He Kupu Whakataki Taketake ki te Mākete Here
He wāhanga matua te mākete here o te pūnaha pūtea o te ao. Ahakoa kāore i te tino mōhiotia pērā i te mākete hea, he mahi nui tāna ki te whakarato i te moni me te pumau pūtea. Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhinga he whakarato i tētahi whakataki taketake ki te mākete here, e kapi ana i tōna whakamāramatanga, ngā momo here, ngā tikanga hokohoko, me ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki ngā utu here.
He aha te Here?
Ko ngā here he taputapu nama e tukuna ana e ngā kāwanatanga, e ngā umanga, e ētahi atu hinonga rānei hei kohi moni. Ina hoko koe i tētahi here, ka tuku moni koe ki te kaiwhakaputa here. Hei utu, ka oati te kaiwhakaputa here ki te whakahoki i te moni matua me te huamoni i tētahi wā kua whakaritea.
Ngā Wāhanga Matua o ngā Here
1. Uara Tūturu: Ko te nui o te moni ka riro i te kaipupuri here ina pau te here. Ko te uara tūturu he $1.000 mō ngā here umanga.
2. Tīkitipati: Te huamoni e utua ana ki ngā kaipupuri here, e whakaatuhia ana hei ōrau o te uara mata. Ka taea te utu i ēnei utu i ia tau, i ia ono marama, i ia toru marama rānei.
3. Rā Paunga: Ko te rā me whakahoki e te kaiwhakaputa here te uara ingoa o te here ki te kaipupuri here.
Ngā Momo Here
He maha ngā momo here, ka taea te whakarōpū i ēnei i runga i te kaiwhakaputa, te mōrearea, me te tikanga utu huamoni.
1. Ngā Here Kāwanatanga: I tukuna e ngā kāwanatanga ā-motu hei putea i ngā kaupapa me ngā mahi. Ko ngā tauira rongonui ko ngā here Putea i te Hononga o Amerika me ngā Here Pūtea Kāwanatanga (SBN) i Initonīhia.
2. Ngā Here Pakihi: Ka tukuna e ngā kamupene hei kohi moni. He nui ake ō rātou mōrearea i ngā here kāwanatanga, engari he nui ake hoki ngā reiti huamoni hei utu mō taua mōrearea.
3. Ngā Here ā-Rohe: I tukuna e ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe, e ngā kamupene ratonga rānei. I te Hononga o Amerika, kāore he taake ā-motu mō te huamoni o ēnei here, ā, i ētahi wā kāore he taake ā-rohe, i runga i te wāhi noho o te kaipupuri moni.
4. Ngā Here o te Ao: Ngā here e tukuna ana e ngā kamupene, e ngā kāwanatanga rānei o tāwāhi. Ka taea e rātou te tuku kanorau, engari he mōrearea moni me ngā mōrearea tōrangapū anō hoki.
5. Ngā Here Ka taea te Tahuri: Ngā here ka taea te tahuri ki tētahi maha o ngā hea o te kamupene tuku i tētahi utu kua tohua. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kaipupuri here te whai hua mai i te pikinga o te utu hea.
Tikanga Hokohoko Here
He rerekē tēnei i ngā hea e hokohokohia ana i ngā whakawhitinga hea, engari ko ngā here ka hokohokohia mā te kore utu (OTC). Ko te tikanga, ka tū te hokohoko i waenganui i ngā rōpū e rua, mā te kaihokohoko, te kaihokohoko rānei.
Ngā Mākete Tuatahi me ngā Mākete Tuarua
1. Mākete Matua: Koinei te wāhi tuatahi ka tukuna me te hokona atu ngā here. I konei, ka hokona tika mai ngā here i te kaiwhakaputa.
2. Mākete Tuarua: Whai muri i te tukunga o ngā here, ka taea te hokohoko i ngā here i te mākete tuarua. I konei, ka hoko mai, ka hoko atu hoki ngā kaipupuri moni i ngā here o nāianei i waenga i a rātou anō. Ka rerekē pea ngā utu here i te mākete tuarua i runga i ngā āhuatanga ōhanga me te mākete.
Ngā Utu Here me ngā Hua
Ka taea e te utu o tētahi here i te mākete tuarua te teitei ake, te iti iho rānei i tōna uara mata, i runga i ngā reiti huamoni o te mākete o nāianei. E rua ngā ariā matua hei mārama:
1. Utu: Ko te utu o nāianei e hokohokohia ana te here i te mākete tuarua. Ka taea e tēnei utu te utu katoa, tae atu ki te huamoni kua kohia, te utu ma rānei, e kore e whakaurua te huamoni kua kohia.
2. Hua: Ko te hua ko te reiti hokinga mai e tumanakohia ana e ngā kaipupuri moni mai i tētahi here. He maha ngā inenga hua rerekē, engari ko ngā mea e rua e tino kitea ana ko te Hua o Nāianei me te Hua ki te Pakeketanga (YTM).
– Hua o Nāianei: Ka tatauhia hei tīkitipati ā-tau ka wehea ki te utu mākete o nāianei o te here.
– Te Hua ki te Pakeketanga (YTM): Ko te reiti hokinga mai e tumanakohia ana mēnā ka puritia he here tae noa ki te pakeketanga. Ka whakaarohia e YTM ngā utunga tīkitipati katoa me te rerekētanga i waenga i te utu hoko me te uara mata o te here.
Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki ngā Utu Here
He maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki ngā utu here, ko te nuinga o ēnei e pā ana ki te mōrearea me ngā reiti huamoni.
1. Ngā Reiti Huamoni: He pānga tika tā ngā reiti huamoni mākete ki ngā utu here. Mēnā ka piki ake ngā reiti huamoni, ka heke iho ngā utu o ngā here o nāianei, nā te mea ka nui ake ngā tīkitipati e tukuna ana e ngā here hou. I tetahi atu taha, ki te heke iho ngā reiti huamoni, ka piki ake ngā utu o ngā here o nāianei.
2. Te Pikinga Utu: Ka whakaitihia te uara tuturu o ngā utu pumau e puta mai ana i ngā here e te pikinga teitei, ka taea ai te whakaheke i ngā utu here. Ko ngā here he pikinga kua whakauruhia, pērā i ngā Securities Tiakina-Pikitanga a te Tari Taonga (TIPS) i te Hononga o Amerika, kua hangaia hei tiaki i ngā kaipupuri moni mai i te pikinga.
3. Mōrearea Nama: Ko te mōrearea ka kore pea te kaiwhakaputa here e utu i te huamoni, i te tumuaki rānei. Mā ngā whakatauranga nama mai i ngā tari whakatauranga pēnei i a Standard & Poor's, Moody's, me Fitch ka āwhina i ngā kaipupuri moni ki te aromatawai i tēnei mōrearea. Ko ngā here iti te whakatauranga ka tuku hua teitei ake hei utu mō te mōrearea tāpiri.
4. Te Roanga: He ine i te aro o te utu o tētahi here ki ngā panonitanga o ngā reiti huamoni. Ka roa ake te roanga, ka nui ake te aro o te here ki ngā panonitanga o ngā reiti huamoni. He roa ake te roanga o ngā here roa, ā, he ngāwari ake ki ngā panonitanga o ngā reiti huamoni.
5. Ngā Āhuatanga Ōhanga me te Mākete/Ngā Marenatanga: Ka pāngia hoki ngā utu here e ngā kare ā-roto o te mākete me ngā āhuatanga ōhanga. Hei tauira, i ngā wā o te raruraru ōhanga, i te koretake rānei o te ao tōrangapū, ka neke pea ngā kaipupuri moni mai i ngā hea e pōrearea ana ki ngā here pumau ake hei "pūmautanga haumaru."
Whakamutunga
He wāhanga nui te mākete here o te pūnaha pūtea o te ao, e whakarato ana i te huarahi mō ngā hinonga ki te kohi moni, me te whiwhi moni pumau hoki mō ngā kaipupuri moni. Ko te mārama ki ngā kaupapa matua o ngā here, tae atu ki ngā momo here, ngā tikanga hokohoko, me ngā āhuatanga e awe ana i ngā utu here, he taahiraa nui mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te haumi ki tēnei mākete.
Mā te mārama pai ki te mahi a ngā here me ngā mōrearea e pā ana, ka taea e ngā kaipupuri moni te whakatau whai hua ake, whai whakaaro hoki i te wā e whakahaere ana i ā rātou putea. Pērā i ngā haumitanga katoa, ko te mātauranga me te rangahau te mea nui ki te angitu.
