Ngā Wāhanga Toto i roto i ngā Matū Kawe
He wāhanga nui te toto o te tinana tangata, e kawe ana i ngā matūkai maha puta noa i te tinana. Ki te kore tēnei tikanga kawe, e kore ngā okana me ngā kiko e whiwhi i ngā matūkai me te hāora e hiahiatia ana e rātou hei mahi pai. Hei tāpiri, he mahi tā te toto ki te tango i ngā para mai i te pākia o ngā pūtau me te āwhina i te pūnaha ārai mate ki te whawhai ki ngā mate. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā wāhanga matua e whā o te toto—te toto toto, ngā toto whero, ngā toto mā, me ngā pereti toto—me ō rātou mahi ki te kawe i ngā matū.
1. Plasma: Waenga Kawe Wai
E 55% o te toto katoa e hanga ana i te toto toto, ā, koia te reo matua mō te kawe i ngā momo matū. Ko te 90% o tēnei wāhanga wai he wai, ko te 10% e toe ana he matū wairewa pērā i ngā pūmua, ngā katote kohuke, ngā homoni, me ngā matūkai.
Te Tūranga o te Plasma i roto i te Kawe:
– Kai: Ka haria e te toto ngā matūkai mai i te pūnaha nakunaku ki ngā pūtau o te tinana. Kei roto i ēnei matūkai ko te hukahuka, ngā huaora, me ngā waikawa amino e mimitihia ana mai i te kai.
– Ngā homoni: Ka haria e te toto ngā homoni mai i ngā repe endocrine ki ngā whekau ūnga, ka āwhina i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te whakahaere i ngā mahi a te tinana.
– Ngā Hua Para: Ka mahi anō te toto toto ki te kawe i ngā hua para pākia o te tinana, pērā i te hauhā me te urea, ki ngā whekau whakaputa paru pērā i ngā pukahukahu me ngā whatukuhu.
2. Ngā Pūtau Toto Whero: Ngā Kaikawe Hāora
Ko ngā toto whero, ngā toto whero rānei, ngā pūtau tino nui e kitea ana i roto i te toto, ā, ko tā rātou mahi matua he kawe i te hāora mai i ngā pukahukahu ki ngā kiko o te tinana, me te whakahoki anō i te hauhā waro ki ngā pukahukahu kia peia atu i te tinana.
Waenga Matua: Hemoglobin
– Hanganga me te Mahi: Ko te Hemoglobin he pūmua i roto i ngā toto toto whero e herea ana te hāora. Ka taea e ia ngota hemoglobin te herea ki te whā ngota hāora.
– Te Kawe Hāora: I te rerenga o te toto whero mā roto i ngā uaua pūkahukahu, ka herea e te hemoglobin te hāora, ka haria ki ngā pūtau o te tinana. Ina tae ki ngā kiko o te tinana, ka tukuna te hāora hei whakamahi mā te manawa pūtau.
Te Whakahaere me te Whakaputa:
– Erythropoiesis: Ko te tukanga hanganga o ngā pūtau toto whero, e whakahaerehia ana e te homoni erythropoietin e hangaia ana e ngā whatukuhu.
– Te Huringa Ora: E 120 ngā rā te roa o te ora o ngā toto whero, ā, muri iho ka whakangaromia, ka hangarua anō i roto i te ate.
3. Ngā Pūtau Toto Mā: Ngā Kaitiaki me ngā Kaikawe
He mahi nui tā ngā pūtau toto mā, arā, ngā leukocyte, i roto i te pūnaha ārai mate, ā, ko rātou te kawenga mō te tiaki i te tinana mai i ngā mate urutā me ngā mate urutā. He maha ngā momo pūtau toto mā, tae atu ki ngā neutrophils, ngā lymphocytes, ngā monocytes, ngā eosinophils, me ngā basophils, he mahi motuhake tā ia momo.
Te Tūranga i roto i te Mōhio me te Kawe i ngā Matū Tauiwi:
– Te Whakapūngao: Ka taea e ētahi momo toto mā, pērā i ngā neutrophil me ngā monocyte, te horomi i ngā huakita me ngā huaketo (whakapūngao), me te tango atu i ngā huaketo pangia mai i te tinana.
– Te Kawe i ngā Paturopi me ngā Homoni: Ka āwhina hoki ngā pūtau toto mā ki te kawe i ngā paturopi, e hangaia ana e ngā lymphocytes B, me ngā matū e whakahaere ana i te urupare ārai mate o te tinana.
4. Ngā Peretā: Ngā Ārai i te Tūtaki
Ko te mahi matua a ngā pereti toto, arā, ngā pereti toto rānei, he ārai i te nui o te toto e ngaro ana ina whara ngā uaua toto.
Tikanga Kawe:
– Hemostasis: Ina pakaru te oko toto, ka neke ngā pereti toto ki te wāhi i whara ai, ka hanga he puru rangitahi hei taahiraa tuatahi ki te hemostasis.
– Te Kawe i ngā Tauwehenga Pupuri: Ka tukuna e ngā pereti toto ngā matū e whakaohooho ana i te puputanga o te toto hei hanga i tētahi whatunga fibrin kaha, hei kati hoki i te patunga.
Te Taurite o te Toto me te Homeostasis
He mea nui te taurite o ēnei wāhanga toto katoa hei pupuri i te taurite o te mahi a te tinana, arā, te homeostasis. Mā ngā rerekētanga o te rahinga, te mahi rānei o tētahi o ēnei wāhanga toto ka arahi pea ki ngā mate kino, ki ngā āhuatanga hauora rānei, pērā i te anemia (he hekenga o ngā toto whero), te leukopenia (he hekenga o ngā toto mā), te thrombocytopenia rānei (he hekenga o ngā pereti toto).
Te Hiranga o ngā Whakamātautau Toto:
He taputapu nui ngā whakamātautau toto hei tirotiro i te hauora whānui me te kite i ngā mate e pā ana ki te toto. Ka taea e te tauira toto te tātari i ngā tawhā maha, pērā i ngā taumata hemoglobin, te maha o ngā leukocyte, te taumata huka, me te maha atu, hei whakarato i tētahi tirohanga whānui o te hauora o te tinana.
Whakamutunga
He toto ora te toto e kawe ana i ngā matū maha e tika ana, ā, he mahi nui tāna ki ngā mahi nui o te tinana, mai i te kawe i te hāora me ngā matūkai ki te tiaki i a ia anō mai i ngā mate. Mā te mārama ki te mahi a ia wāhanga toto ki te kawe i ngā matū nui, ka taea e tātou te mārama ake ki te hiranga o te pupuri i te pūnaha tohanga toto hauora me ōna pānga ki te oranga whānui. Mā te whai i tētahi momo noho hauora, tae atu ki te kai taurite me te whakakori tinana auau, ka āwhina i te pupuri i te mahi pai o te toto.
