Te Whakatinana i te Whakahaere Kounga: Te Kī ki te Angitu i roto i ngā Whakahaere Hou
Kua noho te whakahaere kounga hei wāhanga nui mō te angitu o ngā whakahaere o ēnei rā. Mā te whakatinanatanga tika ka taea te whakarato i tētahi painga whakataetae nui, ā, ka whakarite kia tutuki, kia hipa rānei ngā hua, ngā ratonga rānei i ngā tumanakohanga a te kiritaki. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te whakamahinga o te whakahaere kounga, tōna hītori me ngā mātāpono taketake, tae atu ki ngā tikanga pai rawa atu e tika ana mō ngā momo rāngai ahumahi.
Hītori me ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te Whakahaere Kounga
Ehara te whakahaere kounga i te ariā hou. Ka taea te whai i tōna hītori ki te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, i te wā i tīmata ai ngā ahumahi ki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga pūtaiao hei whakahaere i te kounga o ā rātou hua. Ko tētahi o ngā tino tangata i roto i te hītori o te whakahaere kounga ko W. Edwards Deming, i mōhiotia mō tana huringa PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act), i tautoko i te hiahia o ngā kamupene ki te whakapai tonu i ā rātou tukanga.
Ko ngā mātāpono taketake o te whakahaere kounga ko te arotahi ki te kiritaki, te whai wāhi katoa o ngā kaimahi, te huarahi tukanga, te whakapai tonu, me te whakatau kaupapa e ahu mai ana i ngā meka. Ki te kore e whakatinanahia ēnei mātāpono, tera pea ka kore e angitu tetahi mahi hei whakapai ake i te kounga, ka kore rānei e pumau.
Ngā tono i roto i ngā ahumahi rerekē
1. Te Hanga
Ko te hanga tetahi o ngā ahumahi tuatahi ki te whakamahi whānui i ngā mātāpono whakahaere kounga. Ko ngā ariā pēnei i te Six Sigma me te Lean Manufacturing kua āwhina i te maha o ngā kamupene ki te whakaiti i te para me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga. Ko ngā tikanga Six Sigma, e arotahi ana ki te whakaiti i te rerekētanga me te whakapai ake i te kounga, ka whakamahi i ngā taputapu tatauranga hei tautuhi me te whakakore i ngā hapa i roto i te tukanga whakaputa.
2. Ngā Ratonga
Kua tino whai hua hoki ngā rāngai ratonga, tae atu ki te manaaki manuhiri, te pūtea, me te hauora, mai i te whakatinanatanga o te whakahaere kounga. Hei tauira, i roto i te umanga hauora, ka taea e ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga te āwhina i ngā hōhipera ki te whakapai ake i te haumaru o ngā tūroro me te whakaiti i ngā hapa hauora. Ka taea e ngā taputapu pēnei i te Whakahaere Hononga Kaihoko (CRM) te āwhina i ngā kamupene ratonga ki te whakahaere i ngā taunekeneke kiritaki kia pai ake te whai hua, me te whakanui ake i te makona me te pono o ngā kiritaki.
3. Hangarau Mōhiohio
I roto i te umanga hangarau mōhiohio, ka taea te whakamahi i te whakahaere kounga hei whakarite kia kore he hapa o ngā hua pūmanawa, kia mahi hoki kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga kua whakaritea. Ko ngā tikanga pēnei i a Agile me DevOps e whakaata ana i ngā mātāpono o te whakapai tonu me te whai wāhi katoa o te tīma ki te whakawhanake me te tiaki pūmanawa.
Ngā Tikanga Pai rawa atu mō te Whakahaere Kounga
1. Te Whakahaere Kounga Katoa (TQM)
Ko te Whakahaere Kounga Katoa (TQM) he huarahi whānui e uru ana ngā kaimahi katoa i roto i tētahi whakahaere hei whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā tukanga, ngā hua, me ngā ratonga. Ko ngā mātāpono matua o te TQM ko te whakapau kaha o ngā kaiwhakahaere matua, te whai wāhi a ngā kaimahi, te whakatau kaupapa e ahu mai ana i ngā meka, me te arotahi ki te kiritaki. Mā te whakauru i te TQM, ka taea e ngā kamupene te waihanga i tētahi ahurea e aro ana ki te kounga e rapu tonu ana i ngā whakapainga.
2. Ono Sigma
He tikanga a Six Sigma i whakawhanakehia e Motorola e arotahi ana ki te whakaiti i ngā rerekētanga o ngā tukanga hei whakapai ake i te kounga whakamutunga. Ka whakamahia e Six Sigma te huarahi DMAIC (Tautuhia, Inehia, Tātarihia, Whakapai ake, Whakahaere) hei tautuhi me te whakakore i ngā hapa o te tukanga. Ko te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu tatauranga te mea nui ki te angitu o Six Sigma ki te whakapiki i te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i ngā utu.
3. Hikoi
Ko te Lean Manufacturing he tikanga i whakawhanakehia e Toyota e whai ana ki te whakaiti i te para me te whakapiki i te whai huatanga. Kei roto i ngā mātāpono Lean te tautuhi i te uara mai i te tirohanga a te kiritaki, te waihanga i te rere tonu, te kukume i te whakaputanga i runga i te tono a te kiritaki, me te whakapai tonu (Kaizen). Mā te whakatinana i te Lean, ka taea e ngā kamupene te whakaiti i ngā utu, te whakapai ake i te kounga, me te whakapai ake i ngā wā huringa hua.
4. ISO 9001
Ko te ISO 9001 he paerewa ā-ao mō ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga e whakarato ana i tētahi anga mō te whakapai ake i ngā tukanga pakihi me te whakarite i te ōritetanga o ngā hua me ngā ratonga. He taputapu nui te tiwhikete ISO 9001 mō ngā kamupene ki te whakaatu i tā rātou whakapau kaha ki te kounga ki ngā kiritaki me ngā hoa pakihi.
Ngā Wero i te Whakatinanatanga o te Whakahaere Kounga
Heoi anō, kāore e kore he wero mō te whakatinana i te whakahaere kounga. Ko ētahi o ngā wero noa ko:
1. Te Ātete ki te Huringa
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui o te whakatinanatanga o te whakahaere kounga ko te ātete a ngā kaimahi. He maha ngā wā ka puta te manukanuka me te kore whakamarie i ngā huringa o ngā tikanga me ngā tukanga. Nō reira, he mea nui kia whakapuakihia e te whakahaere ngā painga o ēnei huringa me te whakauru i ngā kaimahi ki te tukanga whakatinanatanga.
2. Ngā Utu Tīmatanga
Ahakoa ka taea e te whakahaere kounga te penapena utu mō te wā roa, ko te whakatinanatanga tuatahi me nui te haumi. Tērā pea he nui rawa ngā utu mō te whakangungu, ngā taputapu, me ngā whakarerekētanga tukanga mō ngā kamupene iti me te rahi-waenga.
3. Te Uaua o te Tukanga
Ko te whakatinanatanga o tētahi pūnaha whakahaere kounga me mārama ki ngā tukanga me ngā tikanga o te whakahaere. Ka roa pea te wā, ka nui hoki ngā rauemi e pau ana ki te whakatauira me te tuhi i ngā tukanga uaua.
Whakamutunga
He taahiraa nui te whakatinanatanga o te whakahaere kounga mō tētahi whakahaere e whai ana kia noho whakataetae tonu, kia whai tikanga hoki i roto i tētahi mākete e huri haere tonu ana. Mā te whakamahi i ngā mātāpono me ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga pērā i te TQM, Six Sigma, Lean, me te ISO 9001, ka taea e ngā whakahaere te whakatutuki i te whakapai tonu i roto i ā rātou tukanga, hua, me ngā ratonga.
Heoi, kia angitu ai te whakatinanatanga o te whakahaere kounga, me aro atu ngā whakahaere ki ngā wero pēnei i te ātete ki te huringa, te utu tīmatanga teitei, me te uaua o ngā tukanga me ngā rautaki tika. Nō reira, ehara i te mea ko te whakatutuki i ētahi paerewa anake te whakahaere kounga, engari ko te waihanga hoki i tētahi ahurea e aro ana ki te whakapai tonu me te makona o ngā kiritaki.
He haerenga te whakahaere kounga, ehara i te ūnga. Ko te hunga e whakapau kaha ana ki te whakapai tonu ka kite he nui ake ngā painga i ngā utu me ngā wero. Mēnā ka whakatinanahia tika, ka taea e te whakahaere kounga te mea nui ki te whakatutuki i te painga whakataetae me te whakarite i te pumau o te whakahaere mō ngā rā kei te heke mai.
