He aha te Tohutohu Tātari
Ko te tohutohu tātari he huarahi tohutohu e aro ana ki te māramatanga hohonu ake ki a koe anō—ina koa ko ngā pakanga o roto, ngā tauira kare ā-roto, me ngā wheako o mua e awe ana i te whakaaro me te whanonga o te tangata i tēnei wā. He maha ngā wā e hono ana tēnei huarahi ki ngā tikanga tuku iho o te hinengaro tātari me te psychoanalysis, e whakanui ana ko ngā raruraru o waho (hei tauira, te manukanuka, ngā uauatanga whanaungatanga, te iti o te whakaaro ki a ia anō) he maha ngā wā ka ahu mai i ngā tukanga hinengaro hohonu ake, kāore i te tino mōhio. Ko te whāinga o te tohutohu tātari ehara i te mea ko te whakakore wawe i ngā tohu, engari ko te āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te mārama ki te tikanga kei muri i aua tohu me te whakatairanga i ngā huringa whānui ake me te pumau.
Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te Tohutohu Tātari
I roto i te kaupapa tohutohu tātari, e tirohia ana te tangata he oranga ā-roto uaua. He wāhanga iti noa iho te hinengaro mōhio o te wheako hinengaro tangata. Kei raro iho ko te hinengaro kore mōhio, e pupuri ana i ngā maharatanga, ngā kare ā-roto kua pehia, ngā hiahia kāore anō kia tutuki, me ngā tauira whanaungatanga i hangaia i te tīmatanga o te ao. Ina noho tonu ēnei huānga kāore i tukatukahia, ka puta hei amuamu hinengaro, hei pakanga whanaungatanga rānei.
Hei tauira, ko te tangata e mataku tonu ana i te whakarērea, tera pea ka puta he "tino tairongo" he "manaaki" rānei i roto i ngā whanaungatanga. Heoi, mai i te tirohanga a te kaunihera tātari, ko ēnei whanonga he tohu pea nō ngā wheako o mua—pērā i te ngaronga o tētahi hoa rangatira, te koretake o te mātua, te whakakorenga rānei—nāna i hanga te whakapono huna ko te whanaungatanga piripono ka arahi tonu ki te ngaronga.
Nō reira, ka akiakihia e te kaupapa tohutohu tātari ngā tāngata takitahi kia titiro ki ngā raruraru hei tohu hinengaro, kaua hei mea hei whakararuraru noa iho. Ka māramahia ngā tohu hei "karere" e tohu ana i te tangata ki ngā wāhanga o rātou anō e hiahia ana kia arohia, kia māramahia, kia whakaorangia hoki.
Te Whāinga Matua o te Tohutohu Tātari
Ka rerekē pea ngā whāinga o te tohutohu tātari i ia tangata, i ia tangata, engari ko te nuinga o te wā ko ēnei e whai ake nei:
1. Whakanuia te mōhio ki a koe anō
Ka āwhinahia ngā kiritaki kia kite i ngā tauira whakaaro, kare ā-roto, me ngā whanonga e hokihoki mai ana—me te mārama hoki ki ngā pūtake o aua tauira.
2. Te whakaatu me te tukatuka i ngā pakanga o roto
He maha ngā wā ka puta te manukanuka, te pōhēhē rānei i ngā taupatupatu i waenganui i ngā hiahia, ngā uara, ngā wehi, ngā matea rānei e rerekē ana. Mā te tohutohu tātari ka taea te whakaingoa me te mārama ki ēnei taupatupatu.
3. Whakauruhia ngā wheako o mua ki te ao o nāianei
Kāore te wā o mua i te "ngaro" i ngā wā katoa; ka taea tonu te noho tonu i roto i ō tātou tauhohenga kare ā-roto o nāianei. Mā te mārama ki tēnei, ka taea e ngā kiritaki te whiriwhiri i ngā tauhohenga hauora ake.
4. Te hanga whanaungatanga hauora
He maha ngā raruraru hinengaro e puta ake ana i roto i te horopaki o ngā whanaungatanga. Ka tirohia e te kaupapa tohutohu tātari ngā tauira whanaungatanga, tae atu ki te tirohanga a ngā kiritaki ki a rātou anō me ētahi atu.
5. Whakatenatenahia te tipu hinengaro
Haunga te whakaoti rapanga, ko te whāinga o te tohutohu tātari he āwhina i te tangata kia whanake hei tangata tino tika—kia pai ake ai te whakaae ki a rātou anō, te whakatau i ngā whiringa mohio, me te noho i runga i ō rātou uara.
He Pēhea te Mahi a te Tukanga Tohutohu Tātari?
Ko te tikanga, ko te kōrerorero tātari he kōrero hōhonu i waenganui i te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro/kaiwhakaora hinengaro me te kiritaki. Kāore te kaiwhakaora hinengaro e tuku noa i ngā tohutohu whaihua, engari ka āwhina i te kiritaki ki te tūhura i ngā wheako o roto mā te āta whakaaroaro. Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga ko:
1. Te tūhura i ngā kōrero o te ao me ngā wheako kare ā-roto
He maha ngā wā ka tīmata te rongoā i te amuamu matua a te kiritaki, kātahi ka whānui ake ki ngā wheako whānui. Tērā pea ka pātai te kaiwhakaora mō ngā wheako o tōna tamarikitanga, ngā whanaungatanga whānau, ngā wheako nui, ngā kaupapa rānei kua kitea he "whakarerekē" i te tangata.
2. Te whai i ngā tauira e tāruaruatia ana
Ka āwhina ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro i ngā kiritaki kia kite i ngā hononga noa i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Ka puta ake ēnei tauira i roto i ngā whanaungatanga, i te mahi, i te āhua o tā rātou whakahaere i ngā pakanga, i te āhua rānei o tā rātou urupare ki ngā whakahē. He maha ngā wā ka whakaratohia e ngā tauira auau he ara ki ngā take ngaro.
3. Kia aro ki ngā kare ā-roto e puta ake ana i te wā o te wānanga.
I roto i te kaupapa tohutohu tātari, he mea nui ngā mea e tupu ana i roto i te rūma tohutohu. Tērā pea ka pā te riri, te pouri, te whakama, te wehi rānei ki ngā kiritaki ina kōrero ana mō ētahi mea. Ka āwhina te kaiwhakaora hinengaro ki te waihanga i tētahi wāhi hei māramatanga mō ēnei kare ā-roto, kaua hei karo.
4. Te whakamārama me te whakaaroaro
I ētahi wā ka tukuna e ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro ngā whakamāramatanga—arā, ngā huarahi ki te mārama ki tētahi tohu, ki tētahi wheako rānei mai i tētahi tirohanga hohonu. Ehara ngā whakamāramatanga i te mea akiaki, engari he mea tuku hei whakaaroaro ka taea te tirotiro ngātahi.
5. Tukanga āta haere, ā, pumau tonu
Nā te mea e aro ana ki ngā paparanga hinengaro hohonu, ehara i te mea he tukanga tere te mahi tohutohu tātari. Me whai wā, me tuwhera, me whai hononga whakaora haumaru kia taea ai e ngā kiritaki te tūhura i ngā wheako uaua, mamae rānei.
Ngā Tikanga e Whakamahia Ana
He maha ngā tikanga o te tohutohu tātari e puta pinepine ana, ahakoa ka rerekē te whakamahinga i runga i te huarahi a te kaiwhakaora hinengaro. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko:
– Te whakahoahoa noa: ka akiakihia ngā kiritaki ki te kōrero i ngā mea katoa e puta ake ana ki te hinengaro, me te kore e tātari nui rawa, kia kitea ai ngā tauira ngaro.
– Te tātari moemoeā: e kitea ana ngā moemoeā hei huarahi ki te mārama ki ngā tohu, ki ngā wehi, ki ngā matea rānei kāore e puta tonu mai i te āhua mohio.
– Te tūhuratanga o ngā whanaketanga whanaungatanga (tae atu ki te whakawhiti): ko ngā kare ā-roto o te kiritaki ki te kaiwhakaora hinengaro ka whakaata pea i ngā tauira whanaungatanga o mua, kia mārama ai, kia tukatukahia ai.
– Te mahi tahi me ngā tohu me te whakaaro auaha: inā koa i roto i ētahi tikanga tātari, ka whakamahia ngā tohu hei mārama ki te tikanga o te wheako o roto.
Ehara ēnei tikanga i te "tinihanga," engari he taputapu hei whakahōhonu ake i te māramatanga ki a koe anō. Ko te mea nui ko te kounga o te whanaungatanga whakaora: te haumaru, te whakawhirinaki, me te pono.
Ko wai te tangata e tika ana mō te Tohutohu Tātari?
He pai te tohutohu tātari mō te hunga e rapu ana i te māramatanga hohonu ki a rātou anō, ā, e hiahia ana ki te whai i tētahi tukanga whakaaroaro. He pai tonu tēnei huarahi mō ngā āhuatanga pēnei i:
– te manukanuka e hokihoki mai ana, he uaua ki te whakamārama i te take,
– te pouri, te koretake rānei o te hinengaro,
– ngā raruraru whanaungatanga e puta tonu ana,
– ngā patunga kare ā-roto o mua (hei tauira, te whakarērea, te mate, ngā wheako mamae rānei),
– te raruraru tuakiri, te pōhēhē rānei mō te ahunga o te ora,
– te uaua ki te whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto, te hara, te hiahia kia tino tika rawa.
Heoi, ehara i te mea ko te tohutohu tātari anake te kōwhiringa. Mō ētahi tāngata e hiahia ana ki tētahi rautaki tere, hanganga hoki mō ngā tohu motuhake, he pai ake pea ētahi atu huarahi. Ko te mea pai, me whakarite te momo tohutohu ki ngā hiahia, ngā manakohanga, me te āhua hinengaro o te kiritaki.
Ngā Rerekētanga me te Tohutohu Aratohu Ake
He rerekē ki te kaupapa tohutohu e aro nui ana ki ngā otinga tere, ki te whakangungu whanonga rānei, ko te kaupapa tohutohu tātari he:
– he nui ake te aro ki te take e mahi ai, e kare ā-roto ai rānei tētahi tangata i tētahi ara,
– te tūhura i ngā wheako o mua me ngā āhuatanga o te ao ngaro,
– te tukatuka hohonu i ngā kare ā-roto uaua,
– kia neke mā te māramatanga me te whakaurunga, kaua ko te huringa whanonga anake.
Heoi, ehara tēnei i te kī kāore te kaupapa tohutohu tātari e whakaputa i ngā huringa tūturu. Inaa, mā te mārama ki te pūtake o te raruraru, he maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā kiritaki e ngā huringa roa ake—hei tauira, te kaha ake ki te whakatū rohe hauora, te whiriwhiri i te hoa tika, te whakaiti rānei i ngā tauhohenga kare ā-roto.
Te Katinga
Ko te tohutohu tātari he huarahi e āwhina ana i te tangata ki te tūhura hohonu i ō rātou oranga ā-roto kia mārama ai ki te pūtake o ngā raruraru hinengaro. Mā te tūhura i ngā wheako, ngā kare ā-roto, me ngā tauira e hokihoki mai ana, ka akiakihia ngā kiritaki ki te kite i ngā wāhanga o rātou anō kua huna, kua warewarehia rānei. Ahakoa he roa te tukanga, mō te tini, mā te tohutohu tātari ka whakaratohia he ara ki te whiwhi i te māramatanga whānui ake ki a rātou anō, te whakapai ake i ngā whanaungatanga, me te noho ora me te mōhio nui ake.
Ki te hiahia koe ki te whakamātau i te ratonga tohutohu tātari, he mahi pai tuatahi ko te kimi i tētahi tohunga hinengaro, i tētahi kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro rānei, he mātau ki ngā huarahi tātari, me te matapaki i ō whāinga me ō hiahia. Mēnā he tautoko tika, ka taea e tēnei tukanga te noho hei wāhi haumaru mō te kimi i a koe anō, te whakahaere mamae, me te tipu hinengaro.
