Te Tangohanga me te Whakamahinga o ngā Ore Konganuku
He tukanga uaua, he tukanga motuhake hoki te tango me te whakamahine i ngā konganuku mai i ō rātou konganuku, i runga i te momo konganuku e tangohia ana. Ko ngā konganuku konganuku he toka, he kohuke rānei e taea ai te tango mai i ngā konganuku me te whai hua. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tikanga me ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana i roto i te tango me te whakamahine i ngā konganuku konganuku, tae atu ki ngā wero me ngā auahatanga hou o tēnei mara.
1. Te Keri Kohatu
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi o te tukanga tango konganuku ko te keri i te konganuku mai i te whenua. Ko ngā konganuku konganuku ka kitea i te nuinga o te wā i roto i te ahua o ngā kohuke e pā ana ki ngā rauemi kore-konganuku. Ka taea te keri mā roto i ngā tikanga maha, tae atu ki te keri tuwhera, te keri raro whenua, me te keri poka.
1.1 Te Keri Tuwhera
Ko te keri tuwhera he tikanga e whakamahia ana hei tango i te konganuku tata ki te mata. Ko tēnei tikanga ko te tango i ngā paparanga oneone me te toka i runga ake i te konganuku hei tango i ngā kohuke e hiahiatia ana. Ahakoa he māmā ake, he iti ake te utu, ka taea e tēnei tikanga te whakararu i te taiao.
1.2 Te Keri i raro i te Whenua
Ka whakamahia te keri whenua hei tango i te konganuku kei raro i te mata. Kei roto i tēnei ko te hanga kauhanga me ngā poka poutū i raro i te whenua hei toro atu ki ngā putunga konganuku. Ahakoa he nui ake ngā utu keri, ā, he nui ake ngā mōrearea ki te haumaru o ngā kaimahi, mā tēnei tikanga ka taea te uru atu ki ngā konganuku hohonu ake, he nui ake te utu.
2. Te kuru me te huri
I muri i te keri i te konganuku, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te huri hei āhua pai ake mā te kuru me te huri. Ko te whāinga o tēnei tukanga he whakanui ake i te mata o te konganuku kia tere ake ai ngā mahi tango.
2.1 Te whakangaromanga
Ka whakamahia he mīhini kuru hei kuru i te konganuku, he mīhini nui me te pendulum, he niho nunui rānei hei huri i te konganuku kia ririki. I tēnei wā, ka whakaitihia te konganuku kia iti noa iho, kia torutoru henimita te rahi.
2.2 Te mira
I muri i te tukanga kuru, ka hurihia te konganuku kia angiangi ake mā te whakamahi i te mira pōro, i te mira rānei.
Mira rakau. Ka taea e te mira te huri i te konganuku hei paura angiangi, ā, ka māmā ake te wehewehe i ngā kohuke whakarewa mai i ngā rauemi kore-whakarewa.
3. Te Kukū o te Kohatu
Ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te whakanui ake i te kukū o ngā kohuke whakarewa i roto i te konganuku mā te tango i ngā rauemi kore-whakarewa. He maha ngā tikanga matua e whakamahia ana mō te kukū o ngā konganuku, tae atu ki te whakapūmau, te kaha ā-papa, me te whakapūmau aukume.
3.1 Te Whakarewatanga
Ko te whakapūmau he tikanga ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki e wehewehe ana i ngā kohuke i runga i ngā rerekētanga o ō rātou āhua mata. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka konatunatua he paraoa konganuku ki te wai me te matū whakapūmau, ka meinga ētahi matūriki kohuke kia piri ki ngā mirumiru hau, ka whakapūmau ki te mata. Kātahi ka kohia ēnei kohuke whakapūmau, ko ngā rauemi taumaha ehara i te mea whakarewa ka noho ki raro.
3.2 Te Āhuatanga o te Kaha
Ka whakamahia e te tikanga taumaha te rerekētanga mātotoru i waenga i ngā kohuke whakarewa me ngā rauemi gangue (kore-whakarewa) hei wehewehe. Ko ngā jigs me ngā tēpu wiri he tauira o ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana i roto i tēnei tikanga. Ka totohu ngā matūriki taumaha, ka makahia ngā matūriki mama ake.
3.3 Aukume
Ka whakamahia te tukatuka aukume ina kei roto i te konganuku ngā kohuke ferromagnetic. Ka tukuna te konganuku mā roto i tētahi papa aukume kaha, ka wehea ngā kohuke aukume mai i ngā mea kāore i te aukume. He tikanga māmā noa iho tēnei, he tikanga whai hua hoki mō ngā konganuku e tika ana.
4. Te Tangohanga Konganuku
Kia whakapūmautia te konganuku, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te tango i te konganuku mai i te whakapūmau. He maha ngā tikanga ka taea te whakamahi, tae atu ki te pyrometallurgy, te hydrometallurgy, me te electrometallurgy.
4.1 Te Whakapūtanga Whakarewa
Ko te pyrometallurgy he tikanga e whakamahi ana i te whakamahana i te konganuku, i te konganuku kukū rānei ki ngā pāmahana teitei hei tango i ngā konganuku. Hei tauira, ko te tunu, te whakarewa, me te whakamahine.
4.1.1 Te tunu
I te tukanga tunu, ka whakamahanahia te konganuku ki te hau hei tango i te whanariki, te āheniki, me ētahi atu matū pūngāwerewere. Mā tēnei ka huri te konganuku hei waikura ngāwari ake te tukatuka.
4.1.2 Te whakarewa
Ko te whakarewa he whakaranu i te konganuku me te hau, kātahi ka whakamahana i roto i te oumu. Kātahi ka wehea te konganuku rewa mai i te para, arā, ko te hau me ngā poke kāore e hiahiatia.
4.1.3 Te Whakamaemaetanga
I tēnei wā, ka whakapaia anōtia te konganuku mata i puta mai i te whakarewa hei tango i ngā poke. Ko tētahi tikanga noa ko te whakamahine hiko, e whakamahi ana i te hikohiko hei horoi i te konganuku.
4.2 Te Whakarewa Wai
Ko te mahi whakarewa wai ko te whakamahi i ngā wairewa wai hei whakarewa i ngā konganuku, i ngā konganuku kukū rānei. He maha ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakarewa wai, tae atu ki te whakarewa, te whakatōtō, me te whakaora.
4.2.1 Rerehu
Ko te horoinga he whakamahinga matū hei whakarewa i ngā konganuku mai i ngā rauemi totoka. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te cyanidation hei tango koura, ko te waikawa whanariki ia hei whakarewa i te parahi mai i ngā konganuku waikura.
4.2.2 Te ua
Kia rewa ngā konganuku, ka taea te whakapūpū mai i te wairewa mā te whakamahi i tētahi matū whakapūpū. Mā te whakapūpū ka huri te konganuku mai i tōna āhua ionic ki tētahi totoka ka taea te wehe.
4.2.3 Whakaora
Ko te whakaora ko te tukanga kohikohi i ngā konganuku mai i ngā otinga kua whakatōngia. Ka taea tēnei mā roto i ngā momo tukanga matū, ā-tinana rānei.
4.3 Te Whakarewa Hiko
Ka whakamahia e te hangarau hiko whakarewa te hiko hei tango me te pure i ngā konganuku. Ko tētahi tauira pai ko te tukanga hiko-whakarewa, e tukuna ai ngā katote konganuku i roto i te wairewa mā roto i ngā irahiko hei whakaputa konganuku parakore i te katote.
5. Te Whakapai Anō
Kia oti te tango mai i ngā konganuku, me whakapai ake anō kia tutuki ai te parakore me te kounga e hiahiatia ana. Ko ngā tikanga whakapai ko te hikohiko, te whakahoro, me ētahi atu tikanga matū.
5.1 Te Whakapūtanga Hiko
Ko te hikohiko he tikanga e whakamahi ana i te iahiko hiko hei pure i ngā konganuku. Ka whakatakotoria te konganuku iti iho te parakore ki te anode (te hiko pai), ā, ka whakatakotoria te konganuku parakore ki te cathode (te hiko kino). He tikanga tino whai hua tēnei mō ngā konganuku pēnei i te parahi, te nikara, me te konumohe.
5.2 Te Whakatōtō
Ka whakamahia te whakamātao mō ngā konganuku pūngāwerewere pērā i te konutea me te cadmium. Ka whakamahanahia te konganuku kia kohu, kātahi ka whakamataohia kia puta ai te konganuku parakore.
5.3 Te Whakamahi Matū
Ko ngā tikanga whakamahine matū e uru ana ki te whakamahi i ngā tauhohenga matū hei tango i ngā poke motuhake mai i ngā konganuku. Kei roto pea i tēnei ko te whakamahi i ngā waikawa, i ngā kawakore, i ngā matū whakapūmau rānei hei tango i ngā poke o nāianei mai i te konganuku.
6. Ngā Wero me te Auahatanga
He maha ngā wero nui e pā ana ki te tango me te whakamahine i ngā konganuku whakarewa, tae atu ki ngā pānga ki te taiao, te nui o te whakapaunga pūngao,
me ngā mōrearea hauora mō ngā kaimahi. Heoi anō, kei te whanake tonu ngā auahatanga hangarau hei whakatika i ēnei wero, ko tētahi o ēnei ko te bioleaching.
6.1 Te Whakakorenga Koiora
Ko te bioleaching he tikanga e whakamahi ana i ngā moroiti hei whakarewa i ngā konganuku mai i ngā konganuku. He tikanga pai tēnei mō te taiao, ā, ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā matū kino. Kua whakamahia te bioleaching i roto i ngā whakamātautau mō ngā konganuku pēnei i te parahi, te koura, me te uranium.
6.2 Hangarau Kakariki
Kei te whanake tonuhia ngā hangarau matomato hei whakapai ake i te pumau o ngā tukanga tango me te whakamahine. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakamahinga o te pūngao hou, te hangarua whakarewa, me ngā hangarau tukatuka para kua whakapaitia hei whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao.
6.3 Te Rōpotiki me te Aunoatanga
Kei te piki haere hoki te whakamahinga o ngā karetao me te aunoatanga i roto i te keri me te tukatuka konganuku. Ka āwhina ēnei hangarau ki te whakapiki i te whai huatanga, te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea ki ngā kaimahi, me te whakahohe i ngā mahi i roto i ngā taiao tino kino.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga uaua te tango me te whakamahine i ngā konganuku whakarewa e hiahia ana ki te mātauranga hōhonu me te hangarau. Mai i te keri me te kuru ki te kukū, tae atu ki te tango me te whakamahine, he wero me ngā tikanga motuhake kei ia taahiraa me whakahaere marie. Mā te auahatanga tonu o te hangarau me ngā tikanga e pai ake ana ki te taiao, ka whanake tonu tēnei tukanga kia tutuki ai te hiahia mō ngā konganuku i roto i te huarahi whai hua ake, pumau ake hoki mō te ao.
