Ngā Rongoā hei Ārai i te Kino o te Pūnaha Taiao
He tino hihiri ngā pūnaha rauropi takutai moana, ā, he maha ngā wāhi whakawhiti i waenganui i te whenua me te moana. Kei roto i ēnei he maha ngā momo nohonga nui pērā i te mangrove, te moenga tarutaru moana, te toka korara, te wai mātao, te takutai onepū, me ngā awaawa. He kāinga hoki ēnei wāhi mō ngā momo koiora kanorau, ā, he tautoko nui hoki mō te oranga o te tangata—mai i ngā puna kai, te tūruhi, te kawe waka, tae atu ki te tiaki taiao mai i ngā tupuhi me te horo. Heoi anō, kei te piki haere tonu te pēhanga ki ngā rohe takutai moana. Ki te kore e tirotirohia, ka puta he tauhohenga mekameka nā te kino o ngā pūnaha rauropi takutai moana: te whakaiti i ngā ika, te pikinga o te waipuke tai me te horo, te ngaronga o ngā oranga mō ngā kaihao ika, me te hekenga o te kounga taiao me te hauora o te marea. Nō reira, me whai otinga ārai whānui, whakamaheretia, me te maha o ngā rōpū.
Ngā tino take o te kino o te pūnaha rauropi takutai moana
Ko te nuinga o te wā, ka puta te kino o te takutai moana nā te whakakotahitanga o ngā mahi a te tangata me te huringa āhuarangi. Tuatahi, ko te hurihanga whenua, pērā i te whakawātea i ngā mangrove mō ngā roto ika, ngā nohoanga, ngā ahumahi, me te whakaora i te takutai moana. Ehara i te mea ka whakakorea noa e ngā mangrove kua tangohia te ngahere te nohoanga mō ngā ika me ngā pāpaka, engari ka ngoikore hoki te tiaki takutai mai i ngā ngaru. Tuarua, ko te parahanga mai i ngā para o te whare, o te ahumahi, me te ahuwhenua me ngā mahi kaipuke. Ka kohia ngā para kirihou me ngā para kirihou iti ki ngā takutai moana, ā, ka pau i ngā mea koiora, ko te nui o ngā matūkai mai i ngā maniua ka taea te whakaoho i te puāwaitanga o te rimurimu ka whakaiti i te hāora rewa. Tuatoru, ko te hī ika nui rawa me te hī ika whakangaro, pērā i te whakamahinga o ngā poma, ngā paitini, ngā taputapu hī ika rānei e kino ai ngā toka me te papa moana. Tuawhā, ko te whanaketanga kore whakamahere, tae atu ki te keri onepu, te keri wai, me ngā hanganga takutai moana e whakarerekē ana i ngā ia me te whakatō. Tuarima, ko ngā pānga o te huringa āhuarangi, pērā i te pikinga o te taumata moana, te pikinga o te pāmahana o te moana, me te huarere kino, ka whakanui ake i te kino o ngā toka me te pakū o te takutai moana.
He mea nui kia mārama ki ēnei pūtake, kia kore ai e whai hua noa ngā rongoā ārai mate, engari kia aro ki te pūtake o te raruraru.
Ngā otinga ārai e ahu mai ana i ngā kaupapa here me ngā whakahaere
Me tīmata te aukati i te kino ki ngā pūnaha rauropi takutai mā te whakahaere kaha. Me whakakaha ake e ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe me ngā kāwanatanga pokapū te whakamahere ā-wāhi mā te whakarōpū i ngā rohe takutai me ngā moutere iti. Me whakatū ngā rohe tiaki taiao, ngā rohe hī ika tauwhiro, ngā rohe tūruhi, me ngā rohe noho i runga i ngā rangahau pūtaiao, kaua ko ngā whakaaro ōhanga poto noa iho. Ko te whakatinanatanga o te ture te mea nui: me whakawā tonu i ngā mahi hī ika whakangaro, te whakakorenga para turekore, me te tope mangrove.
Hei tāpiritanga, me whakatinana rawatia he tikanga "whakaaetanga e hangai ana ki te pānga". Me whai tātaritanga pānga taiao mārama ia kaupapa whakaora whenua, tauranga, me ngā kaupapa ahumahi takutai moana, me whakauru te hapori, me te haere tahi me tētahi mahere whakaiti i te pānga. Ka taea hoki e te kāwanatanga te whakarato i ngā whakatenatena mō ngā mahi atawhai taiao, pērā i te whakahekenga taake, te urunga atu rānei ki te pūtea mō ngā pakihi hī ika me te tūruhi tauwhiro.
Te whakaora me te tiaki i ngā kāinga noho matua: ngā mangrove, ngā tarutaru moana, me ngā toka korara
Kāore e taea te wehewehe i ngā mahi ārai i te tiaki i ngā nohonga taiao e mahi ana hei "pā" takutai. Ko ngā mangrove tētahi o ngā otinga tino whai hua mō te aukati i te waikura, te whakaiti i ngā ngaru, te hopu paru, me te pupuri waro. Ka tutuki te aukati i ngā kino mā te whakamutu i te mahi poro rakau, te whakatū i ngā wāhi tiakina, me te whakatinana i te whakaora taiao. Ko te tikanga me whai whakaaro te whakato mangrove ki ngā momo o te rohe, ki ngā āhuatanga tai, ki te tote, me te rere o te wai, kaua ki te whakato noa i ngā tipu me te kore whakamahere.
He wāhi nui anō hoki ngā mania rimu moana hei wāhi kai mā ngā honu me ngā dugong, hei wāhi noho mō ngā ika taitamariki, hei wāhi pumau hoki mō te paru. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka pāngia te rimu moana e ngā punga kaipuke, te keri whenua, me ngā wai kapua i puta mai i te paru. Ko ngā otinga ko te whakawhāiti i ngā huarahi kaipuke, te whakatū i ngā pōito taunga e pai ana ki te taiao, me te whakahaere i te horo whenua kia mārama tonu ai te wai.
Kei te tūpono ngā toka korari ki ngā tūmomo mōrearea mai i te parahanga, te hī ika whakangaro, me te mahana o te moana, ka puta ai te mā o te korari. Ka taea te ārai mā roto i ngā wāhi tiaki moana whai hua, ngā tirotiro auau, ngā here i te tūruhi nui i ngā wāhi ngoikore, me te whakaako i ngā ruku me ngā kaiwhakahaere tūruhi mō te takahi, te pā atu rānei ki te korari. I ngā wāhi kua pakaru, ka taea e te whakaora te āwhina, engari me haere tahi me te whakaiti i ngā pēhanga matua; ki te kore, ka noho hei kaupapa poto noa te whakawhitinga korari.
Te whakahaere para me te waipara mai i te awa ki te awa
He maha ngā wā ka tīmata te kino o te takutai moana i runga i te whenua. Ka haria e ngā awa ngā para kirihou me ngā waipara ki ngā awaawa me ngā takutai moana. Nō reira, me "whakarunga ki raro" ngā otinga ārai. Me whakapakari ngā kāwanatanga me ngā hapori i ngā pūnaha whakahaere para: te wehewehe whare, te kohikohi auau, ngā whare hangarua, me ngā wāhi tuku para paerewa. Mā te whakaiti i ngā kirihou whakamahi kotahi, te whakatinana i te kawenga kaihanga whānui (PPC), me te whakatū kaupapa putea para ka taea te whakaiti i te turuturu para ki te moana.
Mō ngā para wai, he mea nui te whakapai ake i ngā whare akuaku me ngā whare maimoatanga waipara, inā koa i ngā wāhi taupori me ngā wāhi tūruhi. Me arotake tonu ngā ahumahi takutai moana i ngā whare maimoatanga waipara. Me whakatinana hoki e te ahuwhenua i roto i ngā awaawa ngā tikanga taiao, pērā i te whakamahi tika i ngā tongi, te waihanga i ngā rohe ārai i ngā tahataha awa, me te whakaiti i ngā patupatu kino.
Te hī ika tauwhiro me te tiaki i ngā kararehe ika
Ko te pakari o ngā pūnaha rauropi takutai moana e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te taurite o te mekameka kai. Mēnā ka ngaro ngā kaipahua me ngā kararehe kai otaota matua, ka ngāwari te hinga o te pūnaha rauropi. Ko ngā otinga ārai ko te whakatinana i ngā rohenga hopunga e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga, te iti rawa o te rahi o ngā ika, me te kati i ngā wā whakaputa uri. Me whakatairanga te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu hī ika whiriwhiri hei whakaiti i ngā hopunga taha me te ārai i te kino o ngā nohoanga o te moana.
He mea nui anō hoki te whakapakari i te tūranga o ngā rōpū hī ika. Kua whai hua ngā pūnaha aroturuki ā-hapori, te tuhi i ngā hopunga ika, me ngā whakaaetanga ā-rohe (pēnei i ngā ture sasi me ērā atu tikanga tuku iho) i roto i ngā wāhi maha o Indonesia. Ina whai wāhi ngā kaihao ika hei kaitiaki, ka piki ake te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga nā te mea ka pā tika ki a rātou ngā painga mō te wā roa.
Te whanaketanga ōhanga takutai moana e pai ana ki te taiao
Ka angitu ake te aukati i ngā kino mēnā e hangai ana ki ngā hiahia ōhanga o te hapori. Hei tauira, ko te tūruhi taiao takutai moana he puna moni kē atu hei whakatenatena i te tiaki taiao—mēnā ka whakahaerehia me ngā herenga toro, ngā aratohu whanonga tūruhi, me te tiritiri painga ōrite. Me aro hoki te mahi ahuwhenua ika ki ngā mahi pumau, pērā i ngā roto e kore e kino ki ngā mangrove, te whakahaere tika i ngā whāngai kai, me te whakahaere para o ngā roto hei ārai i te parahanga wai.
Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā kaupapa pūtea matomato te āwhina mā te whakarato utu mō ngā ratonga taiao ki ngā hapori tiaki mangrove, mā te whakarato tautoko pūtea rānei ki ngā pakihi iti me te iti o te pakihi (MSME) e tukatuka ana i ngā para kirihou hei hua whai hua. Pēnei, kāore te tiaki taiao e kitea hei arai ki te whanaketanga, engari hei tūāpapa mō te whai rawa.
Mātauranga, rangahau me te whai wāhi a te marea
Ko ngā otinga ārai pai rawa atu me whakarerekē i ngā whanonga me ngā mōhiotanga. Mā te mātauranga taiao i roto i ngā kura, ngā kaupapa tūmatanui mō ngā para o te moana, me te whakangungu mō ngā kaiwhakahaere tūruhi me ngā kaihao ika ka taea te whakaara ake i te mōhiotanga whānui. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui te rangahau me te aroturuki auau mō te aromatawai i ngā huringa o te kounga wai, te hauora o te toka, te uhi mangrove, me ngā whanaketanga takutai moana. Ko ēnei raraunga te pūtake mō te whakatakoto kaupapa here whai whakaaro me te aromatawai i ngā kaupapa whakaora.
Me whakatenatena hoki te whai wāhi a te marea mā roto i ngā wānanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero takutai moana, te whai wāhi a ngā tāngata ki ngā tirotiro me te aroturuki, me ngā tikanga ripoata takahi ture. Ina rongo ngā hapori i te mana o ngā pūnaha rauropi takutai moana, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka tiakina e rātou, ka whakahēngia hoki ngā mahi whakangaro.
Te urutau ki te huringa āhuarangi me te whakaiti i te mōrearea āwhati
Kei te puta kē te huringa āhuarangi, ā, kei te piki haere ngā tūmomo mōrearea ki ngā takutai moana. Nō reira, me haere tahi te aukati i ngā kino me ngā rautaki urutau: te tiaki i ngā wāhi e ngāwari ana ki te waikura, te whakawhanake i ngā whanaketanga e hangai ana ki te whakaiti i ngā āhuatanga kino, me te whakapakari i ngā hanganga taiao pērā i ngā mangrove me ngā onepū. Kei te piki haere te hiranga o te ariā o ngā "otinga e hangai ana ki te taiao" nā te mea he iti ake ngā utu tiaki, ā, he nui ake ngā painga taiao i ērā o ngā hanganga raima anake. Me whakawhanake hoki i ngā pūnaha whakatūpato wawe mō ngā tupuhi me ngā waipuke tai, me ngā mahere whakawātea mō ngā hapori takutai moana.
Te Katinga
He rawa taiao me te ōhanga kore e taea te whakakapi ngā pūnaha rauropi takutai. Ehara i te mea ko te ngaronga o te ataahua o te taiao anake te take o tōna whakangaromanga, engari he tūmomo mōrearea hoki ki te kai, ki te hauora, me te haumaru o te tangata. Me whakatinana ngātahi ngā otinga ārai: te whakapakari i ngā kaupapa here me te whakamana ture, te tiaki me te whakaora i ngā mangrove, ngā tarutaru moana, me ngā toka, te whakahaere i ngā para me ngā waipara i te taha whakarunga, te whakatinana i ngā mahi hī ika tauwhiro, te whakatairanga i tētahi ōhanga e pai ana ki te taiao, te whakapai ake i te mātauranga me te rangahau, me te whakarite mō te urutau ki te huringa āhuarangi. Mā te mahi tahi a ngā kāwanatanga, ngā hapori, ngā kaipūtaiao, ngā pakihi, me ngā hapori o te rohe, ka taea te pupuri i ngā rohe takutai kia whai hua, kia hauora, kia kaha hoki ki te tiaki i ngā whakatupuranga o nāianei me ngā whakatupuranga o muri mai.
