Te rerekētanga i waenga i te Moana me te Moana
He whānui ngā wāhi e kapi ana i ngā wai o te Ao, ā, he rerekē ngā āhua me ngā rahi. E rua ngā kupu e whakamahia ana hei whakaahua i ngā wai nunui, ko te "moana" me te "moana nui". Ahakoa he rite tonu te āhua o ngā mea e rua, he hononga tahi, he rerekētanga nui kei waenganui i a rāua. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e mātou ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā moana me ngā moana mai i ngā tirohanga rerekē, tae atu ki ō rāua whakamāramatanga, te rahi, te hohonu, ngā mahi ā-taiao, me ētahi atu.
1. Whakamāramatanga
He nui ngā wai tote e kapi ana i ngā wāhi whānui o te mata o te Ao. E rima ngā moana nui o te ao: te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, te Moana Ataratiki, te Moana Īniana, te Moana Tonga, me te Moana Ātika. E kapi ana ngā moana i te 71% o te mata o te Ao, ā, e pupuri ana i te 97% o te wai katoa o te ao.
Ko te moana he wai he iti iho i te moana nui, ā, he maha ngā wā ka honoa ki tētahi atu moana. He maha ngā wā ka takoto ngā moana ki te taha o tētahi whenua nui, ā, ka karapotia e te whenua. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā moana ko te Moana Mediterranean, te Moana Caspian, me te Moana Karipiana. Ka taea hoki te whakarōpū i ngā moana hei wāhanga o tētahi moana, engari he iti ake i te taha whenua.
2. Rahi
Ko te rahi tētahi o ngā rerekētanga tino kitea i waenga i ngā moana me ngā moana. He nui ake ngā moana i ngā moana. Hei tauira, ko te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa te moana nui rawa atu o te ao, e 168.723.000 kiromita tapawha te rahi, ko te Moana Mediterranean ia e 2.500.000 kiromita tapawha te rahi. Nō reira, he iti ake, he whāiti ake ngā moana i ngā moana.
3. Hōhonutanga
Ko te hohonu tētahi atu rerekētanga nui. He hohonu ake ngā moana i ngā moana. Ko te hohonutanga toharite o te moana he tata ki te 3.688 mita, ko te wāhi hohonu rawa, ko te Mariana Trench i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, e tae ana ki te hohonutanga tata ki te 10.994 mita. Ko ngā moana ia, he papaku ake. Hei tauira, ko te hohonutanga toharite o te Moana Mediterranean he tata ki te 1.500 mita.
4. Te Taiao me te Kanorau o te Koiora
He maha ngā momo ora e tautokona ana e ngā moana me ngā moana. Nā te whānui me te hohonu o te moana, he maha ngā momo taiao e wātea ana, mai i te mata e whiti ana te rā ki ngā hohonutanga tino pōuri me te pēhanga. He tino nui te kanorau koiora o te moana, tae atu ki te whānuitanga o ngā ika, ngā kararehe moana, ngā plankton, me ngā rauropi moroiti.
He whānuitia hoki ngā momo ora e tautokona ana e te moana, engari he nui ake ngā rauropi i ngā wai pāpaku e tata ana ki te takutai. Nā te mea ka taea e te hihi o te rā te uru ki ngā hohonutanga pāpaku, e tautoko ana i te tukanga whakaahua e tika ana mō ngā tipu moana me ngā plankton. Ko ngā toka korara, e kitea pinepine ana i te moana, kei roto i ngā rauropi tino kanorau o te Ao.
5. Te Pāmahana me te Tote
He rerekē anō hoki te pāmahana me te tote o te wai i waenga i ngā moana me ngā moana. He whānui ngā rerekētanga o te pāmahana o ngā moana i runga i tō rātou wāhi whenua. He mahana ake te wai e tata ana ki te ekueta, he tino makariri ia te wai e tata ana ki ngā pou. He rerekē anō hoki te tote o te moana engari ko te toharite he tata ki te 35 wāhanga ia mano (ppt).
Nā te tata ki uta me te rerenga mai o ngā awa, tera pea he nui ake ngā rerekētanga o te pāmahana me te tote o ngā moana. Hei tauira, he iti ake te tote o te Moana Baltic i te moana noa nā te nui o te wai māori e rere ana ki roto.
6. Rere me te Ia
He nui ngā wai o te moana e neke ana i roto i ngā tauira pumau, ā, e pā ana ki te āhuarangi o te ao. Ko tētahi tauira rongonui ko te Awa o te Moana-a-Kiwa i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te Raki, e kawe ana i te wai mahana mai i ngā rohe pārūrū ki te raki, e pā ana ki te āhuarangi o Ūropi ki te Hauāuru. He ia hohonu anō hoki kei ngā moana e mōhiotia ana ko te tohanga thermohaline, he "whitiki kawe ao" ā, he mea nui mō te tohanga wera o te ao.
He au anō hoki ō ngā moana, engari he iti ake, he iti ake te auau i ērā o ngā moana. He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā au o te moana e te hau, te āhua o raro i te wai, me ngā tai. Ko ngā āhua o te au o te moana he āhua ā-rohe, ā, ka rerekē rawa atu i runga i te āhua whenua o te rohe.
7. Te Awe o te Tangata
Ahakoa he rerekē ngā pānga o ngā mahi a te tangata ki ngā moana. E kiia ana ngā moana ko ngā "pūkahukahu o te ao" nā te mea ka taea e rātou te mimiti i te hauhā me te whakaputa hāora mā te whakaahua-whakawhitiwhiti e ngā phytoplankton. Heoi, ko ngā take pēnei i te parahanga kirihou, te mahana o te ao, me te hī ika nui rawa, he pānga nui ki te hauora o te moana.
Nā te tata o ngā moana ki te tangata, ka nui ake te pānga o te parahanga tika, pērā i te rerenga wai ahuwhenua, te parahanga ahumahi, me te para o ngā tāone. Ko ngā moana e tata ana ki ngā pokapū taupori tangata ka nui ake te pānga o ngā mahi arumoni pērā i te hī ika, te tūruhi, me te whanaketanga takutai.
8. Te Tūranga i roto i te Ōhanga
He mea nui ngā moana ki ngā ōhanga o te ao me te rohe. He huarahi nui ngā moana mō te hokohoko o te ao, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā taonga o te ao e haria ana e te moana. Ko ngā rauemi taiao pēnei i te hinu me te hau ka tangohia mai i te hohonu o te moana. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui ngā moana mō ngā ahumahi hī ika nui me te tūruhi moana o te ao.
Ahakoa he iti te moana, he mea nui anō hoki ki ngā ōhanga ā-rohe. Ko te hī ika, te tūruhi, me ngā mahi whakangahau moana he torutoru noa iho ngā tauira o te tautoko a te moana i ngā ōhanga i ngā rohe rerekē. E whakawhirinaki ana hoki ngā ahumahi pēnei i te mahi ahuwhenua moana ki te moana hei whakarato i ngā hua kai moana.
9. Te Matawhenua me te Whenua
Nā ngā rerekētanga matawhenua anō hoki i wehewehe ai ngā moana i ngā moana. He maha ngā wā ka hangaia te papa moana ki ngā awaawa hohonu, ki ngā pae maunga waenga moana, me ngā mania whānui o te awhiowhio. Ko te whānui o te papa moana me ngā mahi puia i raro i te wai ētahi o ngā tukanga matawhenua e pā ana ki ngā moana.
Ko ngā moana ia, he maha ngā āhuatanga whenua pērā i ngā kokoru, ngā takutai moana, me ngā moana pāpaku. He maha ake hoki ngā pānga o te horo me te paru i puta mai i te rere o te awa me ngā mahi a te tangata. Nō reira, he tata ake te hononga o ngā āhuatanga whenua moana ki ngā mahi a te whenua e karapoti ana.
10. Pānga ki te Āhuarangi
Hei whakamutunga, he maha ngā huarahi e pā ai ngā moana ki te āhuarangi o te Ao. Ko ngā moana te puna nui mō te wera me te hauhā waro mai i te āhuarangi, e pā ana ki te pāmahana, ngā tauira huarere, me te āhuarangi o te ao. Ko ngā tukanga pēnei i te pikinga me te hekenga o te wai i roto i ngā moana ka pā ki te tohatoha matūkai me te hua koiora puta noa i ngā rohe.
Ka pāngia hoki ngā āhuarangi ā-rohe me ā-rohe e te moana. Hei tauira, ka taea e te moana te whakaōrite i ngā pāmahana o te takutai moana mā te awe o te hau moana, ka hua ake he āhuarangi mātao, mākū i te raumati, ā, he āhuarangi mahana ake i te takurua.
Ahakoa he hononga ā-iwi ngā moana me ngā moana, ā, he maha ngā āhuatanga e rite ana, e whakaatu ana ngā rerekētanga i runga ake nei i te hiranga o te mārama ki te whakahaere me te tiaki i ngā rauemi wai o tō tātou Ao. Ko te hohonu, te rahi, te tūranga taiao, te awe o te tangata, me te taunekeneke ki te āhuarangi ētahi o ngā āhuatanga matua e wehewehe ana i ngā moana me ngā moana.
