Ngā Rama Hikoi mō te Kāinga
He mea nui te rama i roto i te whare. Haunga te whakarato i te whakamārama, ka pā hoki ki te whakamarie, te āhuarangi, me te whai huatanga o te hiko o ia rā. I roto i ngā kōwhiringa maha e wātea ana, ko ngā rama hihiko (e kiia ana ko ngā rama TL, ko ngā rama neon rānei) he mea rongonui tonu mō ngā momo hiahia o te whare. Ahakoa kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā rama LED i te mākete, kei a ia tonu ngā painga o ngā rama hihiko, inā koa mō ngā wāhi e hiahia ana ki te rama whānui, ōrite. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā rama hihiko, ō rātou momo, ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga, me ngā tohutohu mō te whiriwhiri me te tiaki i a rātou mō te whakamahi i te kāinga.
He aha te Rama Hikoi?
Ko te rama hihiko he momo rama e whakaputa ana i te mārama mā te tukunga hiko i roto i te ngongo kei roto he hau (he argon te nuinga) me te iti o te kohu mercury. Ina whakamahia te hiko, ka tukuna e te kohu mercury te mārama ultraviolet (UV). Kātahi ka pā te mārama UV ki te paninga phosphor i te pakitara o roto o te ngongo, ka hurihia hei mārama e kitea ana. Nā te mea he rerekē te tukanga i tērā o ngā rama mura, e whakamahana ana i te miro, he pai ake te penapena pūngao o ngā rama mura i ngā rama mura noa.
I Initonīhia, ko te kupu "rama neon" e whakamahia ana mō ngā rama hihiko, inā koa ngā tauira ngongo roa. I roto i te hangarau, ko te neon e pā ana ki te hau neon, e kitea ana i roto i ngā rama tohu, i ngā rama pānuitanga rānei. Heoi, i roto i te whakamahinga o ia rā, kua noho noa te kupu nei hei kupu noa.
Ngā momo rama hihiko mō te kāinga
He maha ngā momo rama hiraka e kitea ana, e whakamahia ana hoki i roto i ngā kāinga, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga o ia momo rama.
1. Rama ngongo hiko (Rama Ngongo / TL)
Koinei te tauira tino mōhiotia: he āhua roa, he rite ki te ngongo, e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i ngā kīhini, i ngā karāti, i ngā rūma horoi kakahu, i ngā wāhi mahi rānei. He rerekē te rahi o ēnei, pērā i te T5 me te T8. Ko te tau e pā ana ki te whānui o te ngongo (i roto i te hauwaru o te inihi). He kikokore ake te T5 i te T8.
2. CFL (Rama Hikoi Iti)
He momo kiato, porowhita, porowhita rānei ngā CFL me te pupuri pērā i te pūrama rama paerewa. I mua, i tino rongonui ngā CFL hei whakakapi i ngā pūrama mura nā te mea he nui ake te whai huatanga o te pūngao, ahakoa kua whakakapia whānuitia e ngā rama LED.
3. Mowhiti kanapa (mowhiti)
He maha ngā wā ka kitea ngā rama porowhita i runga i ngā tuanui me ngā rama motuhake. Ko ō rātou painga ko te mārama ōrite me te ātaahua o te āhua i roto i ngā rūma noho, i ngā rūma whānau rānei.
4. He rama hihiko me te anga motuhake (me te whakaata)
Ko ētahi rama hihiko he mea whakaata hei arotahi i te mārama. He pai mō ngā wāhi mahi pēnei i ngā kaute kīhini, ngā rūma ako, ngā awheawhe iti rānei o te kāinga.
Ngā Painga o ngā Rama Hikoi
He aha i pai tonu ai ngā rama kanapa mō ngā kāinga? Anei ētahi o ō rātou painga:
1. He pai ake te whai huatanga o te pūngao i ngā rama mura
Ki te whakaritea ki ngā pūrama incandescent, ka taea e ngā pūrama fluorescent te whakaputa i ngā lumens (mārama) nui ake mō te wattage ōrite. Ko te tikanga ka taea e rātou te penapena nui ake i te hiko.
2. He mārama ōrite ake mō ngā wāhi whānui
Ka tukuna e ngā rama ngongo te mārama puta noa i ō rātou mata, ā, he pai mō te whakamārama i ngā rūma e hiahia ana kia whānuitia te māramatanga, pērā i ngā kīhini, ngā ara raro, ngā wāhi mahi rānei.
3. Ngā utu e taea ana te utu
I ētahi wā, inā koa mō ētahi taputapu o nāianei, he iti ake te utu o te whakakapi i ngā ngongo hihiko i te whakakapi i te pūnaha katoa.
4. Ngā kōwhiringa tae rama rerekē
E wātea ana ngā rama hihiko i roto i ngā momo whiringa pāmahana tae, mai i te mā mahana ki te mātao o te awatea, kia taea ai te whakarite kia rite ki ngā hiahia me te āhuarangi o te rūma.
Ngā Huakore o ngā Rama Hikoi
Ahakoa ōna painga, he maha ngā mea hei whakaaroaro māu:
1. Kei roto te konukōrei
He ngoikoretanga nui tēnei. He morearea te mercury mēnā ka pakaru te rama, ā, ka hongihia ngā kohu. Nō reira, me maka atu ngā rama hihiko ki te wāhi tika me te āta.
2. Tērā pea ka heke te kounga o te mārama i roto i te wā.
I muri i te whakamahinga roa, ka heke te kanapa o ngā rama hihiko, ka kimo, ka roa rānei te wā e tiaho katoa ai.
3. Me whai taumaha (mō ētahi momo)
Me whai pauna (aukume, hiko rānei) ngā rama ngongo hihi-ā-rangi. Mēnā he ngoikore te pauna, ka taea e te rama te kimo, te pakaru wawe, te whakaputa haruru rānei.
4. Kāore i te tino pai mō te whakaweto me te whakaweto i ngā wā katoa
Mā te whakamahi pinepine i te rama whakakā-whakaweto ka whakapoto i te roa o te ora o ētahi momo rama hihiko, inā koa ko ērā e whakamahi ana i ētahi momo pauna.
5. Kua tīmata te mahue ki muri i te whakataurite ki ngā rama LED
Ko ngā rama LED he nui ake te penapena hiko, he roa ake te ora, ā, kāore he mercury. Nō reira, kua piki haere te whiriwhiri i ngā rama fluorescent nā te mea he hototahi ki ngā rama o nāianei, ki ngā hiahia motuhake rānei.
Ko ēhea ngā rūma e tika ana mō te tāutanga?
He pai rawa atu ngā rama hihiko mō ngā rūma e hiahia ana ki te rama mahi, kia ōrite hoki. Anei ētahi tauira o ngā whakamahinga kāinga:
– Kīhini: he āwhina i ngā mahi tunu kai nā te mea he kanapa, he marara hoki te mārama.
– Rūma horoi kakahu, rūma kaukau rānei (me ngā taputapu ātete makuku): he pai te mārama o te rama hei āwhina i te horoi me te haumaru.
– Ngā karāti me ngā whare putunga: he pai mō ngā wāhi nui e hiahia ana kia kitea nuitia.
– Wāhi mahi, tēpu ako rānei: mā te whakanoho tika, ka taea e ngā rama hihiko te whakarato i te māramatanga e ranea ana, me te kore e nui rawa ngā atarangi.
Mō ngā rūma moe, mō ngā rūma noho rānei, kāore ētahi e pai ki te āhua o te rama hihiko e "mātao ake" ana, e kanapa rawa rānei, ahakoa ka taea tēnei te whakakore mā te whiriwhiri i te tae rama māhana.
Ngā Tohutohu mō te Kōwhiri i ngā Rama Hikoi mō tō Kāinga
Hei karo i te whiriwhiri hē, whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
1. Kia aro ki ngā watts me ngā lumens
Ko te wattage e tohu ana i te whakapaunga hiko, ko ngā lumens ia e tohu ana i te kanapa. Kōwhiria i runga i ngā lumens, kaua ko te wattage anake. Mō ngā wāhi mahi, whiriwhiria he lumens teitei ake mō te whakamahinga whakamarie.
2. Kōwhiria te pāmahana tae kia rite ki te mahi
– Mā mahana (tata ki te 2700–3000K): he āhuarangi mahana ake, he āhuarangi whakamarie ake (rūma noho, rūma moe).
– Mā mā (tata ki te 4000K): taurite (kīhini, rūma kai).
– Te mahana o te rā (tata ki te 5000–6500K): he mārama, he arotahi hoki (whare karāti, wāhi mahi).
3. Whakaarohia te CRI (Taupū Whakatakotoranga Tae)
Ko te CRI e tohu ana i te tika o te tae o ngā mea i raro i te māramatanga. Ka teitei ake te CRI (hei tauira, neke atu i te 80), ka puta ake te āhua tūturu o ngā tae. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā kīhini, mō ngā wāhi mahi rānei.
4. Me whakarite kei te hototahi ki te anga me te pauna.
Me ōrite te rahi o te ngongo (T5/T8), te momo whakamau, me te momo taumaha. Ki te whakamahi koe i ngā CFL, me whakarite kia hototahi te hononga rama.
5. Kōwhiria ngā hua kounga teitei
He maha ngā wā ka memeha, ka tere rānei te kanapa o ngā rama iti te utu. Kōwhiria he waitohu rongonui me te pūtāhui me ngā paerewa haumaru pai.
Te Manaaki me te Haumaru
Ko ngā rama hiko e tika ana kia tiakina kia haumaru ko ētahi o ngā taputapu hiko e hiahiatia ana:
– Horoia te anga i ia wā, i ia wā, kia kore ai e whakaitihia e te puehu te kaha o te mārama.
– Ki te mea ka pīataata tonu te rama, tirohia mēnā kei te ngongo, kei te tīmatanga (mō ngā momo tawhito), kei te pauna rānei te raruraru.
– Ki te pakaru te rama, whakatuwheratia ngā pūhau, kaua e purua ki ngā ringaringa kau, ā, whakamahia he karapu me te piripiri (pēnei i te rīpene) hei kohi i ngā kongakonga iti.
– Makahia ngā rama kua whakamahia ki te huarahi tika; kaua e maka ki roto i ngā para noa mēnā ka taea. Rapua ngā wāhi kohikohi para hiko, ngā kaupapa hangarua rānei e wātea ana.
He pai tonu te whakamahi?
Kei ō hiahia te whakautu. Mena kua whai rama hihiko tō whare, ā, kei te mahi tonu ngā rama, he kōwhiringa ōhanga tonu te rama hihiko, inā koa mō ngā wāhi mahi pēnei i te kīhini, te rūma rokiroki, me te karāti. Heoi, ki te mea kei te whakahou koe, kei te hiahia rānei koe ki te whai huatanga nui me te roa o te ora, he pai ake ngā rama LED.
He otinga rama tawhito ngā rama hihiko mō te kāinga, kua whakamātauhia he pai ake te whakarato i te māramatanga me te whakapaunga hiko pai ake i ngā rama mura. Ahakoa ngā ngoikoretanga pēnei i te nui o te mercury me te āhua o te kimo i te wā e tawhito ana, he mea nui tonu ngā rama hihiko mō ētahi hiahia. Mā te whiriwhiri i te momo tika, te whakarerekē i te tae o te māramatanga, me te aro ki te haumaru me te whakakorenga, ka taea e koe te whakanui ake i ngā painga o ngā rama hihiko hei rama whai hua me te whai hua i roto i tō kāinga.
