. Mēnā he nui rawa te makuku, ka puta he hau me ngā hapa o te mata, engari mēnā he iti rawa te makuku, ka whakaitihia te piripono.
– Whakamahia he horoi paninga/ātete-wai ki ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te rere o te konganuku.
– Whakapai ake i te kounga me te kaha o te uho, me te whakarite kia pumau te tukanga whakamaroke me te mea e herea ana kia kore ai e taka te uho.
– He hoahoa pai mō te whakaputa hau hei whakaiti i te pēhanga hau ka pakaru pea te mata o te pokepokea ai.
8. Tikanga ringihanga: te whakahaere i te tukanga i runga i te papa whakaputa
Ahakoa te pai o te hoahoa, ka taea e te ringihanga ngoikore te whakahoki mai i ngā raruraru whakaurunga. Te mahi e taunakitia ana:
– Kia iti rawa te teitei o te ringihanga, me te kore e whakararu i te urunga atu me te haumaru.
– Ringihia i te tere pumau, kaua e whakaroa. Ka whakanui ake te ringihanga whakaroa i te pōrearea me te waikura.
– Kaua e ringihia ki runga i te para: kia tino ma te mata o te koko, ā, whakamahia he tikanga "whakatītaha" kia kore ai e tōia te para.
– Whakahaerehia te pāmahana ringihanga kia rite ki ngā taunakitanga o te koranu: mā te wera rawa ka nui ake ngā waikura, mā te makariri rawa ka nui ake te mōrearea o ngā hapa, ā, ka taea te hopu i ngā whakaurunga nā te whakapakeketanga wawe.
9. Te whakamatao me te whakatio: ka āwhina i ngā whakaurunga kia mānu
I roto i ētahi pūnaha, ka mānu pea ngā whakaurunga i mua i te whakapakeketanga o te konganuku. Ngā mahi hei āwhina:
– Hoahoahia te pūwhakaara me te rere kia taea ai te neke o te para ki tētahi wāhi ka taea te "patu" (hei tauira, ki te pūwhakaara, ki te puhake rānei).
– Whakamahia ngā tātari me ngā putunga hei wāhi kohikohinga whakauru.
– Whakahaerehia te pikinga wera mō te whakatōtika ahunga. Mā te whakatōtika ahunga ka whakaitihia te tūponotanga o ngā whakaurunga kia mau ki te rohe matua.
10. Te tirotiro, te whakamātautau me te whakapai tonu
Ehara i te mahi kotahi te whakaiti i te whakaurunga. Me whai urupare mai i ngā raraunga:
– Whakahaerehia te tātari hapa: te tapahi tauira, te whakairo-rahi, te whakaahua whakarewa rānei hei tautuhi i te momo whakauru (waikura, onepu, para, ātete ahi).
– Whakamahia ngā whakamātautau NDT pēnei i te whakaahua X-ray (RT) me te whakaahua ultrasonic (UT) mō ngā wāhanga matua.
– Aroturuki i ngā tawhā tukanga: te pāmahana, te wā pupuri, te momo rerenga, te taumata tango hau, me te āhua o te tātari.
– Whakatinanahia ngā paerewa mahi me te whakangungu kaiwhakahaere—nā te mea ko ngā rerekētanga o ngā mahi mara he tino take o ngā rerekētanga kounga.
Whakamutunga
Ka taea te whakaiti i te whakaurunga o ngā mea whakarewa mā te huarahi whānui: mai i te whiriwhiri rauemi mata me te horoi, te whakahaere rewa hei pehi i te waikura me te para, te tango hau me te tātari, te maimoatanga ātete, te hoahoa kuaha e whakaiti ana i te aueue, ki te whakahaere ringihanga me te whakahaere kounga pokepokea ai. Ina whakahaerehia tonutia ēnei mahi katoa me te aroturukitia me ngā raraunga tirotiro, ka pai ake te horoi o roto o te mea whakarewa, ka pai ake ngā āhuatanga miihini, ka iti ake ngā reiti whakakore me ngā utu whakaputa. Arā, ko te whakahaere i ngā whakaurunga he haumi tika ki te pono o ngā hua whakarewa i te mara.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga ki ngā momo konganuku motuhake (konumohe, rino maka, maitai maka) me te tāpiri i ngā tauira o ngā hoahoa kuaha/tātari e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga.
