### Ngā Take e Whakararuraru Ana i te Mahanatanga o te Ao i te Moana
Ko te whakamahana ā-ao te pikinga roa o te pāmahana toharite o te mata o te Ao nā ngā mahi a te tangata, pērā i te tahunga o ngā wahie pūmua me te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere, e whakapiki ana i ngā taumata o ngā hau kati kōtuhi i te āhuarangi. Ahakoa he nui te aro e aro ana ki te whakamahana o te āhuarangi, kei te pā nui hoki te whakamahana ā-ao ki ngā moana o te ao. Tata ki te 70% o te mata o te Ao e kapi ana i ngā moana, ā, he mahi nui tā rātou ki te whakahaere i te āhuarangi me te pāmahana o te ao. He mea nui te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga e hua ai te whakamahana ā-ao i te moana hei whakatakoto rautaki hei whakaiti i ngā pānga.
#### 1. Te Pikinga o ngā Taumata CO2 i te Āhuarangi
Ko tētahi o ngā take matua e akiaki ana i te mahana o te ao i roto i te moana ko te pikinga o te kukū o te hauhā waro (CO2) i roto i te āhuarangi. Nā ngā mahi a te tangata, inā koa ko te tahunga o ngā wahie pūmua pēnei i te waro, te hinu, me te hau māori, tae atu ki te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere, kua tino piki ake ngā taumata CO2 i te āhuarangi. Ko ngā moana te puna waro, e mimiti ana i te hauwhā o te CO2 e tukuna ana e ngā mahi a te tangata. Ahakoa ka āwhina tēnei tukanga ki te whakaiti i te nui o te mahana o te ao, ka arahi ki te waikawa o te moana me te pikinga o te pāmahana o te wai.
Ina rewa te CO2 ki roto i te wai moana, ka puta he waikawa waro, ka whakaheke i te pH o te wai, ka whakararuraru hoki i ngā rauropi moana. Hei tāpiri, ko te nui haere o te CO2 ka whai wāhi ki te matotoru ake o te paparanga kati kōtuhi o te āhuarangi, ka mau te wera nui ake, ā, ka piki ake te pāmahana o te moana.
#### 2. Te Pānga Whare Katiariki Whakarei Ake
He mea nui ngā hau kati kōtuhi pēnei i te CO2, te methane (CH4), me te hauota hauota (N2O) hei oranga mō te ao mā te pupuri i ētahi o ngā wera o te Rā ki te āhuarangi. Heoi, nā ngā mahi a te tangata i whakapiki ake te kukū o ēnei hau, ka kaha ake te pānga kati kōtuhi, ā, ka hua ake te mahana haere o te ao, tae atu ki ngā moana.
Nā te kaha ake o te pānga kati kōtuhi, ka nui ake te wera e mau ana i te āhuarangi, ā, ka whakawhitia ētahi ki te mata o te moana. Ka pā kino tēnei pikinga o te pāmahana o te mata ki ngā mea ora o te moana, ki ngā tauira huarere, me ngā pūnaha āhuarangi o te ao.
#### 3. Ngā Huringa o te Whakawhitinga o te Moana
He mea nui te mahi a ngā ia o te moana ki te tohatoha i te wera huri noa i te ao. Ko te Thermohaline Circulation, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te "whitiki kawe o te ao", e pā ana ki te nekehanga o ngā wai mata mahana me ngā wai hohonu matao puta noa i te ao. Kei te whakararuraru te mahana o te ao i ēnei ia, nā ngā huringa o te pāmahana me te tote te nuinga.
Mā te rewa o ngā hukapapa o te pito o te moana, nā te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka tāpirihia he wai māori ki ngā moana, ka whakaitihia te tote me te whakarerekē i te mātotoru o te wai moana. He iti ake te mātotoru o te wai māori i te wai tote, ka taea e tēnei te whakararuraru i te totohu o ngā wai matao, tote i te Moana Ataratiki ki te Raki – he mea nui tēnei hei akiaki i te Tohanga Thermohaline. I te ngoikore, i te rerekētanga rānei o tēnei tohanga, ka taea e ia te whakarerekē i te āhuarangi ā-rohe, ka pā ki te tohatoha o te wera, ka whai wāhi atu ki te mahana o te moana.
#### 4. Te Whakaiti i te Pānga Albedo Hukapapa
Ko te albedo hukapapa e pā ana ki te whakaata o ngā taupoki hukapapa me ngā awaawa hukarere o te Ao. Ka whakaatahia e ngā mata hukapapa mā te wāhanga nui o te hihi o te rā ki te wāhi, ka āwhina ki te pupuri i te matao o te Ao. I te pikinga ake o te pāmahana o te ao, ka rewa ngā taupoki hukapapa me ngā awaawa hukarere i ngā tere kāore i kitea i mua, ka whakaiti i te albedo whānui o te Ao, te whakaata rānei.
I te iti o te hukapapa hei whakaata i te rā, ka nui ake te pūngao o te rā e mimitihia ana e ngā wai moana pouri, ka tere ake te tukanga whakamahana. Ko tēnei porowhita urupare – te wāhi e rewa ai te hukapapa i te whakamahana, ā, ka nui ake te whakamahana – he mea nui tēnei ki te pikinga o te pāmahana o te moana.
#### 5. Te Whanuitanga Wera
I te pikinga ake o te pāmahana o te moana nā te mahana o te ao, ka whānui haere te wai nā ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana. Ko te whānuitanga wera te take o te pikinga nui o te taumata o te moana. He nui ake te wāhi e nohoia ana e te wai mahana i te wai matao, ā, ka whai wāhi tēnei ki te rahinga o te moana me te pikinga o te taumata o te moana.
Ka taea e tēnei pikinga o te rahinga o te moana te whakanui ake i ngā pānga o te horo o te takutai, ngā ngaru nui, me te waipuke, ka pā kino ki ngā hapori takutai me ngā nohonga moana. Hei tāpiri, ko te pikinga o ngā taumata o te moana ka arahi ki te ngaronga o ngā pūnaha rauropi takutai pērā i ngā mangrove me ngā repo tote, he mea nui ēnei hei ārai i ngā tupuhi me te tiaki i te horo.
#### 6. Te Parahanga Matū
Ko ngā matū poke mai i te rerenga wai ahuwhenua, ngā tukanga ahumahi, me te horapa o ngā tāone nui ka mutu ki ngā moana. Mēnā ka nui rawa ngā matūkai pēnei i te hauota me te whākawa, ka arahi pea ki te eutrophication – he tipu nui o te rimurimu e whakaiti ana i te hāora i roto i te wai, ā, ka hanga he "rohe mate" e kore ai e ora ngā mea ora i roto i te wai.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka pā tika ngā poke pēnei i ngā konganuku taumaha, ngā kirihou, me ngā matū kino ki te kaha o ngā momo moana ki te tupu me te whakaputa uri. Ka taea e ēnei huringa te whakarerekē i ngā whatunga kai, te whakaiti i te kanorau koiora, me te whakaiti i te kaha o ngā pūnaha rauropi moana ki te pupuri i te waro me te tu atu ki ngā huringa pāmahana.
#### 7. Te Hī Ika Nui me te Whakangaromanga Nohoanga
Ko ngā mahi a te tangata pēnei i te hī ika nui rawa me te whakangaromanga o ngā nohoanga ka whai wāhi ā-korekore ki te mahana o te ao i te moana. Ka whakararuraru te hī ika nui i ngā whatunga kai moana, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te taupori o ngā momo matua e whai wāhi nui ana ki ngā rauropi moana. Hei tauira, ko te whakaiti i ngā taupori ika e kai ana i ngā rimurimu ka arahi ki te pikinga o te puāwaitanga rimurimu, ka taea te whakanui ake i te eutrophication me te whai wāhi ki te mahana o te moana.
Ko te whakangaromanga o ngā nohoanga, ahakoa mā te whakawhanaketanga takutai, te keri whenua, ngā mahi hī ika whakangaro pēnei i te hī ika i raro i te wai, ka whakararuraru hoki i ngā pūnaha rauropi moana. Ko ngā toka korara me ngā ngahere mangrove, e mahi ana hei pūnga waro me te tiaki i ngā pānga o te āhuarangi, he tino ngoikore. Mā tō rātou whakangaromanga ka whakaitihia te kaha o te moana ki te whakaiti i te huringa āhuarangi, ā, ka whakanuia ake te ngoikore ki te pikinga o te pāmahana.
#### Whakamutunga
He take maha ngā āhuatanga o te mahana o te ao i roto i te moana, ā, he maha ngā āhuatanga i ahu mai i te huinga o ngā āhuatanga tae atu ki te pikinga o ngā taumata CO2 i te āhuarangi, te whakanui ake i te pānga kati kōtuhi, te whakararuraru i te rere o te wai i roto i te moana, te whakaiti i te hukapapa, te whānui o te wera, te parahanga matū, me te whakangaromanga o ngā nohoanga nā te tangata. Ka taunekeneke, ka whakanuia hoki e ia o ēnei āhuatanga tetahi ki tetahi, ka hangaia he taiao moana uaua, tere hoki te huri.
Ko te mārama me te whakaiti i ngā takoha a ēnei āhuatanga me whai mahi tahi ā-ao, me whai kaupapa here taiao pakari, me te whakapau kaha ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi. He hononga tūturu te hauora o ngā moana o te ao ki te hauora whānui o tō tātou ao, ā, he mea nui te aro atu ki ēnei take kia mau tonu ai te oranga tonutanga mō te katoa.
