Ngā Tikanga Tūhuratanga Kare ā-roto i roto i te Tohutohu
He wāhanga matua ngā kare ā-roto o te wheako tangata. I roto i te horopaki o te mahi tohutohu, ehara ngā kare ā-roto i te "tauhohenga" noa iho hei pehi, engari he kawe i ngā kōrero nui mō ngā hiahia, ngā uara, ngā patunga, ngā tumanako, me te whakamārama a te tangata i ngā kaupapa. Nō reira, ko te kaha o te kaitohutohu ki te āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te tūhura i ngā kare ā-roto me te haumaru me te whai take he pūkenga taketake. Ko ngā tikanga tūhura kare ā-roto i roto i te mahi tohutohu he āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te mōhio, ki te whakaingoa, ki te mārama, ki te whakapuaki, me te tukatuka i ngā kare ā-roto hei whakatairanga i ngā māramatanga hauora me ngā huringa whanonga.
He aha te hiranga o te tūhuratanga kare ā-roto?
He maha ngā kiritaki e haere mai ana me ngā amuamu "whakaaroaro": ngā raruraru mahi, ngā pakanga whānau, ngā whakataunga oranga, ngā tohu tinana rānei. Heoi, ko te pūtake o ēnei āwangawanga he maha ngā wā kei raro i ngā kare ā-roto kāore i arohia—pērā i te wehi kei whakakahoretia, te riri kua pehia, te pouri kāore i whakaaetia, te hara rānei e whakaiti ana i te whakaaro ki a ia anō. Ki te kore e tūhuratia ngā kare ā-roto, ka taka ngā kiritaki ki roto i ngā tauira kotahi: te karo, te pahūtanga, te whakapae i a rātou anō, ngā parepare pakari rānei. Mā te tūhuratanga kare ā-roto ka taea e ngā kiritaki te wheako i ngā kare ā-roto, te wetewete i ō rātou tikanga, me te kimi i ngā urupare urutau ake.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, mā te tūhura i ngā kare ā-roto ka whakapakari ake te whanaungatanga whakaora. Ina noho tahi ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro me te aroha, ka mārama, ka noho haumaru hoki ngā kiritaki. Mā tēnei wairua haumaru ka taea e ngā kiritaki te whakaatu i ngā wheako o roto kua huna i mua. Nō reira, kāore te whakataki kōrero e mutu noa i te "kōrero pakiwaitara" engari ka uru atu ki tētahi tukanga o te huringa tūturu.
Ngā mātāpono taketake o te tūhuratanga kare ā-roto
I mua i te matapaki i ngā tikanga, he mea nui kia mārama ki ngā mātāpono e hanga ana i te turanga:
1. Haumaru hinengaro: me noho haumaru, me noho pūmau hoki ngā kiritaki. Ko te whakaae, te aroha, me te noho muna te kaupapa matua a ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro.
2. Whāia te tere o te kiritaki: me āta haere te tūhuratanga o ngā kare ā-roto. Mēnā ka tere rawa te akiaki i te kiritaki ki roto i ngā kare ā-roto hohonu, ka taea te whakaoho i te whakakorenga, te whara anō rānei.
3. Whakamana me te kore e whakaae ki ngā whanonga katoa: ko te kī he "whaitake" ngā kare ā-roto o te kiritaki, kāore e whakamana i ngā mahi kino.
4. Te mōhio ki te tinana: he maha ngā wā ka puta ngā kare ā-tinana hei kare ā-tinana. Mā te hono i ngā kare ā-tinana ki te tinana ka āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te mōhio ki ō rātou tohu ā-roto.
5. Horopaki me te tikanga: ehara i te mea ko te "putanga" noa iho o ngā kare ā-roto te whāinga, engari kia mārama ki ngā pūtake, ki ngā mea e whakaoho ana, me ngā matea kei muri i aua kare ā-roto.
Ngā tikanga tūhuratanga kare ā-roto i roto i te tohutohu
Kei raro nei ētahi tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā momo huarahi tohutohu (humanistic, CBT, EFT, gestalt, me te integrative). Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro te whiriwhiri i runga i ngā hiahia o te kiritaki.
1. Te whakaata o ngā kare ā-roto
He tikanga taketake engari he tikanga kaha te whakaaroaro. Ka hopukina e te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro ngā kare ā-roto kei roto i te kōrero a te kiritaki, ā, ka whakarāpopototia i roto i tētahi rerenga poto. Hei tauira: "I taua wā, i tino pouri koe, i tino mokemoke hoki." Mā te whakaaroaro ka āwhina te kiritaki ki te whakaingoa i ngā kare ā-roto, kia mārama, kia hohonu ake hoki te tūhuratanga.
Kia whai hua ai, me tika te whakaaroaro, kaua e tino mārama rawa. Mēnā he nui rawa ngā whakapae a te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro, tera pea ka hē te mārama o te kiritaki. Nō reira, ka taea e te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro te whakamahi i ngā kīanga pēnei i te "me te mea nei" me te "he pono rānei..." hei whakarite kia tika.
2. Te whakamārama me ngā pātai tuwhera e aro ana ki ngā kare ā-roto
Mā ngā pātai tuwhera ka āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te neke atu i te kōrero o te kaupapa ki te wheako kare ā-roto. Hei tauira:
– “He aha te mea i tino whakararuraru i a koe mō te kaupapa?”
– “I tana kōrerotanga i tēnā, he aha ōu kare ā-roto?”
– “Mehemea ka taea e ngā kare ā-roto te kōrero, he aha tā rātou e kōrero ai?”
Me tino tika ngā pātai, kaua e pātai noa, ā, me taurite hoki me ngā wā okioki. I ētahi wā, me whai wā ngā kiritaki ki te uru atu ki ngā kare ā-roto kua pehia.
3. Whakamanahia ngā kare ā-roto
Ko te whakamana ko te mōhio he mārama ngā kare ā-roto o te kiritaki i roto i te horopaki o ō rātou wheako. Tērā pea he pēnei te ahua, "He mea maori kia riri koe i muri i te pēnei o te mahi." Mā te whakamana ka whakaitihia te whakama me te tiaki i a koe anō, ka māmā ake te tūhura hohonu a te kiritaki.
Heoi, me wehewehe te whakamana i te whakaae ki ngā whanonga. Ka taea e ngā kaitohutohu te whakamana i ngā kare ā-roto me te whakatenatena tonu i ngā kiritaki ki te aromatawai i ngā urupare hauora ake: "He mea mārama te riri; me kimi he huarahi hei whakapuaki i te riri me te kore e whara."
4. Te whakatōpū i te kare ā-roto (te whakatōpū i te kare ā-roto)
Mā tēnei tikanga ka āwhina ngā kiritaki ki te ine i te kaha o ō rātou kare ā-roto kia kitea whānuitia ai. Ka taea e ngā kaitohutohu te pātai, "I runga i te tauine mai i te 0 ki te 10, e hia te manukanuka o tō hinengaro i tēnei wā?" He pai te ine ine hei aroturuki i ngā huringa i te wā o te wānanga, hei āwhina hoki i ngā kiritaki ki te tautuhi i ngā mea e whakaoho ana i te pikinga, te hekenga rānei o ngā kare ā-roto.
Mā te whakawhanui ka huaki te wāhi mō ngā rautaki whakahaere kare ā-roto: "He aha i heke ai te 8 ki te 6?" Mā tēnei, ka ako te kiritaki ki te mōhio ki ōna ake rauemi o roto.
5. Te tapanga i ngā kare ā-roto me te whakawhānui i ngā kupu kare ā-roto
He maha ngā kiritaki e mōhio ana ki ngā tapanga whānui pēnei i te "pōuri," te "riri," te "āwangawanga rānei." Heoi anō, he rerekētanga anō ō ngā kare ā-roto: te pouri, te whakaiti, te riri, te manukanuka, te manukanuka, te wehi, te ngakaukore, te koretake, te hae, te whakamarie rānei. Ka taea e ngā kaitohutohu te āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te whakawhānui ake i ā rātou kupu kare ā-roto kia mārama ake ai ki ō rātou wheako o roto.
Ko te tika ake o te tapanga o tētahi kare ā-roto, ko te māmā ake o te tautuhi i te matea matua. Hei tauira, ka taea e te "riri" te huna i te "wehi" me te "whakama". Ina whakakitea ēnei paparanga, ka tika ake ngā wawaotanga.
6. Arotahi ki te tinana (arotahi tinana)
Kei roto i te tinana ngā kare ā-roto e noho ana: he uma kikī, he poto te manawa, he puku mārō, he pakihiwi taumaha, he ringaringa wiri rānei. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro te akiaki i ngā kiritaki ki te pātai pēnei i te, "Kei hea i roto i tō tinana koe e tino rongo ana i tēnei?" Kātahi, "Mēnā he āhua, he tae rānei te kare ā-roto, he aha te āhua?"
Mā tēnei huarahi ka āwhina i ngā kiritaki kia noho i te ao tūroa, kia noho mārama hoki ki te ao o nāianei, kia whakaitihia ai te whakaaro nui rawa, ā, kia noho haumaru ai hoki hei wāhi mō ngā kare ā-roto e uaua ana ki te whakapuaki mā te kupu.
7. Te tikanga tūru kau
I ahu mai i te rongoā Gestalt, he whai hua te tikanga tūru kau mō te tūhura i ngā kare ā-roto e pā ana ki ngā whanaungatanga tangata: te riri, te pouri, te hiahia, te pouri rānei. Ka whakaarohia e te kiritaki tētahi tangata motuhake e noho ana i te tūru kau, kātahi ka kōrero tika mō ngā mea kāore i kōrerotia. Ka āwhina te kaitohutohu ki te pupuri i te tere kia noho haumaru te kiritaki, kia kore ai hoki e taumaha.
Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i tēnei tikanga mō te kōrero ā-roto, hei tauira, i waenganui i te "wāhanga e hiahia ana kia tino tika" me te "wāhanga ngenge." Ko te mutunga mai he māramatanga mō ngā kare ā-roto me ngā matea e taupatupatu ana.
8. Te whakahou i te tikanga o ngā kare ā-roto
Mā te whakahou i te āhua o ngā kare ā-roto ka āwhina i ngā kiritaki kia kite i ngā kare ā-roto hei tohu, ehara i te hoariri. Hei tauira, ka taea te mārama ki te manukanuka hei tohu kei te takahia tetahi mea nui; ka taea e te riri te tohu kei te takahia tetahi rohe; ka taea e te pouri te tohu i tetahi mate e tika ana kia tukatukahia. Mā te whakahou tika ka taea e ngā kiritaki te whakaae ake ki ō rātou kare ā-roto, ka arahi ki te tūhuratanga whai hua ake.
9. Pukatuhi kare ā-roto me te mahere whakaoho
I tua atu i ngā wānanga, ka taea e ngā kaiārahi te whakarite i tētahi pukatuhi kare ā-roto: te tuhi i ngā kaupapa whakaoho, ngā whakaaro aunoa, ngā kare ā-roto e puta ake ana, tō rātou kaha, ngā kare ā-tinana, me ngā urupare. Ka puta ngā tauira: ko ēhea ngā āhuatanga e tino whakaoho ana, ko ēhea ngā kare ā-roto e kaha ana, me ēhea ngā rautaki aro atu he āwhina, he kino rānei. Ka tautokohia e tētahi pukatuhi kare ā-roto te tūhuratanga whai kiko ake i ngā wānanga e whai ake nei.
10. Te whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto hei tautoko i te tūhuratanga
Ka taea e te tūhuratanga kore ture te whakararu i ngā kiritaki. Nō reira, he maha ngā wā ka whakakotahi ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro i te tūhuratanga me ngā tikanga whakaū pēnei i ngā mahi manawa, te whakatōtika i te whenua, te whakangāwari i ngā uaua, ngā wā whakaaroaro poto rānei. Ehara i te mea ko te karo i ngā kare ā-roto te whāinga, engari ko te pupuri i ngā kiritaki ki roto i te "matapihi manawanui" kia taea ai e rātou te tukatuka i ngā kare ā-roto me te kore e tino taumaha.
Ngā wero noa me pēhea te whakatau i aua raruraru
Kāore e ngāwari ki ngā kiritaki katoa te uru atu ki ō rātou kare ā-roto. Ko ētahi kua taunga ki te pehi i ngā kare ā-roto nā te ahurea, te whakatipuranga, te whara rānei. Ko ētahi e mataku ana kei kitea he ngoikore. Ka taea e ngā kaitohutohu te tīmata ki ngā mea ngāwari ake: te mātakitaki i ngā kare ā-tinana, te tuku kupu kare ā-roto, te tūhura rānei i ngā āhuatanga iti ake te kaha i te tuatahi. Me aro hoki ngā kaitohutohu ki ngā tohu o te taumaha o te kiritaki: te manawa tere, te wehe, te pōhēhē rānei. Mena ka puta ēnei, ka whai mana ngā wawaotanga whakatau.
Te Katinga
Ehara i te mea ko te whakatangi, te whakaputa rānei i ngā kare ā-roto ngā tikanga tūhura kare ā-roto i roto i te mahi tohutohu. Ko te whāinga matua he āwhina i ngā kare ā-roto ki te mārama ki ngā karere kare ā-roto, ki te hono atu ki ō rātou hiahia me ō rātou wheako ora, kātahi ka kimi huarahi hauora hei whakautu. Mā te whakaaroaro kare ā-roto, ngā pātai tuwhera, te whakamana, te tauine, te arotahi tinana, te tūru takoto kau, te whakahou, te tuhi i ngā kare ā-roto, me te tautoko ture, ka taea e ngā kaiārahi te whakahaere i tētahi tukanga haumaru, hohonu, me te whai tikanga. Hei whakamutunga, mā te tūhura kare ā-roto whai hua ka whakanui ake i te mōhiotanga o ngā kare ā-roto ki a rātou anō, te kounga o te whanaungatanga, me te manawanui hinengaro i roto i te whakatere i ngā nekehanga o te ao.
