Te Whakahaere Rawa Whai Hua: He Aratohu Katoa mō ngā Kaipakihi
He mea nui te whakahaere taonga o te pakihi, ā, he maha ngā wā ka warewarehia e ētahi kaipakihi. Ko te whakahaere taonga, ahakoa he rauemi mata, he hua haurua-oti, he taonga kua oti rānei, me aro nui ki te whakahaere tika kia pai ai te haere o ngā mahi pakihi. Mā te whakahaere taonga pai ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu rokiroki, te karo i ngā taonga mate, me te whakarite kia wātea ngā taonga ina hiahiatia. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā huarahi whai hua hei whakahaere i ngā taonga hei whakapai ake i te mahi a tō pakihi.
Te Hiranga o te Whakahaere Hea i roto i te Pakihi
Ko te whakahaere rawa he tukanga whakahaere me te aroturuki i ngā rawa o tētahi pakihi, mai i te hoko mai ki te hoko atu. Mā te whakahaere rawa pai, ka taea e tētahi kamupene te:
1. Āraia te Whakanuia Rawa o ngā Taonga: Ka nui rawa ngā utu rokiroki ka nui ake, ka tūpono hoki ka pakaru, ka pau rānei ngā hua.
2. Ārai i te Pau o ngā Taonga: Ka taea e te pau o ngā taonga te arahi ki te ngaronga o ngā hoko me te hekenga o te pai o te kaihoko.
3. Te Whakarite i te Whai Hua o te Whakahaere: Mā te whakahaere pai o ngā rawa ka āwhina i te whakamahere whakaputa me te whakahaere utu.
Ngā Mahi Whai Hua hei Whakahaere i ngā Taonga
1. Whakarōpūtia ngā taonga
He taahiraa tuatahi nui te whakarōpū i ngā taonga i roto i te whakahaere rawa. He maha ngā tikanga whakarōpū ka taea te whakamahi, ko tētahi ko te tikanga ABC. I roto i tēnei tikanga, ka whakarōpūhia ngā taonga ki ngā wāhanga e toru i runga i tōna uara:
– A (Ngā taonga utu nui): Ngā taonga he nui te utu engari he iti te auau o te nekehanga.
– B (Ngā tūemi uara-waenga): Ngā tūemi he uara-waenga, he auau hoki o te nekehanga.
– C (Ngā taonga iti te uara): Ngā taonga he iti te uara engari he nui te auau o te nekehanga.
Mā tēnei whakarōpūtanga, ka taea e koe te aro nui atu ki te kāwai A, he mea nui tēnei ki te pakihi.
2. Whakamahia he Pūnaha Whakahaere Taonga Aunoa
He āwhina nui te hangarau ki te whakahaere i ngā taonga. Whakamahia he pūmanawa whakahaere taonga, he pūnaha whakahaere taonga rānei e āhei ai koe ki te:
– Aroturuki i ngā taonga i te wā tūturu.
– Whakaaunoa te tukanga tono anō.
– Te whakaputa i ngā pūrongo hea.
Mā tēnei pūnaha ka whakaiti i ngā hapa tangata, ka whakapiki ake i te whai huatanga, ā, ka whakarato raraunga tika mō te whakatau kaupapa.
3. Whakamahia ngā Tikanga FIFO me LIFO
Ko te FIFO (Tuatahi ki roto, tuatahi ki waho) me te LIFO (Whakamutunga ki roto, tuatahi ki waho) ngā tikanga e rua e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te whakahaere taonga:
– FIFO: Ko ngā taonga tuatahi ki roto ko ngā taonga tuatahi ki waho. He pai tēnei tikanga mō ngā hua he iti te roa o te oranga.
– LIFO: Ko ngā taonga whakamutunga e tomo mai ana ko rātou te tuatahi ki te puta. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga i roto i ngā ahumahi e mahi ana ki ngā rauemi mata, e rerekē pinepine ana te utu o te whakaputa.
Ko te whiriwhiri i waenga i te FIFO me te LIFO ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo hua me tō rautaki pakihi.
4. Te Mana Whakahaere Taonga Iti me te Mana Whakahaere Mōrahi
Whakatakotoria ngā taumata iti rawa me ngā taumata mōrahi mō ia hua. Ko te iti rawa o ngā taonga ko te nui o ngā taonga me noho tonu hei karo i te korenga, ko te nui rawa ia o ngā taonga ko te rohenga teitei o ngā taumata taonga hei karo i te nui rawa. Whakamahia te tātai ira tono anō hei whakatau i te wā me tono anō i tētahi hua:
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Te wā tono anō = (Te tere whakamahinga o ia rā Te wā arahi) + Te taonga haumaru
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Ma tenei, e kore e pau āu taonga, e kore hoki e nui rawa ngā taonga.
5. Arotakenga Hea Auau
He mea nui ngā arotakenga hea auau, ā-tinana, ā-pūnaha hoki, kia rite ai ngā taumata hea ki ngā rekoata. He maha ngā tikanga arotake hea ka taea te whakamahi, pēnei i:
– Te Kohi Taonga: Te tatau ā-tinana i ngā taonga i roto i te whare putunga i ngā wā kua whakaritea.
– Tatau Huringa: He tatau ā-wāhanga tonu mō ngā taonga, ko te tikanga mō ngā taonga e neke haere ana, e nui ana rānei te uara.
Mā tēnei arotake ka āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā rerekētanga o ngā taonga, te whakahekenga, te tahae rānei, ā, ka whakarato hoki i ngā raraunga tika mō te whakatau kaupapa.
6. Whakahaerehia te Deadstock me te Matatau
Ko ngā taonga mate he taonga kāore anō kia hokona, kāore rānei i nekehia mō tētahi wā kua whakaritea. Ka waiho pea ngā taonga mate hei taumahatanga ki ngā pakihi nā te mea he nui te wāhi rokiroki e pau ana, ā, he utu nui hoki. Hei whakahaere i ngā taonga mate, ka taea e koe te:
– Ngā Hokonga Hekenga: Te tuku hekenga nui hei whakakore i ngā taonga tawhito.
– Hokonga Paihere: Te whakakotahi i ngā taonga kua kore e whakamahia me ētahi atu hua hokohoko hei kukume mai i ngā kaihoko.
– Whakahokia ki te Kaiwhakarato: Ki te taea, whakahokia ngā taonga kua mate ki te kaiwhakarato.
Mā te whakahaere matatau i ngā taonga kua mate, ka taea e koe te whakaiti i ngā ngaronga me te whakamahi pai ake i te wāhi rokiroki.
7. Te Matapae me te Tātari Raraunga
Whakamahia ngā raraunga hoko o mua hei matapae, hei matapae rānei i te tono ā muri ake nei. He āwhina te tātari raraunga ki:
– Te whakamahere i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā rawa.
– Matapae i ngā au o te wā.
– Te kite i ngā tauira tono.
Mā te matapae tika, ka taea e koe te whakahaere pai ake i ō taonga me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te iti rawa, te rahi rawa rānei o ngā taonga.
8. Whakangungu me te Whakauru i ngā Kaimahi
Me whakarite kia whiwhi whakangungu tika ngā kaimahi e whai wāhi ana ki te whakahaere rawa. Me mārama rātou ki:
– Ngā tikanga mō te whiwhi me te penapena taonga.
– Me pēhea te whakamahi i te pūnaha whakahaere rawa.
– Te arotake taonga me ngā tikanga haumaru.
Ka taea e ngā kaimahi kua whakangungua, kua hihiri hoki te āwhina i te whakahaere rawa kia whai hua ake, kia mau tonu ai hoki te tika o ngā raraunga.
9. Whakamahia te Tikanga Just In Time (JIT)
He tikanga whakahaere taonga a Just In Time e whakaiti ana i te nui o ngā taonga e puritia ana. Ka tonoa, ka riro mai hoki ngā taonga i te wā tika, e ai ki ngā hiahia whakaputa, hoko rānei. Ko tēnei tikanga:
– Whakaitihia ngā utu rokiroki.
– Whakaitihia te mōrearea o te korenga o ngā rauemi.
– Whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi.
Heoi, me whai mahi tahi te JIT me ngā kaiwhakarato, me te tere hoki o te mahi.
Whakamutunga
Ko te whakahaere rawa whai hua te mea nui ki te pupuri i te maeneene o ngā mahi me te hua o te pakihi. Mā te whakatinana i ngā mahi pēnei i te whakarōpūtanga rawa, te whakamahi i te hangarau, te whakatakoto i ngā taumata rawa iti me te rawa mōrahi, ngā arotake auau, me te tātari raraunga, ka taea e koe te whakarite kei te wātea tonu ngā rawa ina hiahiatia, me te kore e puta he utu koretake. Mā te whakangungu kaimahi me te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakahaere rawa motuhake pēnei i te FIFO, LIFO, me te JIT ka āwhina hoki ki te arotau i tēnei tukanga.
Kia maumahara, ehara i te mea ko te tuhi noa i ngā taonga e haere mai ana, e haere atu ana hoki te whakahaere rawa; engari he rautaki whānui hei pupuri i te whai huatanga me te whai huatanga o tō pakihi. Mā te whakahaere rawa pai, ka taea e koe te arotahi ki te tipu o te pakihi me te whakapai ake i te pai o te makona o ngā kiritaki.
Te Katinga
Ko te whakahaere rawa whai hua e hiahia ana ki te whakakotahitanga o te hangarau, te rautaki, me te whakauru o ngā kaimahi. Mā te tūhura me te whakatinana i ngā tikanga kua kōrerotia i runga ake nei, ka taea e koe te whakahaere rawa pai ake, te penapena utu, me te whakapai ake i te mahi pakihi whānui. Ko te tumanako kua whai hua tēnei tuhinga, ā, kua homai he māramatanga ki te whakahaere rawa whai hua.
