Te Oumu Hiko Tika mō ō Hiahia Tunu Kai
Kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā oumu hiko i roto i ngā whare hou nā te mea he ngāwari, he ātaahua te āhua, me te pumau o te whakahaere wera. I roto i ngā whare noho, i ngā whare iti, tae noa ki ngā kīhini tuwhera, he maha ngā wā ka whiriwhiria ngā oumu hiko nā te mea he ma ake, he whai hua ake i ngā oumu hau. Heoi, nā te whānuitanga o ngā kōwhiringa kei te mākete—mai i ngā oumu koiri ki ngā oumu uku ki ngā oumu hiko whakapūmau—ka pōhēhē ētahi tāngata ko tēhea te mea pai mō rātou. Ma tēnei tuhinga koe e āwhina ki te whiriwhiri i te oumu hiko tika i runga i ō hiahia tunu kai, ngā tikanga o te kīhini, me ngā āhuatanga o te kāinga.
Te Mārama ki ngā Momo o ngā Umu Hiko
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi i mua i te hoko ko te tautuhi i ngā momo oumu hiko e wātea ana. I te nuinga o te wā, e toru ngā momo matua.
1. Okio hiko porowhita.
Koinei te momo māmā rawa, e kitea ana me te huānga whakamahana āhua porowhita i runga i te oumu. Koia te mea tino utu nui, ā, he tino pakari. Ko te ngoikoretanga he uaua ki te horoi i te mata o te oumu nā ngā āputa i te taha o te huānga whakamahana. Kāore hoki e tere te wera pērā i ētahi atu momo, nō reira ahakoa ka whakaitihia te pāmahana, ka roa tonu te noho o te wera.
2. Ogaumu hiko uku (whakaata/whero-whero).
Ka whakamahia e tēnei oumu he wāhanga whakamahana i raro i te mata karāhe uku papatahi. He āhua hou ake, he ngāwari ki te horoi mā te muru noa, ā, he ōrite ake te wera i te oumu koiri. Heoi, ka taea e te karāhe uku te rakuraku mēnā kāore e tiakina, ā, kāore tonu tōna urupare wera i te tere rite ki te oumu hiko. Hei tāpiri, ka noho wera tonu ngā oumu uku i muri i te whakawetohia nā te mea ka mau tonu te wera ki te mata.
3. Oimu whakawera.
Koinei te momo tino whai hua, tino tere hoki. Ka whakamahana tika te paraharaha mā te whakamahi i te aukume, kaua e whakamahana i te oumu. Nō reira, ka tere ake te tunu kai, ka tika ake ngā pāmahana, ā, kāore te oumu e tino wera (ahakoa ka mahana tonu i te wera o te paraharaha). Ko ngā ngoikoretanga he nui ake te utu, ā, me whakamahi i ngā taputapu tunu kai hototahi (he mea hanga mai i ngā rauemi ferromagnetic pēnei i te rino, i ētahi maitai rānei).
He mea nui kia mārama ki ēnei rerekētanga nā te mea ka pā ki tō wheako tunu kai o ia rā, te whakapaunga hiko, me ngā utu tiaki.
Te Whakarerekē ki ngā Hiahia Tunu Kai
Ehara i te mea ko te oumu hiko tika te mea tino utu nui i ngā wā katoa, engari ko te mea e tino pai ana mō tāu momo tunu kai.
Mena he maha ngā huarahi e tunu ai koe i te tere me te maha o ngā momo tunu kai, pērā i te parai, te kohua, te hanga hupa, te tunu rānei i ngā rihi maha i te wā kotahi, he mea tika kia whakaarohia he oumu hiko. Ko ōna painga ko te tere, te whakahaere wera tere ake, me te whai hua ake o te whakapaunga pūngao nā te mea he nui ake te wera i roto i te paraharaha.
Mena he māmā noa iho te tunu kai māu, pērā i te kohua wai, te whakamahana anō i te kai, te tunu rānei i ngā nūru me ngā ranu i ētahi wā, he pai ake te whakamahi i te oumu koiri, i te oumu uku rānei. Ka whai hua tonu te oumu hiko, engari kāore e nui te utu tīmatanga.
Ki te pai koe ki te tunu kai i ngā rahinga nui, whakaarohia he oumu hiko me ngā mura e rua, neke atu rānei, me te mana e tika ana. He maha ngā oumu hiko kua hangaia ki roto e tuku ana i ngā whirihoranga mura o ngā rahi rerekē hei whakatutuki i te whānui o te paraharaha me ngā whakaritenga wera.
Ko te mea nui, kaua e aro noa ki te "ouma pai rawa atu", engari whakaarohia "te ouma e tino hiahiatia ana e koe".
Te Hiko me te Whakaritenga Tāutanga Kāinga
Ko te mea nui e whai ake nei ko te whakarite kia rawaka te kaha hiko o tō whare. Ka taea e ngā oumu hiko te whakapau i te nui o te hiko, inā koa ko ngā oumu hiko hiko-rahi te mana. Ko ētahi tauira kawe ka rere mai i te 800–2000 watts, ko ngā oumu maha-tahu ka taea te teitei ake.
I mua i te hoko, tirohia:
– Te hiko i te kāinga (hei tauira, 1300 VA, 2200 VA, 3500 VA, me ētahi atu)
– He maha ngā wā ka tahurihia e koe ētahi atu taputapu nui i te wā kotahi, pērā i te hauhautanga, te whakamahana wai, te oumu hiko, te mīhini horoi kakahu rānei?
– Te āhua o te putanga hiko me te taura: Kia tino pai te kounga o te putanga hiko, kia kaua e marara, kia kaha hoki ki te pupuri i te iahiko. Mō ngā oumu kaha-nui, he pai ake te whakamahi i tētahi raina hiko motuhake, me te kōrero ki tētahi tohunga hangarau.
Ko te oumu e tika ana he oumu ka taea te whakamahi pai, ā, kāore e meinga kia mutu pinepine te hiko o te whare (jeglek).
Rahi, Hoahoa, me te Tahora o te Kīhini
Kei roto i ngā oumu hiko he momo kawe (he mura kotahi, he mura kawe) me te momo whakauru (he mura kei roto i te kaute o te kīhini). Mena kei te noho koe i roto i tētahi whare noho, i tētahi whare noho rūma iti, i tētahi wāhi nekeneke rānei, he ngāwari ake te whakamahi i te oumu kawe. Mō tētahi kīhini ma, pumau, ka tukuna e te oumu whakauru he āhua hou ake.
Kia mōhio hoki:
– Te rahi o te mata o te oumu: whakarerekētia kia rite ki te wāhi o te tēpu.
– Te maha o ngā mura: kotahi, e rua, e whā rānei. Mō te whānau, e rawaka ana ngā mura e rua.
– Te whānui o te mura: he mea nui te mura nui mō ngā kohua nui, mō te tunu kai rānei i ngā wāhanga nunui.
– Te hauhautanga o te kīhini: ahakoa kāore ngā oumu hiko e whakaputa hau mura, kei reira tonu te mamaoa me ngā kakara tunu kai e hiahia ana kia pai te rere o te hau.
Hototahi ki ngā Taputapu Tunu Kai
He mea tēnei e warewarehia ana, inā koa mō ngā oumu whakapūngao. Ka mahi noa ngā oumu whakapūngao me ngā kohua me ngā paraharaha he rauemi aukume kei roto. Ko tētahi huarahi māmā ki te tirotiro ko te whakatakoto i tētahi aukume ki raro o te paraharaha—ki te piri tonu, tera pea he hototahi.
Mō ngā papa oumu koiri, papa oumu uku rānei, ka taea te whakamahi i te nuinga o ngā momo paraharaha, engari he pai te papa papatahi mō te tohatoha wera ōrite me te whakamahinga pūngao pai ake. Ka roa ake te tunu kai mēnā he piko, he koretake rānei ngā paraharaha.
Mena kei te huri noa koe ki te oumu hiko whakapūmau, whakaarohia te utu tāpiri mō te whakakapi i ētahi o ō taputapu tunu kai.
Ngā Āhuatanga hei Whakaaroaro
He maha ngā oumu hiko hou e tuku ana i ngā āhuatanga e whakanui ana i te haumaru me te whakamarie:
– Te whakahaere tika i te pāmahana/taumata mana: he mea nui mō te tunu kai e hiahia ana kia pumau te whakahaere wera.
– Taima: ka āwhina ki te ārai i te tunu nui rawa, inā koa i te wā e kohuatia ana, e whakamahana ana rānei.
– Maukati tamariki: ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te tahuritanga tūpono a ngā tamariki i te oumu.
– Whakaweto aunoa: ka whakaweto aunoa te oumu mēnā he wera rawa, kāore rānei he paraharaha (i te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia he hiko whakawera).
– Tohu wera toenga (mō ngā uku): e tohu ana kei te wera tonu te mata.
– Ngā momo motuhake pēnei i te kohuatia mārire (te wera iti), te kohuatia, te pupuri mahana rānei.
Kōwhiria ngā āhuatanga e whakamahia ana e koe. Ka piki ake te utu i ētahi wā mēnā he nui rawa ngā āhuatanga, engari kāore e piki ake ngā painga i ngā wā katoa.
Ngāwari o te Tiaki me te Ma
Ko tētahi take e whiriwhiri ai te tangata i ngā oumu hiko he māmā ake te horoi. Heoi, he rerekē te ngāwari o te horoi. He pai ngā oumu uku me ngā oumu hiko-ārahi nā te mea he papatahi ō rātou mata. Ka taea te muru tonu i ngā turuturu i muri i te whakamataotanga o te mata. Engari, he uaua ake ngā oumu koiri nā te maha o ngā āputa.
Kia roa ai te wā e mau ai te oumu:
– Horoia te mata i ia wā, i ia wā.
– Kaua e nekehia ngā paraharaha taratara ki runga i te karāhe uku.
– Whakamahia he kaihoroi e tika ana, inā koa mō ngā mata karāhe.
– Kia tino mohio kei āraia ngā pūhau o te oumu hiko e te puehu.
Ko ngā oumu he ngāwari ki te tiaki he pai ake mō te whakamahinga roa.
Whakatauhia ngā Kōwhiringa i runga i te Kōtaha Kaiwhakamahi
Hei whakamāmā ake i te mahi, anei tētahi tirohanga whānui mō ngā kōwhiringa e hangai ana ki ngā hiahia whānui:
– Ngā ākonga/ngā whare noho/te wāhi iti: oumu hiko kawe kotahi-tahu, oumu uku kawe rānei, te mana 800–1200 watt mēnā he iti te hiko.
– Ngā tāne me ngā wāhine taitamariki: oumu hiko 1–2 ngā mura, arotahi ki ngā āhuatanga whai hua me te haumaru.
– Ngā whānau iti ki te rahi: he oumu 2–4 mura me te mana e tika ana, whiriwhiria he huinga mura nui me mura iti kia ngāwari ai te whakamahi.
– Mō ngā kaiwhakamahi e kore e tunu kai pinepine: he oumu koiri, he oumu uku rānei, he nui mō ngā hiahia taketake.
Whakatau: Kōwhiria te mea tino pono, tino whakamarie hoki
Ko te oumu hiko tika e tika ana mō te pūnaha hiko o tō whare, mō ngā tikanga tunu kai, mō te rahi o te kīhini, me te tahua. Mena ko te tere, te whai hua, me te haumaru ōu kaupapa matua, ko te oumu hiko whakapūmau te mea pai rawa atu—mēnā he hototahi ngā taputapu tunu kai, ā, he rawaka te mana. Mena ko te utu me te ngāwari o te whakamahi ngā kaupapa matua, he pai rawa atu hoki te oumu koiri, te oumu uku rānei.
I mua i te hoko, whakatairitea ngā āhuatanga matua: te kaha o te oumu, te maha o ngā mura, ngā āhuatanga haumaru, me ngā whakaritenga mō ngā taputapu tunu kai. Mēnā ka whai whakaaro tika, ehara i te mea he taputapu tunu kai noa te oumu hiko, engari he haumitanga watea e whai hua ake ai, e haumaru ai, e ngahau ai hoki ngā mahi o te kīhini.
