Papamuri ki te Whanaketanga e Arotahi ana ki te Tangata
I ngā tekau tau tata nei, kua tino rerekē te tauira whanaketanga mai i te huarahi e aro ana ki te tipu ōhanga anake ki tētahi huarahi whānui ake, e aro ana ki te tangata. Ko te whanaketanga e aro ana ki te tangata e whakatairanga ana i te oranga, te kounga o te oranga, me ngā tika tangata. Ehara i te mea ko te whakapai ake i ngā tatauranga ōhanga anake te whāinga o tēnei huarahi, engari ko te whakaaro hoki ki te kounga o te oranga me te pūmanawa o ia tangata.
Hītori me te Whanaketanga o te Ariā
1. Te Putanga Mai o te Whakaaro mō te Whanaketanga e Arotahi ana ki te Tangata
I tīmata te whanaketanga o tēnei whakaaro me te mōhio haere tonu ko te tipu ōhanga, ahakoa he mea nui, ehara i te mea ko te tohu anake o te angitu o tētahi iwi. I waenganui o te rautau 20, inā koa i muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, he maha ngā whenua i tere te tipu ōhanga, engari i mau tonu ngā rerekētanga pāpori me te rawakore. I tohu tēnei kāore i te rawaka te tipu ōhanga anake hei whakamana i te oranga o te hapori whānui.
2. Ngā Kaupapa me ngā Pūrongo Whakawhanaketanga Tangata a te UN
I te tau 1990, i whakatinanahia e te Kaupapa Whakawhanaketanga o te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao (UNDP) te Tāurangi Whakawhanaketanga Tangata (HDI), e whai whakaaro ana ki ngā mea maha atu i te whiwhinga moni mō ia tangata anake. Ka ine te HDI i te hauora (mā te whakamahi i te roanga o te oranga), te mātauranga (mā te whakamahi i te pānui me te tuhituhi me te mātauranga), me te paerewa oranga (mā te whakamahi i te Whiwhinga Moni ā-Motu Katoa mō ia tangata).
3. Te Ariā Pūkenga nā Amartya Sen
I whai wāhi nui te tohunga ōhanga me te tohunga whakaaro a Amartya Sen ki te whakawhanake i te ariā o te whanaketanga e aro ana ki te tangata mā roto i tana ariā āheinga. E ai ki a Sen, me titiro te whanaketanga hei tukanga whakawhānui i te herekoretanga tuturu e pā ana ki te takitahi. Ka nekehia te arotahi mai i te whakaputa noa i ngā taonga me ngā ratonga ki te whakarato i tētahi taiao e āhei ai te takitahi ki te whakatutuki i tō rātou herekoretanga me te pūmanawa katoa.
Ngā Take e Hiahiatia ai te Whanaketanga e Arotahi ana ki te Tangata
1. Te Whakatau i te Tauritekore Hapori
Ko tētahi o ngā tino take mō te hiahia mō te whanaketanga e aro ana ki te tangata ko te kore taurite nui o te pāpori me te ōhanga. Ahakoa kei te piki haere pea te GDP o te ao, kei te whānui tonu te āputa i waenga i te hunga whai rawa me te hunga rawakore. Mā te whakanoho i te tangata ki waenganui o te whanaketanga, ka whai mātou ki te waihanga i ngā āhuatanga tika me te ōrite.
2. Te raruraru taiao me ngā rauemi
He maha ngā wā ka warewarehia e te ahunga whakamua hangarau me te ahunga whakamua o te ōhanga ōna pānga ki te taiao. Ko te whanaketanga e aro ana ki te tangata e whakaaro ana ko te oranga tonutanga o te taiao he wāhanga o te oranga tangata mō te wā roa. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te tiaki i ngā rauemi taiao me ngā pūnaha rauropi mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai.
3. Te Whakaute i ngā Tika Tangata
Ko te whanaketanga e aro ana ki te tangata e whakaae ana, e whakaute ana hoki i ngā tika tangata hei kaupapa matua. Kei roto i tēnei ko te tika ki te ora, te mana whakapuaki whakaaro, te urunga ki te mātauranga, me te hauora. Ko te whakaute i ēnei tika ko te whakarite kia taea e ia tangata te noho rangatira me te kore whakahāwea.
Te Whakatinanatanga me ngā Wero
1. Kaupapahere Tūmatanui Whakauru
Hei whakatinana i te whanaketanga e aro ana ki te tangata, me hangaia ngā kaupapa here tūmatanui kia whānui. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whai wāhi mai o ngā rōpū kanorau o te hapori, tae atu ki ngā rōpū tokoiti me ngā rōpū e noho tahaetia ana, ki ngā tukanga whakatau.
2. Te Ine i te Oranga
Me whānui ake ngā inenga oranga, me te neke atu i ngā tohu ōhanga tuku iho. Haunga te HDI, kei te whakamahia ngā huarahi hou pēnei i te Taupū Harikoa me te oranga whaiaro hei whakarato i tētahi pikitia whānui ake mō te kounga o te oranga.
3. Te haumi ki te mātauranga me te hauora
Ko te mātauranga me te hauora ngā pou matua e rua o te whanaketanga tangata-ā-tangata. Ko te haumi tika ki ēnei rāngai e rua, ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga anake, engari ka akiaki hoki i te tipu ōhanga pumau.
Akoranga Take: Ngā Angitu me ngā Akoranga
1. Ngā whenua Nordic
Ko ngā whenua pēnei i a Huitene, Nōwei, me Tenemāka e whakahuatia ana hei tauira mō te angitu o te whanaketanga tangata. Kua tutuki i a rātou te taurite i waenga i te oranga ōhanga, te oranga pāpori, me te oranga taiao mā roto i ngā pūnaha haumaru pāpori pakari me ngā ture taiao pakari.
2. Kaupapa Whakawhiti Moni Ā-Whārite
Ko ngā kaupapa pēnei i a Bolsa Familia o Brazil e whakaatu ana i te huarahi e taea ai e ngā kaupapa here e aro ana ki te tangata te whakaiti i te rawakore me te whakapai ake i te mātauranga me te hauora. Mā te whakarato i ngā whakawhiti moni ā-ture, ka akiaki te kaupapa i ngā mātua kia whakarite kia whiwhi ā rātou tamariki i te mātauranga me te hauora e tika ana.
Whakamutunga
Ehara te whanaketanga e aro ana ki te tangata i te mea he ia haere noa iho, engari he mea e hiahiatia ana i tēnei wā hou, e piki haere ana te uaua. He huarahi e whakakotahi ana i te tipu ōhanga me te oranga hapori me te oranga taiao, e whakaatu ana i te wā e noho ana te tangata ki waenganui o ngā mahi whanaketanga, ka taea te whānui ake, te pumau ake hoki o ngā putanga. Heoi, me whai kaha te whakapau kaha a ngā kaiārahi o te ao, ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe, me te whai wāhi kaha o ngā hapori ki te aro atu ki ngā wero.
