Te Hiranga o ngā Mīhini Turing i roto i te Rorohiko
I tēnei ao hangarau o ēnei rā, kua tino rerekē te ariā me te whanaketanga o ngā mīhini i roto i te rautau kua hipa. He maha o ēnei whanaketanga ka taea te whai i muri i tētahi ariā matua i titoa e tētahi tohunga pāngarau mohio i te tīmatanga o te rautau 20. Ko te mīhini Turing, i whakaarohia e Alan Turing i te tau 1936, kua waiho hei tūāpapa mō te whanaketanga o ngā rorohiko hou me te ariā o te tatau. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga te hiranga o te mīhini Turing i roto i te rorohiko, me te tūhura i tōna hītori, ōna mātāpono mahi, me tōna pānga ki te hangarau mōhiohio me te rorohiko.
Hītori o ngā Mīhini Turing
He tohunga pāngarau, he tohunga arorau, he tohunga tātaritanga kupu huna a Alan Turing, ā, he mahi nui tāna ki te wawahi i te waehere Enigma i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Engari i mua i tōna rironga hei toa pakanga, i takoha a Turing i tētahi whakaaro hou i whakarerekē i te huarahi o te hītori rorohiko. I roto i tana pepa rangahau, "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem," i whakaurua e Turing te ariā o tētahi mīhini whakapae e mōhiotia nei ko te Mīhini Turing.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Mīhini Turing
He tauira ariā te mīhini Turing o tētahi rorohiko e taea ai te whakahaere i ngā rauropi. He rīpene roa kua wehea ki ngā pūtau, kei ia pūtau he tohu mai i tētahi arapū mutunga kore. He pane pānui/tuhi anō hoki tō te mīhini e neke ana i te rīpene, e pānui ana, e tuhi ana hoki i ngā tohu, e whakarerekē ana hoki i tōna āhua mahi i runga i tētahi huinga ture kua whakaritea.
Ngā Wāhanga Mīhini Turing
1. Rīpene: He taputapu rokiroki raraunga te rīpene, ā, ka taea te kī he mutunga kore te roa. Ko tēnei rīpene te mahara o tētahi mīhini Turing.
2. Tuhi/Pānui Upoko: Ka neke tēnei upoko i te rīpene, ka pānui i ngā tohu i roto i tētahi pūtau motuhake, ka whakakapi i aua tohu kia rite ki ngā tohutohu kua hoatu.
3. Huinga Tohutohu: Koinei ngā ture e whakatau ana i te mahi a te mīhini i runga i ngā tohu e pānuihia ana e ia me te āhua o roto o te mīhini. E toru ngā mahi e arahina ana e ia tohutohu: te tuhi i tētahi tohu hou, te neke i te upoko ki maui, ki matau rānei, me te whakarerekē i te āhua o te mīhini.
Nā tēnei huarahi māmā engari hou i āhei ai a Turing ki te whakamārama i te mana rorohiko i tōna āhua taketake. Ka taea e te mīhini Turing te mahi i ngā tatau katoa e taea ana me tētahi atu mīhini, mena ka hoatu he wā me te mahara nui. Nō reira, ko tēnei mīhini te tūāpapa o te rorohiko hou.
Te Awe ki te Ariā Rorohiko
Ko tētahi o ngā takoha nui a te Mīhini Turing ko te ariā o te tatau, inā koa mō ngā mea ka taea e te rorohiko te tatau, me ngā mea kāore e taea.
Te Ariā Whakakore Whakatau
I roto i tana tuhinga, i whakamāramahia anō e Turing ētahi raruraru kāore e taea te whakaoti e tētahi mīhini, tae atu ki tētahi mīhini Turing. Ko tētahi tauira matarohia ko te Whakamutu i te Raru, e pā ana ki te whakatau mēnā ka mutu, ka rere rānei tētahi hōtaka rorohiko ake ake. I whakaatu a Turing kāore he rauropi whānui e taea te whakaoti i tēnei raruraru mō ngā hōtaka me ngā whakaurunga katoa.
Tauira Ao Whānui
Nā te ariā o te mīhini Turing anō hoki i ara ake ai te whakaaro mō tētahi mīhini Turing whānui, he mīhini Turing ka taea te whakatauira i ētahi atu mīhini Turing. Koinei te pūtake o ngā rorohiko hou, he maha ngā tukatuka whānui e āhei ana ki te whakahaere i ngā momo kaupapa.
Pānga ki te Hangarau Rorohiko Hou
Ehara i te mea he ariā anake ngā takoha a Turing engari he mahi anō hoki. Kua tino awehia tō tātou māramatanga ki te rorohiko me tana mahi e ngā whakaaro o Turing.
Rorohiko Whānui
I mua i a Turing, he maha ngā taputapu i hangaia hei mahi i ngā mahi tino motuhake, pērā i ngā tātaitai miihini, i te miihini tātari rānei a Babbage. Heoi, nā te mātāpono a Turing, kua whai rorohiko whānui tātou ka taea te tohutohu ki te mahi i ngā momo tātaitanga maha. Koinei te mātāpono taketake i muri i ngā rorohiko hou—he pūnaha ka taea te whakarite hei whakahaere i te whānuitanga o ngā tono, mai i te tukatuka kupu ki ngā whakatauira ahupūngao uaua.
Reo hōtaka
I awe anō hoki ngā whakaaro o Turing i te whanaketanga o ngā reo hōtaka. Ko ia hōtaka rorohiko he huinga tohutohu e ārahi ana i te rorohiko ki te mahi i ngā mahi motuhake, pērā i te mīhini Turing e ārahihia ana e tētahi huinga tohutohu. Ko ngā reo hōtaka taumata teitei pērā i a Python, Java, me C++ he whakarāpopototanga o ngā ariā taketake i whakaahuahia e Turing.
Intelligence Artificial
Hei paionia i te ao o te AI, nā Turing anō hoki i whakatakoto te ara mō te whanaketanga o te matauranga horihori. Ko te whakamātautau Turing, i whakatakotoria e Turing, he tikanga hei whakatau mena ka taea e te mīhini te whai i te matauranga tangata. Ahakoa he tino matatau ake te AI i ēnei rā, kei te whai tikanga tonu ngā whakaaro taketake a Turing i roto i te whanaketanga o te ako mīhini me ētahi atu rauropi AI.
Te Hiranga i te Wā Hou
I a tātou e anga whakamua ana ki te ao matihiko, kāore te hangarau rorohiko e herea noa ki ngā rorohiko papamahi, ki ngā waea atamai rānei. Ko te Ipurangi o ngā Mea (IoT), te rorohiko kapua, me ngā whatunga io katoa e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā mātāpono taketake i whakatakotoria e Turing.
Rorohiko Kuantum
Ināianei kei te tīmata tātou ki te tūhura i ngā rohe o ngā momo tatau matatini ake, pērā i te rorohiko irahiko. Ahakoa he rerekē rawa atu i te rorohiko tawhito, ko ngā mātāpono i whakaarohia e Turing he tīmatanga tonu mō te mārama me te whakawhanake i ngā mīhini irahiko.
Mātauranga me te Rangahau
Ko te ariā o te mīhini Turing he wāhanga nui tonu o te marautanga pūtaiao rorohiko. Ka akohia e ngā ākonga o te ao katoa te mīhini Turing hei tūāpapa mō ngā rauropi matatini me te ariā rorohiko. Kua noho hoki hei taputapu rangahau nui, hei āwhina i ngā kaipūtaiao ki te mārama ki ngā herenga me te pūmanawa o te rorohiko.
Te Mātauranga Horihori me ngā Tikanga Matatika
I te tere o te whanaketanga o te matauranga horihori, kua ara ake anō ngā pātai mō ngā tikanga matatika i roto i te rorohiko. Ko ngā whakaaro o Turing mō te taunekeneke i waenga i te tangata me ngā mīhini te pūtake mō tēnei kōrero. Ka taea e ngā mīhini te mārama ki te tikanga? Ki tehea te nui e taea ai e tātou te whakawhirinaki ki ngā rauropi ki te whakatau i ngā whakataunga nui? He mea nui tonu ēnei pātai i a tātou e anga whakamua ana i te ao matihiko.
Whakamutunga
Ko te Mīhini Turing tētahi o ngā ariā tino taketake o te pūtaiao rorohiko me te hangarau mōhiohio. Nā tēnei ariā māmā engari he auaha i āhei ai tātou ki te mārama ki ngā rohe o te tatau, ā, i whakatakoto i te ara mō te whanaketanga o ngā rorohiko hou me ngā hangarau matatau ake. Mai i te ariā tatau ki ngā tono mahi, mai i te mātauranga ki te rangahau matatau, kāore e taea te whakanui rawa i te awe o te Mīhini Turing.
Ki te titiro whakamua, ko ngā mātāpono i ārahihia e Alan Turing kei te ārahi tonu i a tātou i a tātou e anga atu ana ki ngā wero me ngā whai wāhitanga hou i roto i tētahi ao matihiko e tino uaua haere ana. He tohu ora tēnei e taea ai e tētahi whakaaro pai, ahakoa he whakaaro māmā noa iho, te pumau me te tupu haere i tua atu i te wā me te hangarau.
Nō reira, ehara i te mea he wāhanga noa iho te Mīhini Turing o te hītori rorohiko engari he tūāpapa nui anō hoki mō te mārama me te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau o te heke mai.
