Hangarau Tauwhiro mō te Hī ika
He pou nui ngā mahi hī ika mō te haumarutanga kai, te oranga o te takutai moana, me ngā ōhanga o ngā whenua maha o te motu pēnei i a Indonesia. Heoi, kei te pāngia hoki tēnei rāngai e ngā pēhanga e piki haere ana: te hī ika nui rawa, te whakahekenga o te nohonga ika, te parahanga, te huringa āhuarangi, me ngā mekameka tuku koretake. I roto i tēnei horopaki, ko te hangarau pumau te mea nui ki te pupuri i te taurite i waenga i te hua me te pumau o ngā rauemi. E māramahia ana te hangarau ehara i te mea he mīhini, he tono rānei anake, engari he pūnaha anō hoki—mai i ngā tikanga hī ika, ngā tikanga ahuwhenua, te aroturuki kararehe, ki te tohatoha tika me te iti o te tukunga o ngā ika.
Ngā Wero o te Hī Ika o ēnei Rā
I mua i te kōrero mō te hangarau, he mea nui kia mārama ki ngā wero matua e pā ana ki te hī ika. Tuatahi, ka puta te hī ika nui rawa ina nui ake te hopunga i te kaha o ngā ika ki te whakaora. Tuarua, he maha ngā wā ka hopukina e te hopunga taha ngā momo kāore i te whainga, tae atu ki ngā honu me ngā kararehe moana. Tuatoru, ko te whakangaromanga o ngā nohoanga, pērā i ngā toka korara, ngā moenga tarutaru moana, me ngā mangrove, ka whakaiti i ngā whenua whakatipu ika. Tuawhā, ka nekehia e te huringa āhuarangi te tohatoha ika, ka piki ake te pāmahana o te moana, ā, ka puta ngā āhuatanga huarere kino e whakararu ana i ngā kaihao ika. Tuarima, ko ngā mahi whai muri i te hauhake rawakore ka arahi ki ngā ngaronga me te maumau pūngao.
Kei konei te hangarau tauwhiro hei whakatika i ēnei take mā te whai hua, te mārama, te whakaiti i ngā pānga taiao, me te whakapai ake i te oranga o ngā kaimahi pakihi hī ika.
1) Ngā Taputapu Hī Ika Whiriwhiri, Ā, he Pai ki te Taiao
Ko te taahiraa tere rawa atu ki te hī ika tauwhiro ko te whakapai ake i ngā tikanga hī ika. He maha ngā mahi auaha i roto i ngā taputapu hī ika whiriwhiri ka whakaiti i ngā hopunga taha me te whakangaromanga o te nohanga. Hei tauira:
– He kupenga paerewa te rahi kia taea ai e ngā ika ririki te mawhiti me te tipu ki te rahi e taea ai te hopu.
– He taputapu whakaiti i te hopukanga taha (BRD) i runga i ētahi ika tō, hei "putanga" mō ngā momo kāore i te whāia.
– Kua whakamātauhia te whakamahi i ngā matau porowhita i runga i ngā tokotoko hī ika roa hei whakaiti i te mōrearea o te horomitanga o te matau e ngā honu.
– Ngā Pūrere Ārai Honu (TED) me ētahi whakarerekētanga rama ki ngā kupenga hei whakaiti i te hopunga taha.
Hei tāpiritanga, me haere tahi te whakahoutanga o ngā taputapu hī ika me te whakangungu mō ngā kaihao ika kia tino whakaitihia ai te pānga e te whakamahinga o te hangarau, kaua e whakapiki i te kaha hī ika me te kore e whakahaeretia.
2) Pūnaha Aroturuki Mamati: VMS, AIS, me te Pukapuka-hiko
Kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te oranga tonutanga me te kore raraunga. Kei te piki haere te whakamahi a ngā kāwanatanga me ngā kaitākaro ahumahi i ngā hangarau aroturuki me te pūrongo matihiko:
– Mā te Pūnaha Aroturuki Waka (VMS) me te Pūnaha Tautuhi Aunoa (AIS) ka aroturuki i ngā nekehanga o ngā waka, ka whakapai ake i te haumaru, ka whakaiti i te hī ika turekore (IUU Fishing).
– Mā te Pukapuka-Ipurangi ka māmā ake te tuhi i ngā hopunga, te wāhi, ngā momo ika, me te wā i hopukina ai. He mea nui ēnei raraunga mō ngā aromatawai taonga, te whakatau i ngā toha, me te aroturuki i ngā tutukitanga.
Ki te kohia ngā raraunga i ngā wā katoa, ka taea te whakatinana i ngā kaupapa here pēnei i ngā here mō te wā hī ika, ngā rohe tiaki taiao, ngā rohenga pūtaiao rānei.
3) Te Pūrongo Mamao me te AI mō te Matapae i te Rohe Ika
Kei te noho hei taputapu nui ngā amiorangi me te matauranga horihori (AI) mō te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i te tapuwae waro. Mā te whakamahi i te pāmahana o te mata o te moana (SST), te chlorophyll-a, ngā ia, me ngā raraunga huarere, ka taea e te pūnaha te matapae i ngā rohe hī ika pea.
He pono ngā painga:
– Ka penapena wahie ngā kaihao ika nā te mea kāore e roa te "rapu".
– He pai ake te wā moana, he haumaru ake hoki, nā te mea e pā ana ki ngā matapae huarere.
– Ka taea te whakahaere i te pēhanga hī ika mā roto i ngā mōhiohio rohe e whai whakaaro ana ki ngā wāhi whakaraerae, ki ngā wāhi tiaki taiao rānei.
Heoi anō, me haere tahi te whakatinanatanga o tēnei hangarau me ngā ture kia kore ai e nui rawa ngā mahi hī ika e arohia ki tētahi wāhi.
4) Te Ahuwhenua Tauwhiro: RAS, Biofloc, me te IMTA
E whakaarohia ana te mahi ahuwhenua ika hei otinga mō ngā pēhanga o ngā mahi hī ika hopu, engari he pānga anō hoki mēnā kāore e whakahaerea tikatia—te parahanga matūkai, te whāngai nui, te mate, me ngā pakanga whenua. Ko ngā hangarau ahuwhenua ika pumau ko:
– Pūnaha Whakatipu Wai Anō (RAS): he pūnaha tāpiri wai me te tātari ā-ringa me te tātari koiora, ka hua ake he whakamahinga wai whai hua ake, ā, he pai ake te whakahaere i ngā para. He pai mō te whakanui ake me ngā mana whakahaere pakari, ahakoa he nui te haumitanga tuatahi.
– Biofloc: ka whakamahia he kohinga moroiti hei tukatuka i ngā para rauropi hei huri hei kai māori. He whai hua mō ētahi taonga pēnei i te ika me te kōura, ā, ka āwhina hoki ki te whakaiti i te tukunga para.
– IMTA (Whakatipu Wai Maha-Trophic Whakauru): ka whakakotahi i ngā momo rauropi mai i ngā taumata trophic rerekē (hei tauira, ika/kōura me te rimu me ngā mollusk) kia noho ai ngā para o tētahi rauropi hei matūkai mā ētahi atu. Ka whai tēnei huarahi i tētahi pūnaha rauropi tūturu, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao.
Ko te mea nui ki te whakatipu pumau ehara i te mea ko te hangarau roto anake, engari ko te whāngai tika, te whakamahinga o ngā purapura hauora, te haumarutanga koiora, me te aroturukitanga o te kounga wai.
5) He Kai Rerekē hei Whakaiti i te Āwangawanga mō ngā Ika Para
Ko tētahi o ngā take nui o te mahi ahuwhenua ko te whakawhirinaki ki te paraoa ika me te hinu ika mai i ngā hopunga ika o te ngahere. Hei whakaiti i tēnei pēhanga, kua whakawhanakehia he momo kai rerekē, pēnei i:
– pūmua huawhenua kua whakapūkaratia,
– ngā moroiti,
– pūmua pūtau-kotahi (pūmua mai i ngā moroiti),
– ngā pepeke (hei tauira, te rango hōia pango),
– ngā para ahuwhenua e tukatukahia ana hei kai whāngai kai whai kiko.
E hono ana hoki te auahatanga whāngai ki te whai huatanga—ka taea e te whāngai kounga te whakanui ake i te ōwehenga tahuritanga whāngai (FCR) me te whakaiti i te para.
6) Te Mekameka Matao Penapena-Pūngao me te Tukatuka Whai Muri i te Kotinga
He nui tonu ngā mate i muri i te kotinga i roto i ngā rohe maha, inā koa i runga i te tauine iti. Ko ngā hangarau pumau i roto i tēnei rāngai ko:
– he mekameka makariri taurite ake: he nui te hukapapa, he rokiroki makariri, me te kawe i roto i te pouaka whakamātao.
– ngā mīhini hukapapa me ngā mīhini whakamatao e penapena ana i te pūngao, tae atu ki ērā e whakamahia ana e ngā panera rā mō ngā wāhi tūmatanui.
– te whakapai ake i te takai me te whakahaere akuaku i ngā wāhi taunga ika (TPI).
Ko te whakaiti i ngā ngaronga hua i muri i te kotinga ko te whakaiti i te hiahia mō ētahi atu hī ika, me te whakapiki ake i ngā whiwhinga moni a ngā kaihao ika, me te kore e pēhi i ngā momo ika.
7) Te Whai Aroturuki me te Māramatanga: Waehere QR ki te Poraka Raina
Kei te piki haere te tono a ngā mākete o te ao me ngā kaihoko ki ngā hua hī ika ture, pumau hoki. Mā ngā pūnaha whaiwhai ka taea te whai i ngā hua mai i te moana/roto ki te tēpu kai. He rerekē ngā whakatinanatanga:
– He waehere QR e penapena ana i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te kaipuke, te rohe hī ika, te rā hauhake, me te tikanga whakahaere.
– he tūāpapa matihiko mō te tiwhikete me te arotake.
– i ētahi wā, ka whakamahia te poraka mekameka hei whakapakari i te pono o ngā raraunga puta noa i te mekameka tuku.
Mā tēnei māramatanga ka āwhina i te whawhai ki te hī ika IUU, ka whakapiki ake i te whakapono o te mākete, ā, ka whakatuwhera i ngā whai wāhitanga utu nui mō ngā hua kua whakamātauhia he pumau.
8) Te Pūngao Whakahou me te Whai Hua o te Wahie
Ko ngā tukunga i roto i te rāngai hī ika i ahu mai i te wahie kaipuke, te hiko rokiroki matao, me te tukatuka. Ko ngā otinga pumau ko:
– ngā arotakenga o te pai o te miihini kaipuke me te tiaki auau hei whakaiti i te whakapaunga wahie,
– te hoahoa pai ake o te anga waka,
– te whakamahi i ngā panera rā mō ngā rama, ngā taputapu whakatere, ētahi wāhi taunga rānei,
– te whakamahinga o te biodiesel, o ngā ranunga wahie parakore rānei (me ngā rangahau whaihua me te haumaru).
Ahakoa kāore e tere te whakawhiti pūngao, ka taea e ēnei mahi iti te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere me ngā tukunga.
Te Huarahi Whakamua: Me Haere tahi te Hangarau me te Kāwanatanga
Ahakoa te pai o te hangarau, kāore e ārahi aunoa ki te oranga tonutanga me te kore he kāwanatanga pakari. Me whakakotahi te auahatanga me ngā kaupapa here: ngā rohenga pūtaiao, te tiaki i ngā nohoanga, te whakamana ture, ngā whakatenatena mō te tango hangarau, me te urunga atu ki te pūtea mō ngā kaihao ika iti me ngā kaimahi pāmu iti. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui te mātauranga matihiko me te ārahi i te mara kia kore ai te hangarau e herea ki ngā kaitākaro nunui anake.
Hei whakamutunga, he mahi tahi te hangarau pumau mō te hī ika: ka whakaratohia e ngā kāwanatanga ngā ture me ngā hanganga, ka whakawhanakehia e ngā whare wānanga me ngā umanga ngā auahatanga e tika ana, ā, ka whiriwhiria e ngā hapori ngā hua whai kawenga. Mā te mahi tahi, ka taea e te rāngai hī ika te noho hua tonu me te tiaki i ngā moana me ngā wai hei taonga tuku iho mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai.
