Ngā Utauta me ngā Taputapu e Whakamahia ana i roto i ngā Taiwhanga Whakarewa
He wāhi nui ngā taiwhanga whakarewa i roto i ngā ahumahi hanga, hangarau, me te rangahau pūtaiao. I konei, ka whakahaerehia he whānuitanga o ngā tukanga whakamātautau me te tātari rauemi hei mārama ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o ngā konganuku me ō rātou koranu. Hei whakatutuki i ngā hua tika me te pono, ka whakamahia he whānuitanga o ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu matatau. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu rerekē e kitea ana i roto i te taiwhanga whakarewa.
1. Karuārai Whakarewa
He taputapu nui ngā karu hiko whakarewa mō te tirotiro i te hanganga moroiti o ngā konganuku me ngā koranu. Kei roto i ēnei karu hiko he rama kaha me ngā karāhe whatu e taea ai te tirotiro taipitopito i te rahi o te kōhatu, ngā whakaurunga, me ētahi atu hanganga wāhanga. Ka taea te whakakotahi i ngā karu hiko whakarewa me te pūmanawa tātari whakaahua hei whakaputa pūrongo taipitopito mō te hanganga rauemi.
2. Ine Tukunga Whatu (OES)
He taputapu tātari te ine tukunga whatu (OES) e whakamahia ana hei whakatau i te hanganga matū o ngā konganuku me ngā koranu. Mā te whakamahana i tētahi tauira kia rewa rā anō, kia puta ai te mārama, ka taea e te OES te tautuhi i ngā momo huānga i runga i te whānuitanga mārama e tukuna ana. He mea nui tēnei hei whakarite i te kounga me te ōritetanga o ngā rauemi.
3. Mīhini Whakamātautau Kume
Ka whakamahia ngā mīhini whakamātautau kume hei ine i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o ngā rauemi, pērā i te kaha kume, te roa, me te modulus o te ngāwari. Ka herea ngā tauira whakarewa ki ngā pito e rua, ka kumea kia whati, ā, ko ngā hua o te whakamātautau ka whakarato i ngā raraunga nui mō te hoahoa me te tātari i ngā wāhanga hanganga.
4. Ine Whakamātautau Hiko-X (XRD)
He taputapu tātari nui ngā ine hihi-X (XRD) mō te tautuhi i ngā āhua tioata i roto i ngā rauemi. Mā te tuku hihi-X ki tētahi tauira ka ine i te koki me te kaha o ngā hihi whakaata. Mai i te tauira hihi-X ka puta, ka taea te tautuhi i te hanganga tioata me ngā wāhanga āhua.
5. Mīhini Whakamātautau Pakeke
He tikanga tere te whakamātautau pakeke mō te aromatawai i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o ngā rauemi. He maha ngā tikanga whakamātautau pakeke, pērā i a Vickers, Brinell, me Rockwell, e whakamahia ana hei ine i te mōrearea o te whakarerekētanga kirihou o tētahi rauemi i raro i tētahi kawenga. Ka whakamahia e te mīhini whakamātautau pakeke tētahi kōhao motuhake hei pēhi i te mata o te rauemi, ā, ka inehia te hohonu, te rahi rānei o te kōhao ka puta hei tatau i tōna pakeke.
6. Oumu
He taputapu te oumu e whakamahia ana hei whakamahana i ngā rauemi. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakamahana, te whakatōtō, te tinei, me ētahi atu tukanga wera hei whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o ngā konganuku me ngā koranu. He maha ngā momo me ngā rahi o ngā oumu, mai i ngā oumu taiwhanga iti ki ngā oumu ahumahi nui.
7. Karuārai Irahiko Matawai (SEM)
He taputapu kaha te karu hiko matawai (SEM) mō te tirotiro i te āhua o ngā mata whakarewa i te taumata karu hiko. Ka whakamahia e ngā SEM he hihi o ngā irahiko hei whakaputa whakaahua taumira teitei o te mata o te tauira. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā SEM ki ngā pūoko hihi-X horapa-pūngao (EDX) hei tātari i te hanganga matū taipitopito ake.
8. Kaitātari Wera-ā-ringa (TMA)
Ko te tātari wera-mīhini (TMA) he taputapu e whakamahia ana hei ine i ngā huringa o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o ngā rauemi hei pānga o te pāmahana me te wā i raro i te kawenga whakahaere. Ka whakamahia ngā TMA hei ako i ngā āhuatanga wera o ngā konganuku me ngā koranu, pērā i te tauwehenga o te whakawhānui wera, ngā huringa āhua, me te whakarerekētanga wera.
9. Ine Matawai Rerekētanga (DSC)
He taputapu tātari wera te Calorimeter Matawai Rerekētanga (DSC) e whakamahia ana hei ako i ngā huringa pūngao i roto i ngā rauemi hei whakautu i ngā huringa pāmahana. He tino whai hua te DSC mō te whakatau i te ira rewa, te pēhanga ā-wāhanga, me te kaha ki te tango wera o ngā rauemi. Ka whakaratohia he mōhiohio nui mō te pumau wera me te whanonga thermodynamic o ngā konganuku me ngā koranu.
10. Kaiwhakamātautau Ultrasonic
He taputapu kore-whakangaro te whakamātautau ultrasonic e whakamahia ana hei kite i ngā kapiti, ngā hapa, ngā whakaurunga rānei i roto i ngā rauemi whakarewa mā te whakamahi i ngā ngaru ultrasonic. He mea nui tēnei taputapu hei whakarite i te hanganga pai o ngā wāhanga whakarewa me te kore e pakaru.
11. Ngā Taputapu Whakarewa
Ko te mahi metallography he tirotiro me te tātari i te hanganga moroiti o ngā rauemi whakarewa mā te whakarite tauira, te tapahi, te oro, me te whakakanapa. He maha ngā taputapu pēnei i te tapahi tauira, te oro, me te whakakanapa e whakamahia ana i roto i tēnei tukanga. I muri i te whakarite o te tauira, ka whakamahia ngā tikanga whakairo matū hei whakaatu mārama ake i te hanganga moroiti i mua i te tirotiro i raro i te karu hiko.
12. Pūmanawa Tātari Rauemi
Ka whakamahia te pūmanawa tātari rauemi hei tukatuka me te tātari i ngā raraunga i whiwhi mai i ngā taputapu me ngā whakamātautau. Mā tēnei pūmanawa ka taea te whakaatu me te whakamārama i ngā raraunga hōhonu ake, hei āwhina i ngā kaipūtaiao ki te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi me ō rātou whanonga i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.
13. Taputapu Whakamātautau Waikura
Ka whakamahia ngā taputapu whakamātautau waikura hei aromatawai i te ātete o tētahi rauemi ki ngā momo waikura rerekē, pērā i te waikura ōrite, te waikura kapiti, me te waikura poka. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia me ngā otinga waikura e whakahaeretia ana te pāmahana me te roa hei whai i ngā āhuatanga taiao ka pā pea ki te rauemi i tōna whakamahinga whakamutunga.
Whakamutunga
He mahi nui tā ngā taiwhanga whakarewa i roto i te rangahau, te whakawhanake, me te whakamātautau i ngā rauemi whakarewa. Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu matatau pēnei i ngā karu hiko whakarewa, ngā ine tukunga whatu, ngā mīhini whakamātautau kume, ngā ine hihi-X, ngā mīhini whakamātautau pakeke, ngā oumu, ngā SEM, ngā TMA, ngā DSC, ngā whakamātautau ultrasonic, ngā taputapu whakarewa, ngā pūmanawa tātari rauemi, me ngā taputapu whakamātautau waikura, ka taea e ngā kaipūtaiao me ngā miihini te ako me te arotau i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ngā konganuku me ō rātou koranu. Mā tēnei ka taea te hoahoa me te whakaputa rauemi pai ake, pono ake hoki mō ngā tono ahumahi me ngā tono arumoni.
