Ngā Tohutohu Hoahoa UI/UX mō ngā Taupānga Pūkoro
He mahi nui tā te hoahoa UI/UX (Atanga Kaiwhakamahi/Wheako Kaiwhakamahi) hei whakatau mēnā ka pai ki te tangata tētahi taupānga pūkoro, ka whakamahia anōtia, ka whakarērea rānei i muri i te tāutanga. Ka arotahi te UI ki te āhua tirohanga—pērā i te tae, te momotuhi, ngā ata, me te tahora—ko te UX ia ka aro ki te wheako kaiwhakamahi whānui, mai i te ngāwari o te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga tae noa ki te noho whakamarie i te whakaoti i ngā mahi. Ka whakarāpopotohia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tohutohu hoahoa UI/UX whai hua me te whai tikanga hei whakapai ake i te mārama, te whakahihiri, me te whai hua o tō taupānga pūkoro.
1. Kia mārama ki te kaiwhakamahi me te horopaki o te whakamahinga
Ko te hapa tino kitea i roto i te hoahoa taupānga ko te hoahoa i runga i ngā whakaaro noa. I mua i te hoahoa i tō atanga, me rangahau wawe: ko wai ngā kaiwhakamahi matua o tō taupānga, he aha ā rātou whāinga, me te wā ka whakamahia ai e rātou te taupānga. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia he taupānga tuku kai ina hiakai ngā kaiwhakamahi, ina tere, ā, kotahi noa te ringa o rātou. Tērā pea ka whakamahia nuitia he taupānga pūtea, ā, me whai whakaaro haumaru, mārama hoki.
Whakamahia ngā tikanga māmā pēnei i ngā uiuinga poto, ngā rangahau, ngā tātaritanga rānei mō ngā kaiwhakataetae. Ka taea e koe te whakarāpopoto i ngā hua ki ngā āhua tangata (ngā kōtaha kaiwhakamahi) me ngā haerenga kaiwhakamahi (te rere o ngā kaiwhakamahi). Mā tēnei, ka mārama te pūtake o ia whakataunga hoahoa.
2. Waihangahia he rerenga māmā, he rerenga whai tikanga hoki
He "koretake" te ahua o te UX pai nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia kia nui te whakaaro o ngā kaiwhakamahi. Whakamahia te mātāpono: whakaitihia ngā hikoinga, whakaitihia te kawenga hinengaro. Kia tere te whakaoti a ngā kaiwhakamahi i ngā mahi matua o te taupānga. Ko ēnei mahi matua ko te "tono i tētahi hua," "whakarite i tētahi wā," "utu pire," "tukuake ihirangi rānei."
Waihangahia he rerenga matua me te iti rawa o ngā taahiraa. Hei tauira, mō te tukanga utu: tīpakohia te hua → wāhitau → tikanga utu → whakaū. Kaua e wehewehea te tukanga ki ngā whārangi maha rawa, kāore he painga mārama. Mena e hiahiatia ana ētahi atu kōrero, whakaaturia mārire (whakaaturanga haere), kaua e whakaaturia katoa i te wā kotahi.
3. Whakaritea te hiranga tirohanga
Mā te whakarōpūtanga tirohanga ka āwhina i te kanohi o te kaiwhakamahi ki te mārama ki te mea tino nui. Whakamahia te rahi o te tuhinga, te tae, te rerekētanga, me te mokowā hei whakamārama i ngā huānga matua pēnei i ngā pane, ngā CTA (Karanga-ki-te-Mahi), ngā mōhiohio nui rānei.
Ngā tauira o tōna whakamahinga:
– Ka whakamahia e te pātene matua te tae tino kitea (tae matua).
– Ko ngā mōhiohio tuarua pēnei i ngā tuhipoka me ngā taipitopito tāpiri he mea hanga ki ngā rahi iti ake, he ngawari ake hoki ngā tae.
– Whakamahia te mokowā mā hei wehewehe i ngā rōpū mōhiohio kia māmā ai te matawai.
Mēnā he mārama te hiranga o ngā mahi, kāore ngā kaiwhakamahi e ngaro, ā, ka tere ake tā rātou mahi.
4. Hoahoa mō ngā tikanga ringaringa me te toronga o te koromatua
I te mea he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā taputapu pūkoro ki te ringa kotahi, me whakanoho ngā mea e whakamahia pinepinetia ana ki te wāhi e taea ai e te koromatua te toro atu (ko te raro o te mata te tikanga). Me ngāwari te uru atu ki ngā pātene nui pēnei i te "Tāpiri ki te Kete Hoko," "Takiuru," "Tiaki" rānei, me te kore e hiahiatia kia huri te pupuri.
Whakaarohia hoki te rahi o te ūnga pā. Mēnā he iti rawa ngā pātene me ngā ata, ka pā kino pea ki te kaiwhakamahi, ā, ka riri pea rātou. Ko te taunakitanga whānui he 44–48 pika te tawhiti o te ūnga pā (kei te tūāpapa). Haunga te rahi, kia nui te mokowā i waenga i ngā pātene hei ārai i te pāwhiritanga hē.
5. E hangai ana ki te pūnaha hoahoa
Mā te ōritetanga ka āhua ngaio te taupānga, ka ngāwari hoki te ako. Whakamahia te tauira kotahi mō ngā wāhanga kotahi: ngā āhua pātene, ngā momo ata, ngā tae tūnga, tae atu ki ngā momo whakaahua. Mena he kikorangi te pātene "matua", kaua e hanga kia kakariki ētahi atu pātene nui mō te kore take.
Ki te taea, waihangahia he pūnaha hoahoa māmā e whai ake nei:
– Papatae tae (tuatahi, tuarua, angitu, hapa, whakatūpato)
– Ngā momotuhi (taitara, tinana, tapanga)
– Ngā wāhanga o te atanga kaiwhakamahi (pātene, tāuru, kāri, aratau)
– Te mokowā me te whatunga
– Ngā momo atahanga me ngā momo whakaahua
Mā ngā pūnaha hoahoa ka āwhina i ngā tīma ki te hanga i ngā āhuatanga hou kia tere ake, kia ōrite hoki te wheako.
6. Waihangahia he whakaurunga poto, he āwhina hoki
Ko te kaupapa o te whakaurunga taupānga he āwhina i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te mārama ki ngā painga o te taupānga me te tīmata i tā rātou mahi tuatahi. Heoi, mā te roa rawa o te tukanga whakaurunga taupānga ka kore e pai ngā kaiwhakamahi. Mena he māmā noa iho tō taupānga, kāore pea e hiahiatia te whakaurunga taupānga taupānga.
Whakamahia te whakauru me ngā mātāpono:
– Whakamāramahia ngā painga, kaua ngā āhuatanga whakahirahira.
– Kia 2–4 ngā mata anake.
– Tukua ngā kaiwhakamahi kia peke atu.
– Hoatu he āwhina horopaki ina hiahiatia (he tohutohu taputapu poto i te wā tika).
He pai ake mā ngā kaiwhakamahi te whakamātau tika i ngā āhuatanga matua i te pānui i ngā whakamārama roa.
7. Whakarato urupare mārama mō ia mahi
Me kitea he urupare mō ia mahi a te kaiwhakamahi. Ina pēhia he pātene, whakaaturia he huringa āhua (hei tauira, he pānga pēhi). Ina utaina te tukanga, whakaaturia he tohu uta. Ina angitu, whakaaturia he whakaū; ina rahua, whakaaturia he karere hapa āwhina.
Ko ngā urupare pai ko:
– Te āhua uta mōhiohio (hei tauira, te mata angaanga hei utu mō te takahuri tawhito).
– Ngā karere hapa motuhake (“Īmēra kore mana”) kaua ki ngā karere whānui (“I puta he hapa”).
– Manatokohia te whakaurunga i te wā tonu ina taea, kia kore ai ngā kaiwhakamahi e tīmata anō.
Mā te urupare mārama ka waihangahia te wairua o te mana whakahaere, ā, ka whakapiki ake i te whakawhirinaki.
8. Whakatairangahia te ngāwari o te pānui: te momotuhi me te rerekētanga
Me ngāwari tonu te pānui i tētahi atanga kaiwhakamahi ataahua. Kōwhiria he rahi momotuhi e pai ana mō ngā mata iti, me te mokowā rārangi e tika ana. Kaua e whakamahi i ngā paraka roa i roto i te poraka kotahi; wāwāhia kia iti ake ngā wāhanga.
He mea nui anō hoki te rerekētanga o te tae. Ahakoa te āhua hou o te tuhinga hina mārama i runga i te papamuri mā, he uaua pea ki te pānui. Whāia ngā aratohu urunga (pēnei i te WCAG) kia tika ai te rerekētanga, inā koa mō ngā kaiwhakamahi he ngoikore te tirohanga.
9. Hoahoa mō ngā rahi me ngā āhuatanga mata rerekē
E whakamahia ana ngā taupānga pūkoro i runga i ngā momo taputapu maha: ngā mata iti, ngā mata nui, ngā aratau poutū/whenua, tae atu ki ngā rama kanapa o waho. Me whakarite kia arotau, kia kore hoki e "pakaru" ina huri te rahi o te mata.
Ngā tohutohu whai hua:
– Whakamahia te whatunga me ngā here (Tahora Aunoa) hei whakauru i ngā huānga.
– Kia tino mohio kei tapahia te tuhinga.
– Kaua e waiho ngā mōhiohio nui kia tata rawa ki ngā taha o te mata, ki te kōhao rānei.
– Whakamātauria te whakaaturanga i runga i ngā taputapu maha me ngā tauira.
Ka nui ake te kanorau o ngā horopaki e whakamatautauria ana e koe, ka iti ake te mōrearea o ngā raruraru UX i roto i te whakaputanga.
10. Whakaarohia te urunga atu mai i te tīmatanga
Ehara te whai wāhitanga i te āhuatanga whiriwhiri, engari he wāhanga nui o te UX pai. Ka taea e ētahi mahi ngāwari te whai pānga nui:
– Kia tino rite te rahi o te momotuhi ki ngā tautuhinga pūnaha (momo hihiri).
– Tāpirihia he tapanga mārama ki ngā ata (kaua e whakawhirinaki noa ki ngā tohu).
– Kaua e tuku kōrero mā te tae anake (hei tauira, whero/kakariki) me te kore he tuhinga tautoko.
– Kia mārama te arotahi mō te whakatere (ina koa mēnā e tautoko ana i te papapātuhi, i ngā hangarau āwhina rānei).
He āwhina te urunga atu ki te katoa, ehara i te mea ko ngā kaiwhakamahi he hiahia motuhake anake.
11. Whakamahia he tārua iti ngāwari, he whai kōrero hoki.
Ko te tārua iti he tuhinga iti pērā i ngā tapanga pātene, ngā pupuri wāhi, me ngā karere hapa. He mea nui tēnei tuhinga iti hei tirotiro mēnā e mārama ana ngā kaiwhakamahi ki tā rātou mahi. Whakamahia he reo māmā, he rite tonu, he tika hoki.
Tauira o tētahi tārua iti pai:
– Pātene: He mārama ake te "Tiaki" i te "ĀE".
– Hapa: He pai ake te kī "Me 8 ngā pūāhua o te kupuhipa" i te kī "Kāore i te tika".
Whakahāngaihia tō momo reo ki te āhua o tō waitohu, engari kia nui ake te mārama.
12. Whakamātauria, inehia, me te whakahou
Ehara te hoahoa UI/UX i te mahi kotahi noa iho. Whai muri i te tukunga, kohia ngā raraunga me ngā urupare:
– Whakahaerehia he whakamātautau whakamahinga hei tirotiro me pēhea te whakamahi a ngā kaiwhakamahi i te taupānga.
– Tātaritanga o te hāora: i ēhea ngā mahi ka mutu te whakamahi a ngā kaiwhakamahi?
– Whakamahia ngā mahere wera, ngā tuhi rānei i ngā wātū (mēnā ka taea) hei mārama ki ngā whanonga.
I runga i ēnei raraunga, me whakapai ake i ngā wā katoa. Ko ngā huringa iti pēnei i te neke i te CTA, te whakarerekē i ngā tapanga, te whakangawari rānei i te puka, he maha ngā wā ka hua ake he whakapainga nui.
Te Katinga
Ko ngā tohutohu hoahoa UI/UX mō ngā taupānga pūkoro e aro ana ki tētahi mea: te āwhina i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te whakatutuki i ā rātou whāinga i te tere, i te mārama, me te watea. Tīmata ki te rangahau kaiwhakamahi, hanga rerenga ngāwari, pupuri i te ōritetanga tirohanga, whakarato urupare mārama, kaua hoki e wareware ki te urunga. Mā te tukanga auau—whakamātautau, ine, whakapai—ka pakari tō taupānga, ka whiwhi hoki i te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaiwhakamahi.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te waihanga i tētahi tauira hanganga rere mō tētahi momo tono motuhake (hei tauira, te hokohoko ipurangi, te hauora, te mātauranga, te pūtea rānei) me ngā wāhanga UI kua tūtohutia.
