Ngā Tikanga Whakatakoto Whāinga i roto i te Tohutohu
I roto i te tukanga tohutohu, kāore ngā huringa e hiahiatia ana e puta aunoa mā te "whakapuaki" noa iho, mā te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rānei. Ko te tohutohu whai hua e hiahia ana ki te aronga mārama, te hanganga, me ngā mehua o te angitu. Koinei te wāhi e noho ai te whakatakoto whāinga hei tētahi o ngā tikanga tino nui. Mā te whakatakoto whāinga ka āwhina ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro me ngā kiritaki ki te whakaae ki tētahi arotahi mahi, ki te whakawhanake i ngā mahi tūturu, me te aroturuki i te ahunga whakamua mai i tētahi wāhanga ki tētahi wāhanga. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te ariā, ngā painga, ngā mātāpono, me ngā mahi mō te whakatinana i ngā tikanga whakatakoto whāinga i roto i te tohutohu.
Te Mārama ki te Whakatakoto Whāinga i roto i te Tohutohu
Ko te whakatakoto whāinga he tukanga mahi tahi i waenganui i te kaiārahi me te kiritaki ki te whakatakoto whāinga mō ngā huringa e hiahiatia ana mā te mahi tohutohu. Kei roto i ēnei whāinga ko ngā huringa whanonga, ngā tauira whakaaro, ngā pūkenga aro atu, ngā whanaungatanga pai ake, te whakahaere kare ā-roto, te whakatutuki rānei i ngā mahi oranga urutau ake.
I roto i te mahi tohutohu, ehara i te mea ko te "whakatakoto whāinga" noa iho, pērā i te mahi whakahaere. Me hangai ngā whāinga tohutohu ki te āhua hinengaro o te kiritaki, ki ngā uara whaiaro, ki te horopaki ahurea pāpori, me ngā āheinga me ngā rauemi e wātea ana. Me ngāwari hoki ngā whāinga nā te mea he hihiri te tukanga tohutohu: ko te nui ake o te māramatanga o te kiritaki ki ō rātou raruraru, ko te nui ake o te tūponotanga ka whanake, ka urutau rānei rātou.
He aha te hiranga o te whakatakoto whāinga?
He maha ngā mahi matua a ngā tikanga whakatakoto whāinga:
1. Whakaratohia te aronga me te arotahi
He maha ngā kiritaki e amuamu whānui ana, e amuamu uaua ana hoki. Mā te whakatakoto whāinga ka āwhina i te whakawhāiti i ngā kaupapa matua kia kore ai e tino hē te whakahaere i ngā hui.
2. Whakanuia te hihiri me te tumanako
Mā ngā whāinga mārama ka taea e ngā kiritaki te kite i te āheinga o te huringa. I te whakatutukitanga haere o ngā whāinga, ka puta ake te wairua o te whai mana ki a ia anō.
3. Āwhina ki te aromatawai i te ahunga whakamua
Ehara te mahi tohutohu i te tukanga "whāiti". Mā te whai whāinga ka taea te ine, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro me ngā kiritaki te aroturuki mēnā kei te āwhina, kei te hiahia rānei kia whakatikatikaina ngā wawaotanga.
4. Te whakapakari i te hononga rongoā
Ina tohaina ngā whāinga, ka rongo ngā kiritaki he mea nui rātou, ā, kei a rātou te mana whakahaere i te tukanga tohutohu. Ka whakapakari tēnei i te mahi tahi.
5. Ārai i te whakawhirinakitanga
Ko te whāinga matua o te kaupapa tohutohu he tū motuhake te kiritaki. Mā te whakatakoto whāinga ka taea te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga whakaoti rapanga, kaua e whakawhirinaki noa ki te wātaka hei mawhiti.
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te Whakatakoto Whāinga i roto i te Tohutohu
Kia whai hua ai te whakatakoto whāinga, me piri ngā kaitohutohu ki ngā mātāpono e whai ake nei:
– He mahi tahi, ehara i te mea he whakaako
Kāore te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro e "whakatau" i ngā whāinga, engari e titoa ngātahitia ana. Ka āwhina, ka whakamārama, ka āwhina hoki te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro i te whakawhanake i ngā rautaki.
– Te kaha e hangai ana
Kaua e arotahi noa ki te raruraru, engari ko te whāinga kia whakamahia te pūmanawa, ngā uara me ngā rauemi kei a te kiritaki.
– He mea tūturu, he mea āta haere
He uaua ngā whāinga tino pai engari ka taea te whakatutuki. Ki te rahi rawa, ka ngawari te riri o ngā kiritaki.
– He mea motuhake ki te whanonga me te horopaki
He uaua ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga whānui rawa pērā i te "hiahia kia harikoa". He pai ake te arotahi ki ngā whanonga tūturu, ki ngā āhuatanga motuhake, me ngā tohu o te ahunga whakamua.
– He aro nui ki ngā tikanga me ngā uara
Ka rerekē pea ngā paerewa "angitu" a ngā kiritaki. Me whakarite e ngā kaitohutohu kia rite ngā whāinga ki ngā whakapono me te ao tūturu o te kiritaki.
Te Anga SMART me tōna Whakarerekētanga ki te Whakatakotoranga
Ko tētahi anga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko SMART:
– S (Motuhake): mārama, kāore e ruarua
– M (Ine): ka taea te ine, te mātakitaki rānei
– A (Ka taea te whakatutuki): he mea tūturu, he mea ka taea te whakatutuki
– R (E tika ana): e tika ana mō ngā raruraru me ngā uara o te kiritaki
– T (He wā-here): he rohe wā tōna
I roto i te mahi tohutohu, ka taea te whakarerekē i te SMART kia pai ake ai te rongoā: Kāore te "Mea Ine" e tohu ana i ngā tau katoa; ko te auau o ngā whanonga, te kaha o ngā kare ā-roto, ngā pūkenga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rānei e kitea ana. Me ngāwari hoki ngā wātaka: me whakatakoto kia rite ki te hanganga, engari ka taea te whakarerekē i te whanaketanga haere tonu.
Ngā tauira o te huri i ngā whāinga kāore i te tino whai hua ki te SMART:
– Kāore i te tino whai hua: “E hiahia ana ahau kia nui ake tōku māia.”
– MĀTAURANGA: “I roto i ngā wiki e rua e whai ake nei, ka whakapuaki au i taku whakaaro i te iti rawa i te kotahi i roto i tētahi hui a te tīma, ahakoa he poto, kātahi ka tuhia ōku kare ā-roto i muri mai hei matapaki i te wā e whai ake nei.”
Ngā Hipanga o te Tikanga Whakatakoto Whāinga i roto i te Tohutohu
1. Tūhurahia ngā raruraru me ngā tumanakohanga a te kiritaki
I te wāhanga tuatahi, ka tūhuratia e te kaiārahi te amuamu matua a te kiritaki, ngā āhuatanga whakaoho, te pānga ki te oranga o te kiritaki, me ngā mea e tumanakohia ana e te kiritaki kia puta mai i te kaiārahi. Ko ētahi o ngā pātai āwhina ko:
– “He aha te mea i whakatau ai koe ki te haere mai inaianei?”
– “Mēnā he āwhina tēnei kaupapa tohutohu, he aha ngā panonitanga e tino hiahia ana koe kia kite?”
2. Whakatauhia ngā kaupapa matua
He maha ngā raruraru e pā ana ki ngā kiritaki i te wā kotahi. Ka āwhina ngā kaitohutohu i a rātou ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi arotahi tuatahi. Ka taea te whakatau i ngā kaupapa matua i runga i:
– te taumata o te whawhati tata (hei tauira, te haumaru, te mōrearea),
– te pānga nui rawa atu ki ngā mahi o te oranga,
– te rite o te kiritaki ki te huri,
– ngā tūponotanga angitu mō te wā poto.
3. Whakatakotohia ngā whāinga mō te wā roa me te wā poto
Ko ngā whāinga roa e whakaahua ana i te ahunga whānui (hei tauira, te whakapai ake i ngā whanaungatanga, ngā kare ā-roto pumau). Ko ngā whāinga poto he mahi pūmau ka taea te mahi i roto i te wā poto. He mea nui tēnei hanganga nā te mea me "ngā wikitoria iti" ngā kiritaki hei whakatenatena i a rātou.
Tauira:
– Mō te wā roa: “Te kaha ki te whakahaere i te manukanuka pāpori kia taea ai e koe te taunekeneke me te kore e karo i taua mea.”
– Wā poto: "I tēnei wiki, mihi atu ki ētahi hoa mahi tokorua, ka kōrero tahi mō te iti rawa o te 2 meneti."
4. Tāutuhia ngā arai me ngā rauemi
Ka āwhina ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro i ngā kiritaki ki te tautuhi i ngā arai me ngā tautoko pea. Kei roto i ngā arai ko ngā whakaaro ("Ka whakakahoretia ahau"), ngā kare ā-roto, ngā tikanga, te taiao, te kore pūkenga rānei. Kei roto i ngā rauemi ko te tautoko mai i te whānau, i ngā hoa, i te hapori, i ngā pūkenga o nāianei, i ngā wheako angitu o mua rānei.
5. Whakaritea he mahere mahi
Mā te mahere mahi ka whakamaoritia ngā whāinga ki ngā mahi whakahaere: he aha te mea hei mahi, āhea, kei hea, ko wai hei mahi tahi, me pēhea te aro atu ki ngā wero. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro te whakauru i ngā mahi pēnei i te tuhi i ngā tuhinga, te whakangungu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-whakaaro, ngā tikanga whakangā, te whakaaturanga āta haere rānei, i runga i te huarahi tohutohu e whakamahia ana.
6. Te aro turuki me te aromatawai i ia wā
I ia wāhanga, ka tono te kaiārahi i te kiritaki kia arotake i te ahunga whakamua: he aha te mea i angitu, he aha te mea kāore i angitu, me te take. Ko te kaupapa o te aromatawai ehara i te tuku he, engari he ako mai i te tukanga. Mena he uaua rawa te whāinga, ka taea te wehewehe kia iti ake. Mena he ngāwari rawa, ka taea te whakanui ake.
7. Arotakehia ngā whāinga me ngā whakarāpopototanga
I te whanaketanga o ngā kiritaki, me whakahou ake ngā whāinga. Hei tāpiri, ka āwhina ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro i ngā kiritaki ki te whakawhānui i ngā pūkenga ki ētahi atu āhuatanga kia pumau ai ngā huringa, kaua ko "te rūma tohutohu" anake.
Tauira o te Whakatinanatanga o te Whakatakoto Whāinga (Whakaahuatanga Take)
Hei tauira, ka tae mai tētahi kiritaki e amuamu ana mō te "auetanga mahi" me te kore e taea te aro atu ki tana rangatira. Whai muri i te rangahau anō, i kitea ko te ahotea i ahu mai i te uaua o te kiritaki ki te kī "kāo" me te mahi pinepine i ngā mahi nui rawa. Ko te whāinga tuatahi e tino kitea ana ko te "kore ahotea."
Kātahi ka āwhina te kaitohutohu ki te whakatakoto i ngā whāinga pakari ake:
– Whāinga poto: “I roto i te wiki kotahi, ka tautuhia e te kiritaki ngā āhuatanga e toru e hiahia ana ia ki te whakakore i tētahi mahi, ā, ka tuhia he rerenga whakakore mārire.”
– Whāinga whanonga: "I roto i ngā wiki e rua, ka ngana te kiritaki ki te whakakore i tētahi atu mahi me te rerenga kōrero whakaū kua whakaharatauhia."
– Aromatawai: “Ka arotakehia e te kiritaki te taumata o te manukanuka i mua atu, ā, i muri mai i te whakakorenga (hei tauira, i runga i te tauine 0–10) ā, ka matapakihia tēnei i roto i te wāhanga.”
Mā tēnei whāinga ka arotahi ake te huringa, ā, ka āwhina i te kiritaki kia whiwhi taunakitanga e taea ana e ia te mahi.
Ngā Wero i te Whakatakoto Whāinga me Me Pēhea te Whakakore i a rātou
Ko ētahi arai noa ko:
– Kāore te kiritaki i te rite, kei te pōhēhē rānei mō te whakatau i ngā whāinga
Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro te whakamahi i ngā pātai e hangai ana ki ngā otinga pēnei i te "Mēnā ka puta he merekara āpōpō, he aha te tohu tuatahi ka pai ake te raruraru?" hei whakaoho i te whakaaro kei te whai take.
– He nui rawa ngā whāinga, ā, ka pēhia te kiritaki
Wehea kia iti ngā mahi, arotahi ki te tukanga, me te whakanui i ngā ahunga whakamua iti.
– Ka pāngia ngā whāinga e te pēhanga mai i ētahi atu
Me tirotiro e ngā kaitohutohu te hihiri: mēnā ko ngā whāinga tūturu nā te kiritaki, he whakatutuki noa rānei i ngā hiahia o te whānau/hoa.
– Kāore te ahunga whakamua e tū tika ana
Whakamāramahia te āhua o te hokinga whakamuri. Whakamahia te aromatawai hei mārama ki ngā mea e whakaoho ana, hei whakapai ake hoki i ngā rautaki.
Te Katinga
Ko ngā tikanga whakatakoto whāinga i roto i te mahi tohutohu kei te pūtake o te tukanga huringa kua arotauhia. Mā ngā whāinga mārama, tūturu, ā, kua whakawhanakehia ngātahitia, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro me ngā kiritaki te hanga i tētahi mahere ara: mai i ngā raruraru koretake ki ngā mahi tūturu, ka taea te mahi. Ehara i te mea ko te "whakatutuki i ngā whāinga" anake te whakatakoto whāinga, engari ko te āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te mārama ki a rātou anō, ki te kimi i ngā pūtake kaha, me te whakawhanake i ngā tikanga hou, hauora. Ina whakatakotoria tika ngā whāinga, ā, ka arotakehia tonutia, ka nui ake te whai huatanga o te mahi tohutohu, ka nui ake te ine, ka nui ake te tikanga ki te oranga o ngā kiritaki.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga ki tētahi horopaki motuhake (kura, mahi, whānau, tohutohu haumanu rānei), tāpirihia he rārangi pukapuka, hangaia rānei he putanga me tētahi hanganga mātauranga (kupu whakataki–tikanga–kōrero–whakamutunga).
