Ngā Tikanga mō te Tātari i ngā Huarahi me ngā Tūraru
I tēnei ao tere o ēnei rā—ahakoa i roto i te pakihi, i ngā whakahaere, i ngā mahi whaiaro rānei—he pūkenga nui te kaha ki te matapae i te ahunga o te huringa. He maha ngā whakataunga e rahua ana, ehara i te mea nā te kore mahi nui, engari nā te he o te whakatau i te āhuatanga: ka warewarehia he whai wāhitanga tino nui, ko te riri ka puta mai i te kore e whakaarohia. Nō reira, ko ngā tikanga mō te tātari i ngā whai wāhitanga me ngā riri he tūāpapa nui mō te whakamahere rautaki. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te huarahi ki te tautuhi, ki te aromatawai, me te whakatau i ngā whai wāhitanga me ngā riri kia pai ake ai te whakatau me te ine.
Kia mārama ki te ariā o ngā whai wāhitanga me ngā tūmomo mōrearea
Ko te whai wāhitanga he āhuatanga o waho ka taea te whakamahi hei whakapai ake i te mahi, hei whakanui ake i te pānga, hei whakatutuki tere rānei i ngā whāinga. Ko te tikanga ka puta ake ngā whai wāhitanga mai i ngā huringa o ngā au, o te hangarau, o ngā ture, o ngā hiahia o te mākete, o ngā panonitanga rānei o ngā whanonga pāpori.
I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā tūmomo riri he āhuatanga o waho e ārai ana i te whakatutukitanga o ngā whāinga, e whakaiti ana i te mahi, e whakanui ake rānei i te mōrearea o te ngaronga. Ka taea e ngā tūmomo riri te puta mai i te pikinga o te whakataetae, ngā huringa kaupapa here, ngā raruraru ōhanga, ngā whakararuraru i te tuku taonga, ngā whakararuraru hangarau, tae atu ki ngā huringa o ngā manakohanga a ngā kaihoko.
Ko te kōrero matua: ko ngā whai wāhitanga me ngā tūmomo whakawehi e ahu mai ana i te taiao o waho. He rerekē tēnei i ngā kaha me ngā ngoikoretanga, e ahu mai ana i roto i te whakahaere i te nuinga o te wā.
Te taahiraa tuatahi: te whakatau i te kaupapa me te horopaki o te tātari
Ka tika ake te tātaritanga o ngā whai wāhitanga me ngā tūmomo mōrearea mēnā ka tīmata me te horopaki mārama. Whakatauhia:
1. Ngā whāinga matua (hei tauira: te whakapiki i ngā hoko mā te 20%, te whakawhānui i te mākete, te whakaiti i ngā utu, te whakapakari i te ingoa pai).
2. Whānuitanga (he wāhanga pakihi motuhake, he hua motuhake, he rohe motuhake, te whakahaere katoa rānei).
3. Te wā mutunga (wā poto 3–6 marama, wā waenga 1–2 tau, wā roa rānei 3–5 tau).
4. Ngā whakaaro matua (hei tauira, ngā kiritaki ūnga, ngā rauemi e wātea ana, ngā here ture).
Ki te kore he horopaki, ka whānui rawa ngā rārangi o ngā whai wāhitanga me ngā tūmomo mōrearea, ā, ka uaua ki te whakamahi.
Tikanga 1: Tātari PESTEL hei mahere i te taiao whānui
Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi rongonui ki te tautuhi i ngā whai wāhitanga me ngā tūmomo riri ko PESTEL, e mahere ana i ngā āhuatanga:
– P (Tōrangapū): te pumau tōrangapū, te kaupapa here a te kāwanatanga, te tautoko i te ahumahi, te raihana.
– E (Ōhanga): pikinga utu, mana hoko, reiti whakawhiti moni, tipu ōhanga, reiti huamoni.
– S (Hapori): ngā āhuatanga taupori, ngā momo noho, ngā uara ahurea, ngā huringa o ngā whanonga kaihoko.
– T (Hangarau): aunoatanga, AI, tūāpapa mamati, auahatanga hua, haumarutanga raraunga.
– E (Taiao): ngā take āhuarangi, ngā paerewa tukunga, ngā tono taiao, ngā āhuatanga ā-taiao.
– L (Ture): ngā ture mahi, te tiaki kaihoko, ngā taake, te mana pupuri.
Me pēhea te whakamahi:
1. Waihangahia he ripanga PESTEL.
2. Whakakīia kia 3–5 ngā huringa nui mō ia kāwai e tika ana.
3. Tōhua ko ēhea he pūmanawa hei whai wāhitanga, me ēhea he tūmomo mōrearea.
4. Matapakihia te pānga me te tūponotanga ka puta.
Mā te PESTEL, ka taea e ngā whakahaere te hopu i ngā huringa nui e ngaro ana ina arotahi noa ki ngā mahi o ia rā.
Tikanga 2: Tātaritanga whakataetae me ngā Mana e Rima mō ngā tūmomo riri mākete
Hei tirotiro taipitopito i ngā tūmomo mōrearea i roto i tētahi ahumahi, whakamahia ngā Mana Rima a Porter, kei roto ko:
1. Te whakataetae i waenga i ngā kamupene (te whakataetae): te maha o ngā kaiwhakataetae, ngā pakanga utu, te rerekētanga.
2. Te riri o ngā tāngata hou: te ngāwari, te uaua rānei o te urunga mai o ngā kaitākaro hou (te whakapaipai, ngā whakaaetanga, te hangarau).
3. Te tūponotanga o ngā hua whakakapi: ngā huarahi kē atu hei whakakapi i tō hua.
4. Mana whiriwhiri a te kaiwhakarato: te mōrearea o te pikinga o ngā utu o ngā rauemi mata, te whakararuraru rānei i te tuku.
5. Te mana hokohoko a ngā kaihoko: e hiahia ana ngā kaihoko ki ngā utu iti iho, ki te kounga teitei ake rānei.
Mā ngā hua o tēnei tātari ka taea te wehewehe i ngā tūmomo riri "whānui" mai i ngā tūmomo riri e pā tika ana ki te tūranga whakataetae.
Tikanga 3: Te mātakitaki i ngā kaihoko hei kimi i ngā whai wāhitanga huna
Ko ngā whai wāhitanga pai rawa atu ka puta mai i ngā hiahia o te kiritaki e huri haere ana. Ētahi huarahi whai hua:
– Ngā uiuinga ki ngā kiritaki: pātai atu mō ō rātou raruraru matua, ngā āhuatanga e mamae ai rātou, me ngā tumanakohanga.
– Ngā rangahau poto: whakamātautau i te hiahia ki ngā āhuatanga hou, ngā utu, te tuku ratonga rānei.
– Tātari arotake: tirohia ngā amuamu e puta tonu mai ana me ngā tono kāore anō kia tutuki.
– Mahere haerenga kiritaki: maherehia ngā pūwāhi waku mai i te wāhanga tuatahi ki muri i te hoko.
Ko te mea nui ko te huri i ngā "amuamu" hei whai wāhitanga. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā amuamu mō ngā tukanga puhoi te huri hei whai wāhitanga ki te hanga pūnaha, ki ngā ratonga matihiko rānei kia tere ake.
Tikanga 4: SWOT arotahi, e whakahaerehia ana e ngā raraunga
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te SWOT engari i ētahi wā he papaku rawa. Hei whai hua, whakamahia ngā ture e whai ake nei:
1. Wehewehea ngā meka mai i ngā whakaaro. Whakamahia ngā raraunga hoko, ngā au rapu, ngā pūrongo ahumahi, me ngā tohu mahi.
2. Whakawhāitihia te maha o ngā tohu. Hei tauira, kia 5 ngā whai wāhitanga me te 5 ngā tūmomo mōrearea hei pupuri i te arotahi.
3. Waihangahia he whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā huānga. Ka taea te whakamahi i ētahi whai wāhitanga nā te mea he kaha ētahi; he morearea ētahi tūmomo riri nā te mea he ngoikore ētahi.
Ehara te SWOT pai i te rārangi noa iho, engari he piriti ki te rautaki.
Tikanga 5: Aromatawai matua me te matihiko pānga-tūponotanga
Kāore e tika ana kia arohia tonutia ngā tūmomo mōrearea katoa, ā, kāore hoki e tika ana kia whaia ngā whai wāhitanga katoa. Whakamahia he matihiko pānga-tūponotanga:
– Pānga nui + tūponotanga nui: he mea nui rawa atu.
– Pānga nui + tūponotanga iti: whakaritea he mahere āwhati.
– He iti te pānga + he nui te tūponotanga: me whakahaere mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga o ia rā.
– He iti te pānga + he iti te tūponotanga: aroturukitia anake.
Ka taea te waihanga i tētahi kaute māmā mai i te 1–5 mō te pānga me te 1–5 mō te tūponotanga. Mā te whakarea i ngā kaute ka hua ake he whakatau kaupapa whaitake ake.
Tikanga 6: Ngā horopaki me ngā pūnaha whakatūpato wawe
Kāore te ao e haere tonu i runga i te mahere. Nō reira, me whakaoti te tātaritanga o ngā whai wāhitanga me ngā tūmomo riri mā te whakamahere i ngā horopaki:
1. Tāutuhia ngā āhuatanga tino koretake e 2–3 (hei tauira, ngā reiti whakawhiti moni, ngā ture, ngā au hangarau).
2. Waihangahia ngā horopaki hihiri, āhua taurite, me te āhua pouri.
3. Tautuhia ngā tohu whakatūpato mō te wā wawe, hei tauira:
– ka whakarewahia e ngā kaiwhakataetae ngā hua hou,
– te pikinga ake o ngā utu rauemi mata,
– te hekenga o ngā ota whakahoki,
– ngā huringa o ngā ture taake, kawemai rānei.
Mā te aroturukitanga auau o ngā tohu, kāore ngā tūmomo riri e "ohorere" mai, ā, ka tere ake te hopu i ngā whai wāhitanga.
Hurihia te tātari hei mahi
Me ārahi te tātari pakari ki tētahi whakatau. Kia oti te whakarite i ngā whai wāhitanga me ngā tūmomo riri, whakawhanakehia:
– Mahere mahi whai wāhitanga: me aha, ko wai te kawenga, tahua, wātaka, me ngā inenga angitu.
– Te whakaiti i ngā tūmomo mōrearea: te ārai, ngā mahere tārua, te inihua, te kanorau o ngā kaiwhakarato, ngā huringa rānei o te rautaki hokohoko.
– Te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-roto: me mārama ia rōpū ki ngā whai wāhitanga e whaia ana me ngā tūmomo mōrearea e matapaetia ana.
He maha atu ngā whai huatanga o ngā mahi iti e auau ana i ngā rautaki nunui kāore i whakatinanahia.
Te Katinga
Ehara i te mea he mahi ariā noa iho ngā tikanga tātari i ngā whai wāhitanga me ngā tūmomo riri, engari he huarahi ki te hanga mōhiotanga rautaki. Mā te whakamahi i a PESTEL, i ngā Mana e Rima, i ngā māramatanga kiritaki, i te tātari SWOT e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga, i ngā matihiko pānga-tūponotanga, me ngā horopaki me ngā tohu whakatūpato wawe, ka taea e ngā whakahaere te whakatau tere ake, whai mōhio ake, me te pakari ake. Hei whakamutunga, ehara i te mea ko te mahi kaha ake anake te angitu, engari ko te mahi i te huarahi tika—te hopu i ngā whai wāhitanga me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea i mua i te mutunga rawa.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga ki tētahi horopaki motuhake (hei tauira, ngā pakihi iti me ngā pakihi iti, ngā kura, ngā whakahaere kore-moni, te tātari mahi rānei) kia whai tikanga ake ai ngā tauira me ngā tikanga.
