Hangarau rokiroki RAID i runga i ngā pona
Kāore te whanaketanga o ngā pona hou e herea noa ki ngā hoahoa angiangi me te māmā ake, engari ki ngā āheinga rokiroki tere ake, nui ake, me te haumaru ake. Koinei te wāhi e noho ai te RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) hei kaupapa whakamere. Ko te RAID he hangarau e whakakotahi ana i ngā pāpāho rokiroki e rua, neke atu rānei (SSD, HDD rānei) hei mahi tahi mō tētahi kaupapa motuhake: te whakapai ake i te mahi, te whakanui ake i te pono o ngā raraunga, ngā mea e rua rānei. Ahakoa he rongonui ake te RAID i roto i ngā tūmau me ngā teihana mahi, ko tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā pona—ina koa ko ngā mea kei roto i ngā akomanga petipeti, kaihanga, me ngā akomanga ngaio—kei te piki haere te hiranga nā te pikinga ake o te hiahia mō te tere me te haumarutanga raraunga.
He aha te RAID, ā, me pēhea tana mahi?
He māmā noa iho, ka whakamahia e te RAID ngā puku maha hei whakarite raraunga i tētahi ara motuhake. Ko ētahi whirihoranga RAID ka whakamahi i te striping hei tere ake te tuhi raraunga, ko ētahi ka whakamahi i te mirroring hei tārua i ngā raraunga mēnā ka rahua tētahi puku. Ko ētahi taumata RAID ka whakakotahi i ngā mea e rua.
I runga i ngā pona rorohiko, ka whakatinanahia te RAID mā te whakamahi i ngā SSD NVMe e rua (he maha ngā wā kei roto i te whakatakotoranga M.2) he huinga rānei o te SSD me te HDD, ahakoa ko te huinga hou e tino kitea ana ko ngā SSD NVMe e rua nā te mea he iti te rahi me te mahi teitei. Heoi, he mea nui kia mōhio: kāore ngā pona katoa e tautoko i te RAID. Ko te tautoko e whakawhirinaki ana ki te maha o ngā mokowā rokiroki, te tautoko BIOS/UEFI, me te kaiwhakahaere e whakamahia ana—ahakoa he chipset, he otinga pūmanawa rānei.
Ko te take e tīmata ai te kitea o te RAID i roto i ngā pona
E toru ngā take matua e whakaarohia ai e ngā kaiwhakamahi te RAID i runga i te pona:
1. Te mahi teitei ake
Ka taea e ngā mahi pēnei i te whakatika ataata 4K/8K, te whakahiato waehere nui, te whakahaere huinga raraunga, te uta kēmu taumaha rānei te whai hua mai i te nui ake o te rokiroki.
2. Te pono me te haumarutanga o ngā raraunga
He maha ngā wā ka haria ngā pona, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te taka, te ru, te whakamahinga kore rānei i te pai. Ka taea e te RAID me te taurua te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te ngaronga raraunga nā te rahunga o te puku.
3. Te whakahaere i te kaha
Mā te whakakotahi i ngā puku e rua kia puta hei rōrahi kotahi ka māmā ake te whakahaere wehewehe—ahakoa ehara tēnei i te kaupapa matua o te nuinga o ngā RAID e taunakitia ana.
Ngā taumata RAID noa me ngā taumata e tika ana mō ngā pona
Kāore e pai ana ngā taumata RAID katoa mō ngā pona rorohiko. Anei ngā taumata e tino kitea ana:
1) RAID 0 (Striping) – arotahi tere
Ka wehea ngā raraunga e te RAID 0 i waenga i ngā puku e rua, ka tauwhitiwhiti i waenga i a rāua. Ko te painga ko te pai ake o te mahi pānui/tuhi nā te mea ka mahi tahi ngā puku e rua. He rongonui tēnei i runga i ngā pona petipeti, i ngā pona kaihanga rānei e aro nui ana ki te uta tere me te whakawhiti kōnae nui.
Heoi, he nui te mōrearea: kāore he tāruarua. Mēnā ka rahua tētahi puku, ka ngaro pea ngā raraunga katoa i roto i te rarangi RAID 0. Nō reira, he haumaru ake te RAID 0 me ngā mahi tārua matatau (hei tauira, ki te kapua, ki tētahi puku o waho rānei).
Te taikaha:
– Te mahi tino pai (ina koa i runga i ngā kawenga raupapa nui)
– Te tapeke o te kaha = te whakakotahitanga o ngā puku katoa
Te korenga:
– He nui te mōrearea o te ngaronga raraunga mēnā ka rahua tētahi o ngā puku
– He uaua ake te whakaora raraunga i te puku kotahi
2) RAID 1 (Whakaata) – te arotahi ki te haumarutanga raraunga
Ka tāruatia ngā raraunga e te RAID 1: he ōrite tonu ngā ihirangi o ngā puku tuatahi me te tuarua. Mēnā ka rahua tētahi SSD, ka taea tonu e te pona te whakahaere i runga i tētahi atu SSD (i runga i te whakatinanatanga), ā, ka noho haumaru tonu ngā raraunga.
Te taikaha:
– Te nui o te tāruarua hei ārai i te ngaronga raraunga nā te ngoikore o te puku
– He pai mō ngā raraunga mahi nui
Te korenga:
– Ko te haurua anake te kaha whai hua (e rua ngā SSD 1 TB ka hanga i te 1 TB katoa)
– Kāore te mahi e tino pai ake (i ētahi wā ka pai ake te pānui, engari ka whai te tuhi i te tukanga whakaata)
3) RAID 5/10 – he onge i runga i ngā pona
E toru ngā puku e hiahiatia ana mō te RAID 5, ā, e whā ngā puku e hiahiatia ana mō te RAID 10, ā, he uaua rawa te kimi i roto i ngā pona rorohiko nā te iti o te mokowā me te wāhi. Tērā pea ka taea tēnei e ētahi pona rorohiko mahi motuhake, e ētahi pūnaha modular rānei, engari he onge noa iho ēnei āhuatanga.
RAID Pūmārō vs RAID Pūmanawa i runga i ngā Pona
I roto i te mahi, e rua ngā huarahi e whakamahia ana mō te RAID i runga i ngā pona:
1. "RAID Pūmanawa/Mahituhituhi" (e kiia ana ko te RAID taputapu)
He maha ngā pona Intel i mua i tuku i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te Intel RST (Rapid Storage Technology), i taea ai te whirihora RAID mā te BIOS/UEFI. Ahakoa e kiia ana he RAID taputapu, i runga i te maha o ngā pūnaha hou ka tika ake te kī ko te "firmware-assisted RAID".
2. Pūmanawa RAID
Ka taea e ngā pūnaha whakahaere pēnei i a Windows (Storage Spaces), Linux (mdadm), tae atu ki ngā otinga tuatoru te hanga RAID mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa. He painga tēnei nā te ngāwari me te iti ake o te whakawhirinaki ki te chipset, engari i ētahi wā ka hiahiatia he whirihoranga taipitopito me ngā whakaaro hototahi i te wā e whakaara ana.
Mō ngā pona rorohiko, ko te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu ka whakatauhia e te tautoko a te kaihanga. Mena kei tō pona he kōwhiringa RAID i roto i te BIOS/UEFI, ā, e hiahia ana koe ki te RAID mō te puku pūnaha (puku whakaara), ko te otinga hanga-roto a te kaihanga te mea tino whai hua. Mena he mea hanga noa te RAID mō ngā puku raraunga, he pai ake te whakamahi i te pūmanawa RAID.
Te pānga o te RAID ki te mahinga o te ao tūturu
He tokomaha te hunga e whakaaro ana ka whakanekehia te tere o te SSD e te RAID 0. Ko te mea pono, he maha ngā āhuatanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mahi: te momo SSD, te maha o ngā ara PCIe e wātea ana, ngā rohe whānui o te chipset, me te momo mahi.
– Mō ngā whakawhiti kōnae nui (raupapa), ka taea e te RAID 0 te whakarato i tētahi whakapainga kitea.
– Mō te urunga matapōkere, inā koa i raro i ngā kawenga māmā, kāore pea te whakapainga e tino nui nā te mea kua tino tere kē te whakaroa me ngā āhuatanga o ngā SSD NVMe hou.
– Mena e rua ngā mokamoka M.2 e whakamahia ana i te ara kotahi, e rua rānei e haere ana i te ara kotahi o te chipset, ka whakawhāitihia pea te pikinga o te kaha whakaputa e te hoahoa o te pona.
Ko te RAID 1 ia, he aro nui ake ki te haumarutanga. Ahakoa ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi pānui i ētahi wā nā te mea ka taea e te pūnaha te pānui mai i tētahi o ngā puku "kua rite", ehara tēnei i te take matua mō te whiriwhiri i te RAID 1.
Ngā herenga me ngā mōrearea o te RAID i runga i ngā pona
I mua i te whakatau ki te whakamahi i te RAID i runga i te pona, kia aro ki ētahi mea nui:
1. Ehara te RAID i te whakakapi mō te tārua
Ka tiakina e te RAID 1 te pūnaha mai i te rahunga o te puku, engari kāore e tiakina mai i te mukunga kōnae, te ransomware, te pirau raraunga, te rahunga rānei o te pūnaha whakahaere. Me tārua tonu ngā kōnae.
2. Te uaua o te whakaora
Mena ka puta he raruraru ki te kaiwhakahaere, ka puta he whakahōu BIOS raruraru, ka puta rānei he hekenga papahoahoa, ka uaua pea te kite i tētahi rarangi RAID. I ētahi whakatinanatanga, ehara i te mea ngāwari te neke i te rarangi ki tētahi atu pūrere.
3. Te whakapaunga hiko me te wera
Ka taea e ngā SSD NVMe e rua te whakanui ake i te whakapaunga hiko me te pāmahana. Mō ngā pona angiangi, ka pā pea tēnei ki te whakahekenga, ki te roa rānei o te pākahiko.
4. Te wātea o ngā mokowā rokiroki
He maha ngā pona e tuku ana i te kotahi anake te mokamoka M.2. Ka taea anake te RAID whai hua i runga i ngā pona e rua, neke atu rānei ngā mokamoka M.2.
Ko wai e tika ana mō te whakamahi i te RAID i runga i te pona?
Ko te RAID i runga i te pona te mea tino whai hua mō:
– Ngā kaihanga ihirangi e whakawhiti pinepine ana i ngā kōnae ataata nui, ā, e hiahia ana ki ngā tere whakawhiti tere (RAID 0, me ngā tārua kaha).
– Ngā tohunga e mau ana i ngā raraunga nui, e hiahia ana hoki kia tiakina mai i ngā rahunga SSD (RAID 1).
– Ngā kaiwhakamahi pona teihana mahi e hiahia ana ki te taurite o te mahi me te pono, inā koa mō ngā mahi kāore e taea te whakararuraru.
I tētahi atu taha, mō ngā kaiwhakamahi whānui e whakamahi ana i te tirotiro tukutuku, te mahi tari, me te pāpāho maha, he maha ngā wā kāore e rite ngā painga o te RAID ki te uauatanga. He nui noa atu i te rawaka te kotahi NVMe SSD kounga teitei.
Ngā tohutohu mō te whiriwhiri me te whakatinana i te RAID i runga i te pona
Mena kei te whakaaro koe ki te RAID, ka āwhina pea ēnei tohutohu:
– Me whakarite kei te tautoko te pona i te RAID (tirohia ngā whakaritenga whaimana me te tahua BIOS/UEFI).
– Whakamahia ngā SSD o te momo me te kaha ōrite mō ngā hua tino pai, inā koa mō te RAID 0 me te RAID 1.
– Kia tūpato ki te pūnaha whakamatao o tō pona—ka tere te wera o ngā SSD NVMe, ā, ko te tikanga o ngā SSD e rua ka rua te pūtake wera.
– Whakaritea he rautaki tārua: kia 3-2-1 te iti rawa (e toru ngā tārua o ngā raraunga, e rua ngā momo pāpāho, tētahi ki tētahi wāhi motuhake).
– Kia tūpato ki te whakahou i te pūmanawa SSD me te BIOS; me mahi i muri i te tārua, nā te mea he mōrearea pea te whakarerekē i ngā whirihoranga rokiroki.
Whakamutunga
He otinga ātaahua te hangarau RAID i runga i ngā pona mō ngā kaiwhakamahi e hiahia ana ki te mahi kaha ake (RAID 0) me te haumarutanga raraunga (RAID 1). Ahakoa kāore e hiahiatia ana mō te katoa, he mea nui te RAID hei tāpiri atu ki ētahi pona—ina koa ko ērā he rua ngā mokamoka SSD NVMe me te tautoko whirihoranga BIOS/UEFI. Heoi, he mea nui kia mārama ehara te RAID i te whakakapi mō te tārua, ā, ka taea e ia te tāpiri i te uaua me ngā take hototahi pea.
Mā te māramatanga tika, ka taea e te RAID te āwhina i tō pona kia tere ake te oma, kia haumaru ake rānei, i runga i ō hiahia. Ko te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu ka whakawhirinaki ki ō kaupapa matua: ahakoa kei te whai koe i te tere mōrahi, kei te whakatairanga rānei i te tiakitanga raraunga i a koe e mahi ana i a koe e haereere ana.
