Te Ariā Hihiri i roto i te Whakahaere Rauemi Tangata
He mea nui te hihiri i roto i te whakahaere rauemi tangata (HRM), e awe ana i te mahi takitahi me te whakahaere. He maha ngā ariā hihiri kua whakawhanakehia hei mārama ki ngā āhuatanga e akiaki ana i ngā kaimahi ki te mahi whai hua me te whai hua. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi ariā hihiri nui i roto i te HRM, tae atu ki te ariā hiahia a Maslow, te ariā rua-āhuatanga a Herzberg, te ariā tumanakohanga a Vroom, me te ariā whakapakari a Skinner.
Te Ariā o Maslow mō ngā Hiahia
Ko te ariā hihiri a Abraham Maslow tētahi o ngā mea rongonui i roto i te hinengaro me te whakahaere rauemi tangata. I whakaaro a Maslow he kaupapa whakarōpūtanga hiahia tō te tangata me whakatutuki, mai i te mea taketake ki te mea matatau. Ko te tikanga, ka whakaahuahia tēnei kaupapa whakarōpūtanga hei piramiti:
1. Ngā Hiahia ā-tinana: Koinei ngā hiahia matua mō te oranga, pērā i te kai, te inu, te moe, me te whakaputa uri.
2. Ngā Hiahia Haumaru: Kia tutukihia ngā hiahia ā-tinana, ka rapu te tangata i te haumaru tinana me te haumaru kare ā-roto, tae atu ki te tiakitanga mai i ngā tūmomo mōrearea me te pumau o te mahi.
3. Ngā Hiahia Hapori: He hiahia tō te tangata ki te taunekeneke ki ētahi atu tāngata, tae atu ki te whakahoahoa, te aroha, me te piripono ki te rōpū.
4. Ngā Hiahia Whakaute: Kia tutukihia ngā hiahia pāpori, ka rapu te tangata i te mihi me te whakamanawa mai i ētahi atu, tae atu ki te whakapono ki a ia anō me te whakaute ki a ia anō.
5. Ngā Hiahia Whakatutuki-i-Ana: Koinei te tihi o te raupapatanga hiahia a Maslow, e whai ana te tangata kia eke ki tōna pūmanawa katoa me te whakatutukitanga o ia ake.
I roto i te horopaki o te whakahaere HR, me mārama ngā kaiārahi whakahaere ki te tūranga o ā rātou kaimahi i roto i tēnei kaupapa whakarōpūtanga o ngā matea kia tika ai te whakahihiri. Hei tauira, mēnā kei te taumata hiahia pāpori te nuinga o ngā kaimahi, he huarahi whai hua pea ngā kaupapa hanga tīma me ngā mahi pāpori hei whakanui ake i tō rātou hihiri.
Te Ariā Tauwehe Rua a Herzberg
Nā Frederick Herzberg i whakawhanake te ariā tauwehe-rua, e mōhiotia ana ko te ariā hihiri-akuaku. I tautuhia e Herzberg ngā huinga āhuatanga e rua e awe ana i te hihiri mahi: ngā mea whakatenatena me ngā āhuatanga akuaku.
1. Ngā Take Whakahihiri: Ka ahu mai ēnei take i roto i te mahi tonu, ā, kei roto ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te whakatutukitanga, te mōhiotia, te mahi tonu, te kawenga, me ngā whai wāhitanga mō te tipu. Ka taea e ēnei take te whakanui ake i te pai o te mahi mēnā kei roto.
2. Ngā Take Akuaku: E pā ana ēnei take ki te taiao mahi, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā kaupapa here a te kamupene, te tirotiro, ngā whanaungatanga tangata, ngā tikanga mahi, me te utu. Mēnā kāore i te rawaka ēnei take, ka arahi pea ki te kore e makona i te mahi, engari kāore e tino whakapiki ake i te makona i te mahi.
I roto i tōna whakatinanatanga, me whakarite e ngā kaiwhakahaere HR kia tutukihia ngā āhuatanga akuaku hei ārai i te kore whakaae, me te arotahi anō hoki ki te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga whakahihiri hei whakapiki i te makona me te hihiri o ngā kaimahi.
Te Ariā Tumanako a Vroom
Nā Victor Vroom i whakawhanake te ariā o te tumanako, e arotahi ana ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā tumanakohanga a te tangata takitahi me te taumata o te whakapau kaha e whakapaua ana e rātou. E toru ngā wāhanga matua o tēnei ariā:
1. Te Tumanako: Ko te whakapono ka hua mai i te whakapau kaha he hua motuhake.
2. Ngā taputapu: Ko te whakapono ka puta he hua, he utu rānei i tētahi mahi motuhake.
3. Te uara, te hiranga rānei o te putanga, o te utu rānei ki te tangata takitahi.
Ko te tauira taketake o te ariā tumanakohanga ko:
\[ \text{Hihiri} = \text{Tūmanako} \times \text{Taonga Pūoro} \times \text{Whaiaotanga} \]
E kī ana tēnei ariā he mahi te hihiri e pā ana ki ngā wāhanga e toru. I roto i te whakahaere rauemi tangata, he mea nui kia whakarite ngā kaiwhakahaere kia whakapono ngā kaimahi ka whai hua ā rātou mahi, kia mōhiotia te mahi teitei, ā, kia whai uara ngā hua, ngā utu rānei e whiwhi ai rātou.
Te Ariā Whakakaha a Skinner
I whakawhanakehia e B.F. Skinner tētahi ariā whakapakari i ahu mai i ngā mātāpono ako whanonga. E kī ana tēnei ariā ka whakapakarihia te whanonga mā ngā hua pai, kino rānei. E whā ngā momo matua o te whakapakari:
1. Whakakaha Pai: Te whakarato i tētahi utu, i tētahi taonga rānei i muri i te puta o tētahi whanonga e hiahiatia ana hei whakanui ake i te tūponotanga ka whakahokia anōtia taua whanonga.
2. Whakakaha Kino: Te tango i tētahi āhuatanga kino, whiu rānei hei hua o tētahi whanonga e hiahiatia ana, hei whakanui ake i taua whanonga.
3. Whiu: Te whakarato i tētahi hua kino hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o tētahi whanonga kāore i te hiahiatia.
4. Te Ngaromanga: Te tango i ngā whakapakari pai kua hoatu i mua, kia iti ake ai te puta, kia ngaro atu rānei te whanonga kāore e hiahiatia.
Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere HR e whakamahi ana i te ariā whakapakari te whakanui ake i te hihiri o ngā kaimahi mā te whakarato i ngā utu e tika ana mō ngā whanonga e hiahiatia ana, me te whakaiti i te whakapakari mō ngā whanonga kāore i te hiahiatia.
Te Whakamahinga o te Ariā Hihiri i roto i te Whakahaere Rauemi Tangata
Ko te whakamahi i ēnei ariā whakahihiri ki te whakahaere HR me whai māramatanga hōhonu me te huarahi horopaki e hāngai ana ki te ahurea o te whakahaere me ngā hiahia takitahi o ngā kaimahi. Anei ētahi mahi ka taea e koe te mahi:
1. Aromatawai Hiahia: Te whakahaere tātaritanga o ngā hiahia o ngā kaimahi kia mārama ai rātou ki tō rātou tūranga i roto i te raupapatanga hiahia a Maslow. Ka taea tēnei mā te rangahau, te uiuinga, me te mātakitaki tika.
2. Taiao Mahi me te Ahurea: Te waihanga i tētahi taiao mahi pai mā te whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga akuaku e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te ariā āhuatanga-rua a Herzberg.
3. Te Pūmau me te Tika: Mā te whakarite kia whakatinanahia ngā kaupapa here whakapakari i runga i te ōritetanga me te tika, ka tautoko i te ariā whakapakari a Skinner. Me whakaaro ngā kaimahi ko ngā utu me ngā whiu e ahu mai ana i te mahi whai take.
4. Te Whakamihi me ngā Utu: Te whakarato i te whakamihi me ngā utu mō ngā whakatutukitanga a ngā kaimahi e ai ki te ariā rua-āhuatanga a Herzberg me te ariā tumanakohanga a Vroom.
5. Ngā Huarahi Whakawhanake: Te whakarato i ngā whai wāhitanga whakangungu me te whanaketanga mahi e tika ana hei tautoko i te tukanga whakatinanatanga whaiaro a te kaimahi e ai ki te ariā a Maslow.
6. Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Whai Hua: Te hanga i ngā hongere whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whai hua kia rongo ai ngā kaimahi i ā rātou kōrero, kia mau tonu ai hoki ō rātou hauora kare ā-roto, kia rite ai ki ngā hiahia pāpori o te kaupapa matua a Maslow.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te hihiri o ngā kaimahi ki te awe i te mahi me te angitu o te whakahaere. Mā te whakamahi i ngā ariā hihiri maha, pērā i te ariā o Maslow mō ngā matea, te ariā rua-āhuatanga a Herzberg, te ariā tumanakohanga a Vroom, me te ariā whakapakari a Skinner, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere HR te waihanga i ngā rautaki hihiri whai hua me te horopaki. Nō reira, ka taea e ngā whakahaere te whakatutuki i ā rātou whāinga me te whai hua ake mā roto i ngā kaimahi hihiri me te tino whakapau kaha.
