Ngā Hangarau Whakapiri Wera Hou mō ngā Rorohiko Papamahi
I te ao rorohiko papamahi, ko ngā kōrero mō te mahi ka aro ki ngā tukatuka, ngā kāri whakairoiro, me te tere o te mahara. Heoi, kotahi te wāhanga iti e kore e kitea, ahakoa tōna pānga nui ki te pumau me te roa o te ora: ko te whakapiri wera. Ko te whakapiri wera he rauemi kawe wera e whakanohoia ana i waenganui i te mata o te tukatuka (IHS/Integrated Heat Spreader) me te whakamahana/whakamatao hei whakakī i ngā āputa moroiti e kore e kitea. Ko ēnei āputa moroiti, ina waiho kia kī tonu i te hau, ka mahi hei ārai wera. Nō reira, ka piki ake te pāmahana o te CPU, ka tere ake te hurihuri o ngā pā, ka piki ake te haruru o te pūnaha, ā, ka heke te mahi nā te whakawhāititanga.
I te pikinga ake o ngā TDP tukatuka me ngā au o te overclocking, kei te whanake haere hoki te hangarau whakapiri wera. Ehara i te mea ko te kawe wera teitei anake te mea e whaia ana e ngā kaihanga, engari ko te roa o te wā, te pumau o te huringa wera, te ngāwari o te tono, me te haumaru o ngā rauemi. E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga ngā whanaketanga hou o te whakapiri wera papamahi, ngā momo auahatanga, me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te mea tika mō ō hiahia.
He aha te hiranga o te whakapiri wera?
He hoahoa maramara iti ngā CPU hou, he nui ngā transistors, ā, he tere te huri o ngā tauira mahi. Ka taea e ngā pāmahana te tino rerekē i roto i ngā hēkona ruarua—hei tauira, i te wā e petipeti ana, e whakaatu ana, e whakahiato ana rānei. Me whakamahi he whakapiri wera hei ātete i te "pahū-waho" mō ēnei huringa wera, he āhuatanga e panaia ai te whakapiri ki waho o te wāhi pa nā te whānui me te whakahekenga tonu. Mena ka puta he pahū-waho, ka pāngia te mahi whakamatao, ahakoa he pouaka whakamatao kounga teitei.
Hei tāpiritanga, he maha ngā kaiwhakamahi rorohiko papamahi e whakamahi ana i ngā pouaka whakamatao wai AIO, ngā whakamahana nui, ngā pūnaha rānei he pēhanga whakamau motuhake. Me kaha ngā whakapiri hou ki te mahi pai i raro i ngā pēhanga whakamau rerekē, ā, me noho pumau tonu mō te wā roa.
Ngā Auahatanga Hangarau Whakapiri Wera Hou
1. He tauira kore-arahi hiko, he haumaru ake, engari he kaha tonu
I ngā wā o mua, i honoa te whakapiri wera mahi-teitei ki ngā rauemi pea ka taea te kawe hiko (hei tauira, kei roto he konganuku, he matūriki rānei). Ināianei, he maha ngā kaihanga kei te whakawhanake i ngā whakapiri kore-kawe hiko e tuku tonu ana i te mahi wera teitei. He mea nui tēnei hei whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā ara iahiko poto mēnā ka nui rawa te whakauru o te whakapiri, ā, ka pā ki ngā wāhanga iti huri noa i te putanga hiko.
Ka tutuki ngā mahi auaha mā te hanganga o ngā matūriki uku, waro, pūmua rānei me ngā whakakī hei whakapai ake i te rahi me te tohatoha o ngā matūriki. Ko te hua he whakapiri e ngāwari ana te hora, kāore hoki e matotoru rawa, engari he pai ake te kawe i te wera.
2. Ngā matūriki nano me te tohatoha rahi tika ake
Ko tētahi whanaketanga nui ko te whakamahinga o ngā matūriki nano me te whakahaere i te tohatoha rahi o te matūriki. Ko te whakapiri wera he "piriti" e whakakī ana i ngā hapa o te mata. Ko te tika ake o te rahi o te matūriki, ko te pai ake o te whakakī a te whakapiri i ngā āputa moroiti me te kore e hanga i ngā āputa hau.
Ko te hangarau hou rawa atu ka whakakotahi i ngā rahi matūriki maha (te tohatoha maha-ahu). Ka whakakīia e ngā matūriki nunui te rūma matua, ko ngā matūriki iti ia ka whakakīia ngā āputa i waenganui i a rātou. Ka āwhina tēnei rautaki ki te whakapai ake i te pā wera me te whakaiti i ngā huringa mahi i roto i ngā marama maha o te whakamahinga.
3. Te Matatini Arotau mō te Whakamahinga Māmā me te Pūmau
He maha ngā momo momo tono e pai ake ana ki ngā kaiwhakamahi rorohiko papamahi: te tikanga "pī", te tikanga "raina", te tikanga "X", te horapa angiangi rānei. He maha ngā whakapiri hou kua hangaia kia pumau i raro i ēnei tikanga rerekē. Ka whakatikatikahia e ngā kaihanga te matotoru kia kore ai te whakapiri e rere ngāwari ina wera, engari kia matotoru hoki kia uaua ai te horapa ina pēhia te whakamahana.
Ko ētahi o ngā hua hou e whakatairanga ana i ngā āheinga "horapa-ake" i raro i te pēhanga whakapuru, kia rite tonu ai ngā hua tono ahakoa mō te hunga tīmata.
4. Ātete Pai Ake ki te Papu me te Maroke
Ko ngā hoariri nui e rua o te whakapiri wera ko te papu-waho me te whakamaroke. Ka taea e ngā whakatupuranga tawhito o te whakapiri te whakapakeke i muri i te roa o te wera, ka whakararu i te whakawhiti wera, ka uaua hoki te horoi. He maha ngā tauira inaianei kei roto ngā whakaū hei āwhina i te whakapiri kia roa ake te makuku me te kore e tino waiwai.
Ka kitea nuitia tēnei whakapainga i ngā papamahi e pāngia pinepine ana e ngā kawenga nui, e ngā pāmahana rūma wera rānei. Ka mau tonu te pāmahana ōrite o te whakapiri ātete-pamu, ā, he iti ake te hiahia kia whakakapia i ia wā.
5. Rauemi Atanga Wera Huri-Āhua (PCM)
Haunga ngā whakapiri noa, kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā PCM (ngā rauemi whakarerekē-āhua) mō ngā kaiwhakamahi e rapu ana i te pumau mō te wā roa. Ka puta mai ngā PCM i roto i te āhua o ngā papa, ngā whakapiri rānei e whakangawari ana i ētahi pāmahana, ā, ka whakakī pai i ngā āputa moroiti, kātahi ka whakapakeke anō ina whakamatao. Ko ngā painga ko te pumau me te whakamahinga ma. Ko ngā ngoikoretanga: i ētahi wā ka hiahiatia he huringa wera maha kia tutuki ai te mahi tino pai, ā, ka nui ake te utu.
Mō ngā rorohiko papamahi, he pai te PCM mō ngā kaiwhakamahi e hiahia ana ki te "mono kotahi, ka whakahaere tonu", inā koa mō ngā pūnaha kāore i te tino wetewetehia.
6. Kei te piki haere te mōhiotia o te konganuku wai (LM), engari kei te mau tonu ngā mōrearea.
He tino teitei te kawe wera o ngā konganuku wai pērā i te koranu gallium, ā, ka taea e rātou te whakaiti i te pāmahana i ngā whakapiri noa, inā koa i raro i ngā kawenga taumaha. Heoi, e kiia tonu ana tēnei hangarau he hangarau "motuhake" nā te mea:
– He kawe hiko (mōrearea o te ara iahiko poto).
– Ka taea te tauhohe ki te konumohe (te waikura), nō reira he mea tino pai mō te whakamahi me ngā mata whakakikoruatia ki te parahi/nikora.
– Me tino tupato ngā tono, me te hiahia kia wehea te rohe huri noa i te CPU.
I runga i ngā rorohiko papamahi, ko te whakarewa wai te mea e whakamahia ana e te hunga e hiahia ana ki te whakamahi i te whakarewatanga tere, i ngā pūnaha mahi tino kaha rānei. Mō te hunga whakamahi whānui, he tino pai te whakapiri kore-arataki hou, ā, he haumaru ake.
Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te whakapiri wera hou mō ngā papamahi
1. Whakatairangahia te pumau, kaua ko ngā tau W/mK anake
Kāore ngā tatauranga kawe wera kei runga i te takai e whakaata tonu i te mahi tuturu. Ko te mea nui ake ko te āhua o te pumau o te whakapiri ki ngā huringa wera, me te ngāwari o te papu ki waho, me te ōrite o ngā hua.
2. Whakarerekētia kia whakamahia:
– Mō te petipeti me te whakamahinga o ia rā: he mea tino pai te whakamahi i tētahi whakapiri kounga teitei, kāore e kawe hiko, ā, he roa te mau.
– Te mahi tātuhi taumaha/rorohiko mō te wā roa: whiriwhiria he whakapiri e mōhiotia ana he ātete ki te maroke, ā, he pumau te mahi i ngā pāmahana tiketike.
– Te whakanui rawa i te tere o te mahi: he wai whakarewa, he whakapiri rānei te mahi tino pai, ki te mārama koe ki ngā mōrearea.
3. Whakaarohia te ngāwari o te tono me te horoi
Ka uaua te paninga ki te whakapiri matotoru rawa, engari ka horapa pea ki te whakapiri wai. Mō te whakamahi i te kāinga, whiriwhiria tētahi he taurite, he ngāwari hoki te horoi ki te waipiro isopropyl.
Ngā Tikanga Tāutanga e Tautoko ana i te Mahi o te Whakapiri Wera
Ahakoa te hangarau whakapiri pai rawa atu, ka rahua pea mēnā kāore i te pai te tāutanga. Kia tino mohio:
– He ma ngā mata o te CPU me te whakamahana (kāore he puehu, he toenga rānei).
– Whakamahia te nui tika o te whakapiri—ka ārai pea te whakapiri ki te nui rawa, ka waiho he āputa ki te iti rawa.
– Tāutahia te whakamahana kia ōrite te pēhanga, ā, whakaukia ngā tīwiri kia rite ki te tauira whakawhiti mēnā ka taea.
– Aroturukihia te pāmahana i muri i te tāutanga (i te wā e noho mangere ana, i te wā e utaina ana) kia mōhio ai he noa ngā hua.
Whakamutunga
Ahakoa te āhua māmā noa iho o te whakapiri wera, he wāhanga nui ia o te pūnaha whakamatao rorohiko papamahi. Kei te neke haere ngā hangarau hou ki ngā tauira haumaru ake (kore-arataki), he huringa wera pumau ake (ārai-pahū me te ārai-maroke), me te ngāwari ake o te tono. Mā ngā auahatanga pēnei i ngā matūriki nano, te tohatoha rahi matūriki tika, me ngā rauemi huringa-āhua ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi papamahi te whakatutuki i ngā pāmahana iti ake me te mahi pumau ake me te kore e raruraru ki te whakakapinga whakapiri pinepine.
Hei whakamutunga, ehara i te mea ko te kimi noa i te hua he nui te kawe hiko e hiahiatia ana hei whiriwhiri i te whakapiri wera pai rawa atu. Ko te mea nui ko tōna ōrite ki ō hiahia, te ngāwari o te tono, me te roa o te ora. Mā te whiriwhiri tika i te whakapiri wera hou me te tāutanga tika, ka taea e tō rorohiko papamahi te oma mātao ake, te marino ake, me te pumau ake mō te wā roa.
