Ngā Tikanga Whakatipu Rākau mō ngā Kaupapa Whakatipu Ngāherehere
He mahi nui te whakatō ngahere hei whakaora i te mahi a te ngahere, hei whakapai ake i te whakahaere wai, hei whakaiti i te horo, hei whakanui ake i te kanorau koiora. Heoi, kāore te angitu o te whakatō ngahere e whakatauhia ana e te whakato whenua anake; ka tīmata wawe ake: i roto i te whare whakatipu. He nui ake te tūponotanga o te ora o ngā tipu hauora, ōrite, me te tika ki te wāhi, he tere ake te tipu, ā, he kaha ake te ātete ki te ahotea taiao. Nō reira, ko te mārama ki ngā tikanga whakatō rākau he tūāpapa matua mō ngā kaupapa whakatō ngahere, ahakoa i te hapori, i te kāwanatanga, i te tauine umanga rānei.
1. Te whakamahere whare whakatipu tamariki e ai ki ngā whāinga whakatō ngahere
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te whakatau i te kaupapa o te whakatō ngahere: ahakoa mō te whakaora ngahere tiaki, te whakaora i ngā awaawa, te aukati i te horo whenua, te whakatō otaota i ngā tāone, te whakawhanake ngahere hapori rānei. Ka pā tēnei whāinga ki te whiriwhiri i ngā momo tipu, te maha o ngā tipu, tae atu ki ngā paerewa kounga o ngā tipu. Hei tauira, ko ngā kaupapa whakaora rohe nui, me whai momo paionia tere te tipu ka taea te tu atu ki ngā āhuatanga tino kino, ko ngā kaupapa whakaora rauropi ia e aro nui ana ki ngā momo ā-rohe (taketake) hei whakaora i te taurite o te rauropi.
Hei tāpiritanga, me whakawhanake e ngā whare whakatipu he kaupapa whakaputa purapura e hangai ana ki te wā ua. He mea pai te whakato i te tīmatanga o te wā ua kia kore ai e maroke ngā purapura. Nō reira, me whakaroa te tukanga mai i te whakatipu purapura ki te whakato mō ētahi marama i runga i ngā hiahia o ia momo (hei tauira, 3–8 marama, neke atu rānei, i runga i te momo).
2. Te whiriwhiri i te momo purapura me te pūtake
Me whiriwhiri ngā momo rākau i ngā momo ā-rohe e tika ana mō ngā āhuatanga o te oneone, te ua, te teitei, me te momo rauropi. Ko te whakamahi i ngā momo ā-rohe he mea ngāwari ake te urutau, e tautoko ana i ngā kararehe o te rohe, ā, e whakaiti ana i te mōrearea o ngā momo whakaeke. Ko ngā momo paionia pērā i te sengon, i te jabon rānei e whakamahia ana hei whakatere i te kati whenua, engari me whakakotahi te whakatō ngahere e hangai ana ki te rauropi me ngā momo tino tipu pērā i te meranti, te damar, ngā momo hua ngahere rānei.
He mea nui te pūtake purapura mō te kounga o te tipu. Me ahu mai ngā purapura i ngā rākau matua hauora, kāore he mate, he tika te pūtake, he pai te karauna, ā, he pai te tipu. He mea nui te kohikohi purapura mai i ngā rākau matua maha (kaua i te kotahi, i te rua rānei) hei pupuri i te kanorau ira, kia kaha ake ai te ātete o ngā wāhi kua whakatōkia ki ngā pepeke, ki ngā mate, me te huringa āhuarangi.
3. Te whakahaere purapura: te whakarōpūtanga, te rokiroki, me te maimoatanga tuatahi
I muri i te kohikohi i ngā purapura, wehea kia wehea ngā purapura ora mai i ngā purapura kore ora. Me maka atu ngā purapura kau, ngā purapura pakaru, ngā purapura rānei kua pangia e ngā pepeke. He wā moe tō ētahi purapura, ā, me rongoā i mua kia rite ai te tupu. Hei tauira:
– Rukuhia ki te wai mō ngā hāora 6–24 kia whakangawari ai te kiri o te purapura.
– Te whakakorikori mārire (te oro mārire, te ngatata rānei o te kiri) i runga i ngā kākano mārō te anga pērā i ētahi akasia.
– Te whakarōpūtanga (te maimoatanga pāmahana/haumākū motuhake) mō ngā momo e hiahia ana ki te whakaohooho motuhake.
Me whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga o te purapura i te rokiroki purapura. Ko ētahi purapura he pumau i runga i te whata (tika), ko ētahi he tere te pirau ina maroke (he uaua). Mō ngā purapura e tere te pirau, me poto te wā mai i te kotinga ki te rui.
4. Te whakarite i ngā ipu pāpāho me ngā ipu whakatipu
Me ngāwari te oneone pai mō te whakatō purapura, kia mau te wai engari kaua e mākū, ā, kia nui hoki ngā mea rauropi. Ko te ranunga noa ko te oneone o runga, te wairākau kua pakeke, me te onepu i roto i ngā ōwehenga motuhake e ai ki ngā āhuatanga o te rohe. Me kore he mate urutā i roto i te oneone; ki te tika, me mahi he whakahoromata ngāwari, hei tauira mā te whakamaroke i te oneone i te rā, mā te whakamahi rānei i te wairākau kua tino pakeke.
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā ipu whakatipu hei pēke maha, hei paepae tipu, hei kaiwhakangungu pakiaka rānei. He māmā, he iti hoki te utu o ngā pēke maha, engari ki te kore e pai te whakahaere, ka taea te huri haere o ngā pakiaka. Ka āwhina ngā kaiwhakangungu pakiaka ki te whakawhanake i ngā pakiaka hauora engari he nui ake te utu. Mō ngā kaupapa whakatipu ngahere nui, me whai whakaaro te kōwhiringa ipu ki te whai huatanga o te mahi, te kawe tipu, me te kounga o te pakiaka.
5. Ngā tikanga whakatō: te whakatō tika me te whakatō ā-kore
E rua ngā huarahi whānui:
1. Te rui tika ki roto i ngā putea maha: Ka ruia tika ngā purapura ki roto i te ipu whakamutunga. Ko te painga o tēnei ko te karo i te ahotea o te whakatō. He pai mō ngā purapura nunui, ngā momo rānei he pakiaka tairongo.
2. Whakatōngia ki te moenga/tirei, kātahi ka whakamutua te whāngai: Ka whakatōngia ngā kākano ki roto i tētahi ipu motuhake, kātahi ka pakari, ka whakawhitia ki ngā putea maha. He pai tēnei tikanga mō ngā kākano iti me ngā kākano nui, engari me mātau i te wā whakamutu kia kore ai e kino ngā pakiaka.
Ko te hohonutanga o te whakatō purapura he 1–2 ngā wā i te rahi o te purapura. Mēnā he hohonu rawa te whakatō o ngā purapura, ka pirau, ka kore rānei e puta ake, engari ko ngā purapura he papaku rawa te whakatō ka maroke, ka kainga rānei e ngā pepeke.
6. Ngā whakaritenga whakamarumaru, whakamakuku me te whakamomona
I ngā wāhanga tōmua, he maha ngā tipu e hiahia ana ki te atarangi hei whakaiti i te kaha o te māramatanga, hei ārai hoki i te mimiti nui. Ka taea te whakamātao mā te whakamahi i te kupenga whakamarumaru, ngā rau kokonati, ngā hanganga māmā rānei. Me whakaiti haere te kaha o te atarangi i te tipu haere o ngā tipu, kia taea ai e rātou te urutau ki ngā āhuatanga o te mara.
Me whakamakuku auau engari kaua e nui rawa. Ka taea e te oneone mākū rawa te whakararu i te harore me te pirau. Ko te mea pai, me whakamakuku i te ata, i te ahiahi rānei, i runga i te haumākū o te oneone me te rangi.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te wairākau pakari hei pūtake mō te whakatō, ā, ka tāpirihia he tongi (wai, tongi tuku puhoi rānei) mēnā e tika ana. Ko te tikanga, kāore e hiahiatia kia "momona" ngā tipu whakatō ngahere, engari me kaha: he kakau pakari, he pakiaka hauora, ā, he tipu taurite.
7. Te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate i roto i te whare whakatipu
He ngāwari ngā whare whakatipu tipu ki ngā pepeke (anuhe, pōpokorua, apīhi) me ngā mate harore. He pai ake te ārai i te rongoā. Anei te mahi:
– Kia mau ki te akuaku, me whakakore ngā purapura mate.
– Whakatikatikahia te tawhiti i waenga i ngā purapura kia pai ai te rere o te hau.
– Āta karohia ngā puna wai.
– Whakamahia ngā rauemi pakari, ma.
Ki te puta he whakaekenga, ka taea te whakahaere i te maimoatanga mā te miihini (te tango i ngā pepeke), mā te koiora (ngā matū), mā te matū rānei i roto i te huarahi tino iti me te whai i ngā ture, inā koa mēnā kei te tata te whare whakatipu ki te puna wai.
8. Te whakawhāiti i te ū, te tapahi pakiaka, me te hanganga tipu
Mō ngā tipu e whakatipuria ana i roto i ngā moenga purapura, ka whakatōkia te hua manu ina he rau pono ngā tipu, ā, he kaha hoki. I te wā e whakatōkia ana, me pupuri kia makuku ngā pakiaka, kaua hoki e piko. Ka tapahia māmātia e ētahi whare whakatipu pakiaka hei whakaoho i ngā pakiaka muka, engari me tūpato kei aukati i te tipu.
Kei roto hoki i te whanaketanga o ngā tipu te kōwhiringa noa: ka tangohia ngā tipu kua pōturi, kua hē te āhua, kua mate rānei. Mā tēnei ka tukuna anake ngā tipu kounga teitei hei whakatō.
9. Te whakapakeke i ngā tipu i mua i te whakatō
Ko te wā "whakapakari" te mea nui mō te angitu i te mara. Ko ngā tipu e tino whakaohokia ana i te whare whakatipu (he marumaru matotoru, he nui rawa te whakamakuku) ka pāngia e te ahotea i te wā e whakatōngia ana. Ka mahia te whakapakeketanga 2–4 wiki i mua i te whakatō mā te:
– Whakaitihia te atarangi mā te āta haere.
– Whakaitihia te auau o te whakamakuku (kia kore ai e memeha rawa ngā tipu).
– Kati te whakamahi i te hauota nui i mua i te whakatō.
Ko te whāinga kia kaha ake te ātete o ngā purapura ki te wera, te hau, me ngā piki me ngā heke o te makuku.
10. Ngā paerewa mō ngā tipu kua rite ki te whakatō me ngā mahi kawe waka
Ko te tikanga, ko ngā tipu kua rite mō te whakatō he pakari ngā kakau, he rau hauora, kāore he pepeke me ngā mate, ā, kāore he pakiaka e herea ana. Ka rerekē te teitei o te tipu i runga i te momo, engari ko te mea nui ko te taurite o te ōwehenga—kaua e roa rawa, kaua hoki e angiangi rawa kia hinga wawe ai.
Me karo te kawe i ngā tipu tipu i te wera nui me ngā hau kaha. Me whakarite kia ātaahua ngā tipu tipu, kaua e pēhia, ā, me whakamakuku kia nui i mua i te haerenga. Kia tae ki te wāhi, me whakamātau poto ngā tipu tipu ki te taiao mēnā he tino rerekē ngā āhuatanga.
Te Katinga
Ko ngā tikanga whakatipu rākau mō ngā kaupapa whakatipu ngahere he raupapa tukanga e hiahia ana kia tika, mai i te kōwhiringa purapura ki te rite o ngā tipu hei whakato. Ko te kounga o ngā tipu ka whakatau i te whai huatanga o te whakato anō, te angitu o te oranga, me te pakari mō te wā roa o te tūnga. Mā te whakamahere tika i te whakaputanga, te kōwhiringa o ngā momo ā-rohe e tika ana, te whakahaere tipu hauora, me te whakapakeke i ngā tipu i mua i te whakato, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā kaupapa whakatipu ngahere ki te whakaputa ngahere pumau, whai hua, me te mahi taiao. Ehara i te mea ko te whakatipu tipu anake ngā tipu whakatipu - engari ko te whakarite i te heke mai o tētahi whenua kua whakahokia mai, kua pumau hoki.
