Ngā Mātāpono o te Whakahaere Pūtaiao
Pendahuluan
Ko te whakahaere pūtaiao, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te "Whakahaere Pūtaiao," he huarahi whakahaere i whakaurua tuatahitia e Frederick Winslow Taylor i te mutunga o te rautau 19 me te tīmatanga o te rautau 20. Nā Taylor, e mōhiotia ana ko te "Matua o te Whakahaere Pūtaiao," i whakawhanake i ēnei mātāpono hei whakautu i ngā ngoikoretanga i kitea e ia i roto i ngā mahi pakihi o tōna wā. Ko te whāinga o ēnei mātāpono he whakapiki i te hua me te whai huatanga mā te huarahi pūnaha, e ahu mai ana i te pūtaiao, ki te whakahaere i te mahi me ngā kaimahi.
Papamuri o te Whakahaere Pūtaiao
I mua i te whakatakoto a Taylor i te ariā o te whakahaere pūtaiao, ko te whakahaere mahi i ahu mai i te ture matua me ngā wheako whaiaro. Ko ngā pūnaha mahi i taua wā he koretake te whai hua, he maha ngā wā kāore i te hihiri ngā kaimahi, ā, kāore he tikanga paerewa mō te ine i te mahi. I mohio a Taylor ko te pūmanawa matua mō te whakapai ake ko te whakahaere i te mahi kia pūtaiao ake, kia pūnaha ake hoki. Nō reira, i whakawhanakehia e ia he huinga mātāpono i ahu mai i te tirotiro me te tātari hei whakapai ake i te hua me te oranga o ngā kaimahi.
Ngā Mātāpono o te Whakahaere Pūtaiao
1. Te Whakawhanaketanga o ngā Tikanga Pūtaiao mō ia Huānga o te Mahi
Ko te kaupapa tuatahi o te whakahaere pūtaiao ko te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga pūtaiao i roto i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te mahi. I whakanui a Taylor i te hiranga o te whakakapi i ngā tikanga mahi tuku iho kāore i te ōrite ki ngā tikanga e ahu mai ana i te rangahau pūtaiao taipitopito. I uru atu tēnei ki te tātari i te mahi me te wā hei whakatau i te huarahi pai me te huarahi tino whai hua hei whakaoti i tētahi mahi motuhake. Mā tēnei, i arotauhia, i whakaritea hoki te tukanga mahi katoa, ā, i whakaitihia te wā me te kaha e moumouhia ana.
2. Te Kōwhiri me te Whakangungu Kaimahi Pūtaiao
Ko te tuarua o ngā mātāpono, me whakahaere te whiriwhiri me te whakangungu i ngā kaimahi mā te pūtaiao. I roto i tēnei horopaki, i tautoko a Taylor i te whiriwhiri i ngā kaimahi he pūkenga me ngā āheinga e tika ana mō tētahi mahi, me te whakangungu i a rātou kia whai tikanga. Me haere tonu tēnei whakangungu kia mōhio ai ngā kaimahi ki ngā tikanga mahi tino whai hua me te whai hua.
3. Te Mahi Tahi a te Kaiwhakahaere me ngā Kaimahi
Ko te tuatoru o ngā mātāpono e whakanui ana i te hiranga o te mahi tahi taurite i waenga i te kaiwhakahaere me ngā kaimahi. I whakapono a Taylor ka taea te karo i ngā taupatupatu i waenga i ngā kaimahi me te kaiwhakahaere mēnā ka mahi tahi ngā rōpū e rua ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga noa. I hiahiatia tēnei he whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whai hua me te māramatanga hohonu ki ngā hiahia me ngā matea o ia rōpū.
4. Te Wehenga Mārama o ngā Kawenga i waenga i te Whakahaere me ngā Kaimahi
Ko te mātāpono whakamutunga o te whakahaere pūtaiao he wehewehenga mārama o ngā kawenga i waenga i te kaiwhakahaere me ngā kaimahi. Ko te kaiwhakahaere te kawenga mō te whakamahere, te whakarite, me te tirotiro i te mahi, ko ngā kaimahi ia te kawenga mō te whakatutuki i ā rātou mahi i runga i ngā tikanga kua tātarihia me te whakamaheretia e te pūtaiao. Mā tēnei wehewehenga mārama o ngā kawenga, ka taea e ia rōpū te arotahi ki ō rātou ake tohungatanga, ā, ka piki ake te whai hua me te hua o te whakahaere katoa.
Te Whakamahinga me te Pānga o te Whakahaere Pūtaiao
Kua horapa te whakamahinga o ngā mātāpono whakahaere pūtaiao ki ngā momo rāngai ahumahi, mai i te hangahanga ki ngā ratonga. Hei tauira, i roto i te umanga motuka, kua whakamahia ēnei mātāpono ki te waihanga i ngā raina whakaputa whai hua, e āhei ai ngā kamupene ki te whakaputa i te tini o ngā waka i ngā utu iti iho.
I roto i te hauora, mā te whakamahi i ngā mātāpono whakahaere pūtaiao ka āwhina i ngā hōhipera me ngā wāhi hauora ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o ā rātou mahi. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te tātari mahi me te wā hei whakapai ake i te rere o ngā tūroro, hei whakaiti i ngā wā tatari, hei whakanui ake hoki i te pai o te noho o ngā tūroro.
Heoi, kāore i te maeneene tonu te whakatinanatanga o te whakahaere pūtaiao. I tautohe ētahi kairīti he tino mīhini rawa te huarahi a Taylor, ā, i warewarehia ngā āhuatanga tangata o te mahi, pērā i te hihiri me te auahatanga. Nō reira, i roto i te mahi, he maha ngā wā i honoa ai te whakahaere pūtaiao me ētahi atu huarahi whakahaere i aro nui atu ki ngā āhuatanga hinengaro me ngā āhuatanga pāpori o te mahi.
Te Arotake i te Whakahaere Pūtaiao
Ahakoa he nui ngā hua o ngā mātāpono o te whakahaere pūtaiao ki te whakapiki i te whai huatanga me te hua o te mahi, he maha ngā whakahē mō tēnei huarahi. Ko ētahi o ngā whakahē matua mō te whakahaere pūtaiao ko ēnei e whai ake nei:
1. Huarahi Ā-Mīhini: He maha ngā wā ka whakaarohia te whakahaere pūtaiao he tino ā-mīhini rawa, ka whakaarohia ngā kaimahi he "wāhanga" i roto i te mīhini whakaputa. Ka taea e tēnei te wareware i ngā āhuatanga nui o te hihiri me te oranga o ngā kaimahi.
2. Te Kore o te Ngāwari: Nā te arotahi nui ki te whakapūmautanga me ngā tikanga tino pakari, ka taea e te whakahaere pūtaiao te whakaiti i te ngāwari o te urupare ki ngā huringa o te taiao mahi, o ngā hiahia takitahi rānei o ngā kaimahi.
3. Te Whakahāwea i te Auahatanga: Kāore tēnei huarahi e aro nui ana ki te auahatanga me te auahatanga o ngā kaimahi, ka ārai pea i te whanaketanga o ngā whakaaro hou me te whakaoti rapanga auaha.
4. Ngā Take Matatika: Ko tētahi huarahi e aro nui ana ki te whai huatanga me te whakaputa hua ka arahi pea ki ngā āhuatanga mahi kino, mahi whakatoi rānei.
Te Whakaurunga o te Whakahaere Pūtaiao ki ngā Huarahi Hou
Ahakoa ngā whakahē, kei te whai tikanga tonu ngā mātāpono o te whakahaere pūtaiao i ēnei rā. I te ao matihiko me te hangarau mōhiohio, kua whakauruhia ngā ariā whakahaere pūtaiao taketake pērā i te tātari raraunga me te arotau tukanga ki ngā huarahi whakahaere hou pērā i te Whakahaere Hiko me te Whakaoti Whakatau Raraunga-Ara (DDDM).
Hei tauira, ko te Whakahaere Hiroki e whakamahi ana i ngā āhuatanga o te whakahaere pūtaiao me te arotahi ki te whakakore i ngā para me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o ngā tukanga. I taua wā, ka whakamahia e te DDDM ngā raraunga me ngā tātaritanga hei whakatau i ngā whakataunga whai whakaaro me te whai hua, e whakaata ana i ngā mātāpono a Taylor mō te hiranga o tētahi huarahi pūtaiao me te pūnaha ki te whakahaere.
Whakamutunga
Ko ngā mātāpono o te whakahaere pūtaiao, i whakawhanakehia e Frederick Winslow Taylor, i tuku i tētahi huarahi pūnaha, e ahu mai ana i te pūtaiao, hei whakahaere i te mahi me ngā kaimahi. I te arotahi ki te whakawhanake i ngā tikanga pūtaiao, te whiriwhiri me te whakangungu kaimahi, te mahi tahi i waenga i te whakahaere me ngā kaimahi, me te wehewehe mārama o ngā kawenga, ko te whāinga o ēnei mātāpono he whakapiki i te whai hua me te hua o te whakahaere.
Heoi, i roto i te mahi, me āta whakaaroarohia tēnei huarahi, me whakauru atu ki ētahi atu huarahi whakahaere e aro nui ana ki ngā āhuatanga tangata o te mahi. Mā tēnei, ka taea e ngā whakahaere te whakatutuki i te taurite i waenga i te whai huatanga me te oranga o ngā kaimahi, ka waihangahia he taiao mahi whai hua, he taurite hoki.
