## Hītori o te Rangahau Moana i Initonīhia
### Ngā Tīmatanga Tūatahi
He hononga tata te hītori o te rangahau moana i Initonīhia ki te nui o te kanorau koiora o te moutere me ngā tikanga tuku iho moana whai rawa. Neke atu i te 17,000 ngā moutere o Initonīhia, e tū ana i te taha o te ekueta, ā, e whakamanamana ana ia ki ētahi o ngā pūnaha rauropi moana tino kanorau o te ao.
Ko ngā tūhuratanga moana tuatahi ka taea te whai i ngā mātauranga taketake i whakawhanakehia e ngā hapori o te rohe. Ko ngā kaiwhakatere moana o mua, tae atu ki ngā Bugis me ngā Moluccas, i mōhio ki te whakatere i te rangi, ā, i mārama hoki ki ngā tauira uaua o ngā tai me ngā ia. He mātauranga hōhonu anō hoki tō ēnei hapori mō ngā momo ika moana, i tukuna iho i roto i ngā whakatipuranga.
### Te Wā Koroni: Ngā Tūhuratanga o Ūropi
I te wā koroni, ka tīmata te rangahau moana i te wāhi e kiia nei ko Indonesia i ēnei rā ki te whai i tētahi āhua pūnaha ake. I aro nui te Kamupene Inia Rawhiti o Tatimana (VOC) me te whakahaere koroni o muri mai ki te mahere me te mārama ki ngā rauemi moana o te rohe.
I te mutunga o te rautau 19 me te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, i whakahaerehia e ngā kaipūtaiao Tatimana ngā rangahau koiora moana matua. He mea nui, ko te Haerenga Siboga (1899-1900), i arahina e Max Carl Wilhelm Weber, tētahi o ngā haerenga rangahau moana nui tuatahi i te motu. Ko ngā kitenga rangahau mai i tēnei me ngā mahi pera i whakatakoto i te mātauranga taketake mō te kanorau koiora moana o Initonīhia, me te arotahi ki ngā toka korara, ngā momo ika, me ētahi atu rauropi moana.
### I muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao: Te Whānautanga o ngā Whare Moana Hou
I whakapuakina te mana motuhake o Initonīhia i te tau 1945. I ngā tau i muri mai, i whakatūria ngā umanga pūtaiao hou hei whakatairanga i te rangahau moana. Ko te whakatūnga o te Whare Wānanga Pūtaiao o Initonīhia (LIPI) i te tau 1967 te tīmatanga o tētahi wā hou. He mea nui a LIPI ki te whakahaere rangahau moana, me te ruku hohonu ki ngā momo mara pērā i te rauropi moana, te hī ika, me te omoana.
I taua wā anō, ka tīmata ngā whare wānanga pērā i te Bogor Agricultural Institute (IPB) me te Universitas Indonesia ki te tuku kaupapa pūtaiao moana, hei poipoi i tētahi whakatipuranga hou o ngā kaipūtaiao moana o Indonesia.
### Ngā tau 1970-1980: Te Whānuitanga o ngā Pae
I ngā tau 1970 me 1980, i tino whānui te rangahau moana o Initonīhia. I kite te kāwanatanga i te hiranga o ngā rauemi moana mō te whanaketanga o te motu. I tēnei wā i whakarewahia ai ngā aromatawai rauemi moana whānui.
Ko tētahi o ngā kaupapa whakahirahira ko te kaupapa CORINDON (Rangahautanga ki ngā Takutai Korara i Initonīhia) i tīmatahia i te tekau tau atu i 1970. He mahi tahi tēnei kaupapa i waenganui i ngā kaipūtaiao o Initonīhia me ngā tohunga o te ao, e aro ana ki te hiranga o ngā takai korara ki te taiao me te pāpori-ōhanga. Kāore i te whakarei ake te kaupapa CORINDON i te māramatanga pūtaiao anake, engari i whakaatu anō hoki i te hiahia nui mō te tiaki i ngā takai korara.
### Ngā tau 1990: Ngā Mahi Tahi o te Ao me ngā Whakatairanga Hangarau
I te tekau tau atu i 1990, i kitea te pikinga ake o ngā mahi tahi o te ao me ngā whanaketanga hangarau. I whai wāhi a Indonesia ki ētahi kaupapa moana nui o te ao pērā i te Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) me te raupapa haerenga moana o Indonesia-East Timor-Ahitereiria, ā, i hua ake ai he takoha nui ki te pūtaiao moana o te ao.
I tēnei wā, ka tīmata anō a Indonesia ki te whakamahi i te hangarau amiorangi mō te rangahau moana. Nā ngā hangarau pūoko mamao i taea ai te aroturuki nui i ngā taiao moana, ā, ka whakaratohia he raraunga nui mō te whakahaere i ngā mahi hī ika me ngā toka korara.
### Ngā tau 2000 ki mua: Te Whakatika i ngā Wero Taiao
I te tīmatanga o te rautau 21, i piki ake te mōhiotanga ki ngā wero taiao, pērā i te huringa āhuarangi, te parahanga moana, me te hī ika nui rawa. Ko Indonesia kei te taha mua o ngā mahi ki te whakatika i ēnei take mā te rangahau moana.
I te tau 2001, i whakatūria te Manatū Moana me te Hī Ika (KKP), hei whakakotahi i ngā mahi hei whakahaere i ngā rauemi moana kia tauwhiro. He mahi nui tā te KKP, me te mahi tahi me ngā rōpū ā-motu me te ao, ki te whakawhanake i ngā rohe tiaki moana (MPA) me te whakatinana i ngā kaupapa here mō te hī ika tauwhiro.
Ko tētahi kaupapa nui ko te Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI-CFF), i whakarewaina i te tau 2009. He hononga mahi tahi maha-taha te CTI-CFF e uru ana ki a Initonīhia me ētahi atu whenua i roto i te rohe o te Coral Triangle, e whai ana ki te aro atu ki ngā tūmomo riri ki ngā rauemi moana me te takutai moana.
### Ngā Whanaketanga Hou me ngā Aronga ā-Mārama
Ahakoa te nui o ngā ahunga whakamua, he nui tonu ngā wero. Kua noho te parahanga moana, inā koa ko ngā para kirihou, hei take nui. Kua kaha te whai wāhi atu a Initonīhia ki ngā rangahau me ngā kaupapa hei whakatau i te parahanga moana. Kei te whakawhanakehia ngā auahatanga me ngā kaupapa here hei whakaiti i ngā para kirihou me te whakapai ake i ngā pūnaha whakahaere para.
Ko tētahi atu wāhanga rangahau hou ko te hangarau koiora moana. Kei te tūhuratia e ngā kaipūtaiao o Initonīhia te pūmanawa o ngā rauropi moana mō ngā rongoā, ngā wahie koiora, me ētahi atu whakamahinga. Kei mua i te aroaro o ēnei rangahau hou ngā umanga pēnei i te Whare Wānanga o Ngā Pūtaiao o Initonīhia (LIPI) me te Whare Wānanga Ahuwhenua o Bogor.
Heoi anō, kua mōhiotia te whakaurunga o ngā mātauranga tuku iho me ngā pūtaiao hou. Kei te whakaurua haeretia te māramatanga o ngā hapori taketake ki ngā pūnaha rauropi moana ki roto i ngā mahi rangahau pūtaiao me te whakahaere rauemi.
Kua whakanuia hoki e te kāwanatanga o Initonīhia te hiranga o ngā mātāpono ōhanga kikorangi, me te whakataurite i te tipu ōhanga me te oranga tonutanga o te taiao. Kua noho te whakamahere ā-wāhi moana hei taputapu nui mō tēnei kaupapa, kia mōhio ai kei te whakamahia ngā rauemi moana me te takutai moana i runga i te oranga tonutanga me te ōritetanga.
### Whakamutunga
Ko te hītori o te rangahau moana i Indonesia he tohu mō te taonga tuku iho moana o te motu me tōna whakapau kaha ki te mārama me te tiaki i ōna rauemi moana nui. Mai i ngā mātauranga taketake o mua me ngā tūhuratanga pūtaiao o te koroni ki te wā hou o ngā whanaketanga hangarau me ngā mahi tahi o te ao, kua tino whanake te rangahau moana o Indonesia.
I a Indonesia e whakatere ana i ngā uauatanga o ngā wero taiao me te whakahaere rauemi moana i te rautau 21, he mea nui te haumi tonu ki te rangahau moana, te auahatanga kaupapa here, me te mahi tahi o te ao. He mea nui ēnei mahi, ehara i te mea mō te whanaketanga pumau o Indonesia anake, engari mō te māramatanga me te tiaki a te hapori o te ao i ngā taiao moana.
