Ngā Tikanga Tirohanga i roto i te Tohutohu
I roto i te mahi tohutohu, kāore e hiahiatia kia roa ngā kōrerorero me te tātari whakaaro noa iho te āwhina i ngā kiritaki. He maha ngā kiritaki e uaua ana ki te whakapuaki i ngā kare ā-roto, ki te maumahara ki ngā wheako motuhake, ki te whakaaro rānei ki tētahi heke mai pai ake ina kī tonu ō rātou hinengaro i te manukanuka me te ahotea. Koinei te wāhi e whai hua ai ngā tikanga tirohanga. Ka whakamahia e te tirohanga te kaha o te whakaaro tangata ki te waihanga i ngā whakaahua hinengaro kua tohua, ka taea ai e ngā kiritaki te kite i ngā kare ā-roto, te hanga anō i ngā wheako, me te whakawhanake i ngā rautaki arotau ake.
Te māramatanga me ngā kaupapa matua o ngā tikanga whakaaturanga
Ko ngā tikanga tirohanga i roto i te mahi tohutohu he wawaotanga e whakatenatena ana i ngā kiritaki ki te whakaaro ā-hinengaro, ā-hanganga hoki i ngā whakaahua, i ngā āhuatanga, i ngā wheako rānei. Ka taea e ēnei whakaahua te noho hei wāhi marino, hei horopaki whakaoti rapanga, hei tūtakitanga tohu ki tētahi "wāhanga o koe" motuhake, hei whakaari anō rānei i tētahi wheako o mua. Kāore te tirohanga i rite ki te moemoeā koretake. I roto i te mahi tohutohu, ka arahina te tirohanga e tētahi kaupapa mārama, he mea whakarite ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka honoa ki ngā mahi manawa, ki te whakangā māmā rānei hei āwhina i te kiritaki ki te arotahi.
I te taha hinengaro, ka whai hua te tirohanga ā-hinengaro nā te mea ka aro te roro ki ngā whakaahua hinengaro me ngā tauira whakahohenga e rite ana ki ērā i kitea i te wā i pā ai te kaupapa ki tētahi. Ina whakaaro te kiritaki ki te marino, ka taea e te tinana te whakaiti i te ahotea; ina whakaaro te kiritaki ki ngā mahi hei whakatau i tētahi āhuatanga uaua, ka taea e ia te whakapakari i tōna wairua whai mana ki a ia anō. Nō reira, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te tirohanga ā-hinengaro i roto i te kaunihera hei āwhina i te whakaiti i te manukanuka, te whakapai ake i te whakahaere kare ā-roto, te whakapai ake i te whakaaro ki a ia anō, tae atu ki te whakapakari i te hihiri mō te huringa.
Te kaupapa o te whakamahi i te tirohanga ā-kanohi i roto i te mahi tohutohu
He maha ngā kaupapa matua e whakamahia ana mō ngā tikanga tirohanga. Tuatahi, ka hangaia he wairua haumaru me te pumau (tūturutanga), inā koa mō ngā kiritaki e ngāwari ana ki te manukanuka, e pāngia ana rānei e te ahotea nui. Tuarua, ka āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te uru atu ki ngā kare ā-roto me ngā hiahia e uaua ana ki te whakapuaki ā-waha. Tuatoru, ka āwhina i te huringa hinengaro—hei tauira, te whakarerekē i te tirohanga a ngā kaupapa i kitea i mua he tino whakamataku. Tuawhā, ka whakaratohia he pūkenga mō te whakatau i ngā āhuatanga motuhake, pērā i ngā whakaaturanga, ngā uiui mahi, ngā pakanga whanaungatanga rānei. Tuarima, ka tautoko i te tukanga whakaora whara mā te āta whakarerekē i ngā huarahi motuhake, me te whai whakaaro ki te rite o te kiritaki me te pūkenga o te kaiārahi.
Ngā momo tikanga tirohanga e whakamahia pinepinetia ana
Anei ētahi momo tirohanga noa i roto i te mahi tohutohu, ka taea te whakarerekē i ia momo i runga i te horopaki:
1. Te tirohanga o tētahi wāhi haumaru
He tikanga taketake tēnei e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakaiti i te ahotea. Ka tono te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro ki te kiritaki kia kati ō rātou kanohi, kia whakahaere i ō rātou manawa, kātahi ka whakaaro ki tētahi wāhi e pai ai te noho haumaru. Ka taea tēnei wāhi te noho tūturu (hei tauira, he rūma moe o te tamarikitanga, he takutai moana) he wāhi pakiwaitara rānei (hei tauira, he pāka, he whare i ngā maunga). Ka āwhina te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro i te kiritaki ki te whakarei ake i ngā taipitopito o ngā kare ā-roto: ngā tae, ngā oro, ngā pāmahana, ngā kakara, me ngā kare ā-tinana. Kia marino te kiritaki, ka taea e te wāhi haumaru te noho hei "pūnga" hei maumahara mā rātou ina tūtaki rātou ki ngā āhuatanga ahotea i waho o te wā.
2. Whakaahua ārahi mō te whakangā me te whakahaere ahotea
He rite te whakaahua ārahi ki tētahi wāhi haumaru, engari e aro ana ki te tukanga āta haere o te whakamarie i te tinana. Hei tauira, ka ārahi te kaiārahi i te kiritaki ki te whakaaro i ngā ngaru mahana e neke ana mai i te mahunga ki te waewae, e whakangā ana i ngā uaua uaua. Ko tētahi atu momo ko te whakaaro i te manawa he mārama e tomo mai ana, e kawe mai ana i te marino me te wehe atu i ngā taumahatanga. He whai hua tēnei tikanga mō ngā kiritaki e pāngia ana e te ahotea mātauranga, te pēhanga mahi, te raruraru moe ngawari rānei, inā koa ka whakamahia tonutia.
3. Te tirohanga o te "ipu" (tikanga ipu)
Ka āwhina tēnei tikanga i ngā kiritaki e aro nui ana ki ngā āwangawanga, ki ngā maharatanga whakararuraru rānei. Ka tonoa te kiritaki kia whakaaro ki tētahi ipu kaha, haumaru hoki: he pouaka whakarewa, he pouaka haumaru, he kāpata kua raka, he putea motuhake rānei. Kātahi ka "whakanohoia" ngā whakaaro whakararuraru ki roto i te ipu mō te wā poto, ka hiritia, ka rongoatia ki tētahi wāhi haumaru. Ehara i te mea ko te pehi tonu i te raruraru, engari ko te whakarato i tētahi wā okioki kia taea ai e te kiritaki te mahi me te tatari mō te wā tika ki te kōrero mōna i roto i tētahi wā whakaora pumau ake.
4. Whakaharatau hinengaro hei aro atu ki ngā āhuatanga uaua
I konei, ka whakamahia te tirohanga hei mahi hinengaro. Ka whakaarohia e te kiritaki tētahi āhuatanga wero, kātahi ka whakaharatau i te urupare e hiahiatia ana: te kōrero māia, te pupuri i ngā rohe, te whakamarie rānei. Ka taea e te kaitohutohu te āwhina i te kiritaki ki te whakaaro i ētahi āhuatanga: he aha ka tupu mēnā ka whakakahore te tangata kē, me pēhea te noho marino o te kiritaki, me ngā kīanga hei whakamahi. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o tēnei tikanga i roto i te tohutohu mahi, te tohutohu taiohi, me te wawaotanga manukanuka pāpori.
5. Te tirohanga o te heke mai (te tangata kei te heke mai)
Mā tēnei tikanga ka āwhina ngā kiritaki ki te hanga tumanako me te ahunga. Ka tonoa ngā kiritaki ki te whakaaro i a rātou anō i roto i ngā marama e ono, i te tau rānei ki muri, ina pai ake ō rātou raruraru. Ka pēhea ā rātou mahi o ia rā? He aha ngā tikanga ka rerekē? Ko wai ka noho ki tō rātou taha? Kātahi ka akiaki te kaitohutohu i ngā kiritaki ki te tuhi i tētahi "miro whero" o ngā mahi pūmau ka taea e rātou te tīmata i tēnei rā. Mā te whakaaro ki te heke mai ka taea te whakanui ake i te hihiri me te whakaiti i ngā kare ā-roto o te noho pūmau, inā koa i roto i ngā kiritaki e pāngia ana e te kore hihiri, te ngenge rānei o te kare ā-roto.
6. Te whakaaturanga tohu me te kōrero o ngā wāhanga o te tangata
I ētahi huarahi, ka taea e ngā kiritaki te whakaaro i ngā kare ā-roto, i ngā pakanga ā-roto rānei hei tohu—hei tauira, ko te "wehi" hei atarangi, ko te "kaitātari ā-roto" hei tangata whakapae. Kātahi ka ārahi te kaiārahi i tētahi kōrero pakiwaitara me tēnei tangata: he aha tāna e hiahia ana, he aha tāna e tiaki ana, me ngā mea e hiahiatia ana hei whakamutu i te whakaeke i te kiritaki. Ka taea e tēnei tikanga te āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te mārama ki te mahi a ngā kare ā-roto, te whakaiti i te pakanga ā-roto, me te whakawhanake i te aroha ki a ia anō.
Ngā mahi whānui mō te whakamahi i te tirohanga ā-kanohi i roto i ngā wā wānanga tohutohu
Ahakoa he whānuitia ngā momo rerekētanga, ko te tikanga he whai i tēnei rerenga ngā tikanga whakaaturanga:
1. Kirimana me ngā whāinga: Ka whakamārama te kaitohutohu i te kaupapa o te whakaaturanga, te roa, ā, ka tono kia whakaaetia e te kiritaki.
2. Te whakarite tinana me te manawa: Ka tonoa te kiritaki kia noho pai, kia whakaiti i te ahotea, kia arotahi ki te manawa.
3. Aratohu whakaaro: Ka ārahi te kaitohutohu i te kiritaki ki te hanga whakaahua hinengaro mā te whakamahi i te reo ngāwari, mārama, ā, kāore e akiaki.
4. Te hōhonu ake i ngā taipitopito o ngā kare ā-roto: E tonohia ana ngā kiritaki kia mōhio ki ngā taipitopito o te tirohanga, te whakarongo, te nekehanga tinana, tae atu ki ngā kare ā-roto e puta ake ana.
5. Te Whakaurunga o te Tikanga: Whai muri i te tirohanga, ka tonoa te kiritaki kia whakaaroaro ki te wheako: ngā mea i pā ki a ia, ngā akoranga i puta mai, me tōna hononga ki te raruraru.
6. Te kati me te whakatūturu i te whenua: Ka whakarite te kaitohutohu kia "noho" anō te kiritaki ki roto i te rūma, kia tuwhera ōna kanohi, ā, kia tau te noho.
7. Mahi Kāinga (whiringa): Ka taea te tono ki ngā kiritaki kia whakaharatau i tētahi tirohanga poto ki te kāinga me te whakamahi i tētahi aratohu oro, i ētahi tuhipoka rānei.
Ngā painga o ngā tikanga tirohanga
He maha ngā painga nui o te tirohanga ā-kanohi. Tuatahi, ka whakapai ake i te whakahaere kare ā-roto i a ngā kiritaki e ako ana ki te whakamarie i a rātou anō me te whakahaere i ā rātou urupare tinana. Tuarua, ka āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te uru atu ki ngā rauemi ā-roto pērā i te maia, te māia, me te tumanako. Tuatoru, ka whakapakari i te ako whanonga mā te whakaharatau hinengaro. Tuawhā, ka whakanui ake i te mōhio ki a rātou anō ki ngā whakaaro me ngā kare ā-roto i uaua ki te kite i mua. I ētahi wā, ka āwhina hoki te tirohanga ā-kanohi i ngā kiritaki ki te wehe i a rātou anō mai i te raruraru—hei tauira, te kite i te manukanuka hei mea e haere mai ana, e haere atu ana, ehara i te mea he tuakiri whaiaro.
Ngā mea hei mōhio: ngā tikanga matatika me te haumaru
Ahakoa e whakaarohia ana he haumaru, me āta tupato te tirohanga. Mō ngā kiritaki e whara kino ana, ka taea e te tirohanga te whakahoki mai i ngā maharatanga, ngā kare ā-roto rānei. Nō reira, me aromatawai ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro i te rite o te kiritaki, me whakapakari i ngā pūkenga whakatau (pēnei i te tūnga whenua) i te tuatahi, ā, me whakamutu te mahi mēnā kei te ahua taumaha te kiritaki. Me whakamahi hoki ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro i te reo kāore e tino tohutohu. Mēnā he tino motuhake ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro, ka pēhia pea ngā kiritaki ki te "kite" i tētahi mea kāore i te tino kitea, ka rite rānei ki te kore e taea e rātou te tirohanga mārama. He mea nui kia whakanuia kāore te tirohanga i te tirohanga i ngā wā katoa; he ngāwari ake te urupare a ētahi tāngata ki ngā kare ā-roto, ki ngā oro, ki ngā kupu rānei i ngā whakaahua.
Te Katinga
He taputapu ngāwari, he taputapu kaha hoki ngā tikanga tirohanga i roto i te mahi tohutohu hei āwhina i ngā kiritaki kia marino, kia mārama ki ō rātou kare ā-roto, me te whakatairanga i te huringa. Mā te arataki whakaahua, ngā wāhi haumaru, ngā whakaharatau hinengaro, me ngā tirohanga ā-muri, ka taea e ngā kiritaki te wheako i ngā wheako hinengaro whai take me te whai tikanga. Ko te kī ki te tirohanga angitu kei roto i ngā whāinga mārama, te arataki tairongo, me te aromatawai tonu i te āhua o te kiritaki. Ina whakamahia tika, ehara te tirohanga i te tikanga whakangā noa iho, engari he piriti e āwhina ana i ngā kiritaki kia neke atu i te whakaaro kua mauheretia ki te whakaaro kua whakamanahia, kua whakamanahia hoki ki te aro atu ki te ao.
