Te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā Mīhini Asynchronous me ngā Mīhini Tukutahi
I te ao hangarau hiko, inā koa i roto i ngā pūnaha hiko me ngā puku motuka ahumahi, he maha ngā wā ka puta ngā kupu mīhini kore-tukutahi me ngā mīhini tukutahi. He mīhini aukume tauutuutu (AC) e rua e mahi ana i runga i te kaupapa o te hurihuri i ngā papa aukume, engari he rerekē rawa atu i roto i te whakaputanga taipana, te tere hurihuri, te hanganga rotor, ngā āhuatanga whakahaere, me ngā tono papa. He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei rerekētanga hei whiriwhiri i te mīhini tika mō ō hiahia kawenga, whai huatanga, whakahaere, me te utu.
1. Te Mārama ki ngā Mīhini Ā-Whakaoho (Whakaoho)
Ko ngā mīhini kore-tukutahi e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko ngā motuka whakapūngao. Ko te tikanga o te kupu "kore-tukutahi" kāore te tere hurihuri o te rotor i rite ki te tere o te papa aukume hurihuri i roto i te stator (e kiia ana ko te tere tukutahi). Ko te mahi a ēnei mīhini i runga i te whakapūngao hikohiko: ka puta ngā ia rotor nā te rerekētanga o te tere i waenga i te papa stator hurihuri me te rotor. Ka kiia tēnei rerekētanga tere he paheke.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā motuka hiko whakapūmau nā te mea he māmā te hanga, he kaha, he ngāwari ki te tiaki, ā, he iti te utu.
2. Te Whakamāramatanga o te Mīhini Tukutahi
He mīhini tukutahi te mīhini AC e huri ana te rotor i te tere ōrite ki te tere aukume o te stator, nō reira e kiia ana he "tukutahi". Kia "maukati" ai te rotor ki te mara aukume o te stator, me whai i tana ake mara aukume, e ahu mai ana i:
1. Iahiko whakaoho DC (mā ngā mowhiti paheke, mā te whakaoho kore paraihe rānei), rānei
2. Aukume tuturu (i roto i ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu).
Ka taea e ngā mīhini tukutahi te mahi hei mōta me hei whakaputa hiko. I roto i ngā tipu hiko, he wāhanga matua ngā whakaputa hiko tukutahi nā te mea ka whakaputa auau me te ngaohiko tonu i runga i te tere hurihuri.
3. Te Rerekētanga o te Mātāpono Mahi: Paheke me te Maukati Tukutahi
Ko te rerekētanga matua kei roto i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tere o te rotor me te tere o te mara stator.
– I roto i tētahi mīhini kore-tukutahi, me whakaroa te rotor i te tere tukutahi kia puta ai ngā iahiko ki roto i te rotor, kia puta ai he taipana. Ki te kore he paheke, kāore he ngaohiko whakaputa i roto i te rotor, nō reira kāore he taipana.
– I roto i te mīhini tukutahi, ka "raka" te rotor ki te mara hurihuri o te stator. Kia tukutahi, ka noho pūmau tōna tere, e whai ana i te auau o te pūtake hiko.
Ā-kaupapa:
– Ā-kore: me paheke hei whakaputa i te taipana
– Tukutahi: kāore e hiahiatia he paheke i te wā e mahi pumau ana
4. Te Tere o te Hurihanga me te Pūmautanga o te Tere
Ka whakatauhia te tere tukutahi e te auau me te maha o ngā pou:
\[
n_s = \frac{120 f}{P}
\]
ko te rpm te rpm, ko te auau (Hz) te auau (n), ā, ko te maha o ngā pou te maha o ngā porowhita o te \(n_s\).
– Mōta whakapūmau: he iti iho te tere i te \(n_s\), ā, ka rerekē i runga i te kawenga (ka nui ake te paheke, ka heke te tere ki te taumaha o te kawenga).
– Mōta tukutahi: ko tōna tere he rite tonu ki te \(n_s\), kāore e rerekē ahakoa te rerekētanga o te kawenga (mēnā kāore e neke ake i te rohe taipana mōrahi, te "taipana kume-atu" rānei).
Nō reira, ki te hiahia te tono i tētahi tere tino pumau, he pai ake te whakamahi i tētahi motuka tukutahi.
5. Hanganga Rotor: Whare Pakurere vs Whakaohooho
He nui hoki ngā rerekētanga o te hanganga rotor:
Rotoru Mīhini Ā-kore
Whakamahia whānuitia:
– Te hurihuri whare tīwharawhara: he mea hono ngā pae ara iahiko mā ngā mowhiti pito, he pakari, ā, he iti noa te tiaki e hiahiatia ana.
– Kei reira anō hoki he rotor takai hei whakatikatika i te taipana tuatahi, hei whakahaere rānei i tētahi momo mana.
Rota Mīhini Tukutahi
Me whai pūtake aukume te rotor:
– Rotora whawhati me te whakaoho DC
– te rotor rānei me te aukume tuturu
Nā te noho mai o tētahi pūnaha whakaoho, he uaua ake ngā mīhini tukutahi, ā, me whai mana tāpiri.
6. Tikanga Tīmata
He tino māmā te tīmata i ngā motuka whakapūngao:
– Ka taea te hono tika ki te pūtake (DOL) mō ngā rahi iti-waenga,
– whakamahia rānei te whetū-delta, te whakawhiti-ā-ringa, te tīmatanga ngohengohe, te inverter/VFD rānei hei whakaiti i te iahiko tīmatanga.
He uaua ake te tīmata i ngā motuka tukutahi nā te mea kāore te rotor i "tukutahi" i te tīmatanga:
– He maha ngā motuka tukutahi e whakamahi ana i ngā tikanga tīmatanga pērā i te takai whakatārewatanga, ngā motuka āwhina, ngā VFD rānei hei whakanui haere i te auau ki te tukutahi.
Nō reira, mai i te taha mahi o te tīmatanga, he māmā ake ngā motuka arataki.
7. Te Tauwehe Mana me te Whakahaere Tauhohenga
Ko tētahi painga nui o tētahi mīhini tukutahi ko tōna kaha ki te whakahaere i te tauwehenga mana.
– He āhua whakaroa te mana o ngā motuka hiko whakaawe (inductive), inā koa i ngā kawenga māmā, nā te mea me whai iahiko aukume mai i te whatunga.
– Ka taea te whakahaere i te whakaohooho o ngā motuka tukutahi:
– Kāore i te tino hihiri → whakaroa
– Te tino whakaohooho → te ārahi (ka taea te tuku mana tauhohe)
Nō reira, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā motuka tukutahi hei whakapūmau tukutahi hei whakapai ake i ngā tauwehenga mana me te tautoko i te whakahaere ngaohiko pūnaha mana.
8. Te Whai Hua me te Tiaki
I te nuinga o te wā:
– Ngā motuka whakapūngao: he tino pai te mahi, engari he ngaronga rotor nā ngā iahiko whakapūngao me te paheke. Mō ngā tono whānui, he tino pai te mahi, inā koa i roto i ngā hoahoa o te akomanga IE3/IE4 hou.
– Ngā mōtini tukutahi: ka tino pai te whai huatanga, inā koa ngā mōtini tukutahi aukume tuturu nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia he iahiko rotor mō te whakaoho, ā, he iti ake ngā mate rotor.
Heoi, ko ngā motuka tukutahi te tikanga:
- he nui ake te utu,
– ngā pūnaha whakahaere me te whakaohooho uaua ake,
– ka taea te whakarite i te tiaki kia tino tika ake (ina koa mō te rotor whakaoho me te pūnaha whakakaha).
9. Te Utu me te Uauatanga o te Pūnaha
Mai i te tirohanga ōhanga me te whakatinanatanga:
– Ngā mīhini kore-tukutahi: he iti ake ngā utu tīmatanga, he ngāwari te tāutanga, he pai mō ngā hiahia ahumahi whānui.
– Ngā mīhini tukutahi: he nui ake ngā utu tīmatanga nā te whakaoho, te whakahaere, me te hanganga rotor. Heoi, i roto i ētahi tono, ka taea e te penapena pūngao, te whakahaere i te tauwehenga mana, me te pumau tere te whakapai ake i te utu katoa o te mana (TCO).
10. Ngā Whakamahinga Whānui i roto i te Ahumahi
Ngā Taupānga Mīhini Ā-kore
– Ngā papu, ngā pā hau, ngā pupuhi hau
– Kaikawe
– Pūwhakakoi
– Ngā mīhini whakaputa whānui
Nā te mea he pakari, he iti te utu, he ngāwari hoki te whakahaere, kua noho ko ngā motuka hiko whakaawe te "mōta a te iwi" i roto i te ahumahi.
Ngā Taupānga Mīhini Tukutahi
- Kaihanga i roto i nga tipu hiko (PLTU, PLTA, PLTG, PLTD nui)
– Ngā puku mīhini tere pumau: ngā pūwero nui, ngā mira, ētahi mīhini kuru
– Whakapai ake i te tauwehenga mana (whakapūtāhui tukutahi)
– Ngā tono tino whai hua: ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu i roto i ngā pūnaha hou (HVAC utu nui, ētahi waka hiko, me ngā ahumahi e hiahia ana kia tino whai hua)
Whakamutunga
Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā mīhini kore-tukutahi me ngā mīhini tukutahi kei roto i te whanaungatanga o te tere hurihuri ki te tere o te papa aukume stator. Me paheke ngā mīhini kore-tukutahi hei whakaputa taipana, nō reira he iti ake te tere i te tere tukutahi, ā, ka rerekē haere i runga i te kawenga. I taua wā, ka huri tika ngā mīhini tukutahi i te tere tukutahi, e tuku ana i ngā tere tino pumau me te kaha ki te whakahaere i te tauwehenga mana mā te whakaoho.
I roto i ngā kupu mahi, he tino pai ngā motuka hiko whakaawe i roto i te māmā, te pakari, me te utu, ko ngā motuka hiko tukutahi ia he tino pai ki te pumau o te tere, te whakahaere i te mana tauhohe, me te kaha ki te whai hua nui i roto i ētahi tono. Ko te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu kei runga i ō hiahia: ko te utu me te māmā ngā mea matua, ko te mahi, te whai hua, me te whakahaere pūnaha hiko ngā mea matua.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina mā te tāpiri i tētahi ripanga whakatairite tere, he tauira tātaitanga tere tukutahi, he taunakitanga kōwhiringa motuka rānei mō tētahi take ahumahi motuhake.
