Ngā Tikanga Tātari Mimi i roto i ngā Kararehe
He tikanga nui te kohi tauira mimi i roto i ngā whakamātautau kararehe haumanu nā te mea he nui ngā mōhiohio kei roto mō te hauora o te tinana. Mā te tātari mimi, ka taea e ngā tākuta kararehe te aromatawai i te mahi a te whatukuhu, te āhua o te wai, ngā mate pāwera (pēnei i te mate huka), ngā mate mimi, me ngā mate pūnaha e pā ana ki ētahi atu okana. Heoi, he nui te pānga o te tikanga kohi tauira ki te kounga o ngā hua tātari mimi. Ko ngā tauira poke, ko ērā e rongoatia ana mō te wā roa rawa, ko ērā rānei kāore i kohia tika, ka arahi pea ki te whakamaoritanga hē o ngā hua. Nō reira, ko te whiriwhiri tikanga, te tika o te tukanga, me te whakahaere i muri i te kohi he mea nui ki te whiwhi tauira whai mana.
Te Kaupapa me ngā Tohu mō te Kohikohi Mimi
I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia te tauira mimi mō te whakamātautau tinana (tae, māramatanga, kakara, rōrahi), te whakamātautau matū (pH, pūmua, hukahuka, ketone, bilirubin), me te whakamātautau mōkito o te paru (ngā pūtau toto, tioata, huakita, maka). Ko ngā tohu mō te tauira mimi ko ngā kararehe me ngā tohu o te mimi pinepine, te mimi mamae, te toto toto iti, te kore hiahia kai, te ruaki, te polyuria-polydipsia, hei whakamātautau noa rānei i mua i te rongoā whakamoe me ētahi atu tikanga hauora. I roto i ngā kararehe, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te whakamātautau mimi hei aroturuki i ngā mate pāwera me te hauora o te kahui.
Te Whakarite Whānui i mua i te Whakamātautau
I mua i te kohikohinga o tētahi tauira, he mea nui kia whakaritea ngā taputapu me te whakaū i te tuakiri o te kararehe me te kaupapa o te whakamātautau. Ko ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana ko tētahi ipu parakore me te taupoki, he karapu, he ngira me te ngira (mō ētahi tikanga), he rongoā paturopi, he miro/kākahu, me tētahi tapanga hei tāpiri i te tauira. Me kohi te mimi hou, ko te mimi tuatahi o te ata te mea pai, nā te mea he kukū ake, ā, he rite ki ngā tawhā rerekē.
Me whai whakaaro anō hoki ki ngā āhuatanga ahotea. Ka pā te ahotea ki te auau o te mimi, ki ngā taumata huka, tae atu ki te whakaoho i te poke nā te uaua o te whakahaere kararehe. Mō ngā kararehe iti pēnei i te ngeru me te kurī, mā te ata noho me te pupuri tika ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te whara me te whakahaere i te tukanga. Mō ngā kararehe nunui pēnei i te kau, i te hōiho rānei, he mea nui te whakahaere haumaru mō te kaiwhakahaere me te kararehe.
Tikanga Tātari Mimi
He maha ngā tikanga mō te kohikohi tauira mimi mai i ngā kararehe. Ko te whiriwhiri i te tikanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo, te āhua o te kararehe, te wātea o ngā taputapu, te kaupapa o te whakamātautau (hei tauira, me whakamahi ngā ahurea huakita i te tauira tino parakore), me te pūkenga o te kaiwhakahaere.
1. Te Kohikohi Mimi Tūturu (Hopu Koreutu)
Ko te tikanga māmā rawa ko te kohi mimi i te wā e mimi ana. Ka kohia te tauira ki roto i tētahi ipu ma, parakore rānei. Mō ngā kurī, he tino māmā tēnei tikanga mā te tuku i te ipu ki roto i te awa mimi. Mō ngā ngeru, ka taea te mahi mā te whakamahi i tētahi pouaka paru motuhake kāore e mimiti (hei tauira, ngā pire kirihou) hei ārai i te mimiti mimi, kātahi ka ringihia te tauira ki roto i tētahi ipu parakore.
Ko ngā painga o tēnei tikanga he iti noa te whakaekenga, kāore he mamae, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he taputapu motuhake. Ko te ngoikoretanga he ngāwari te poke o te tauira e ngā huakita mai i te kiri, i te makawe, i te taiao, i te ara ira tangata rānei. Nō reira, he pai ake tēnei tikanga mō ngā whakamātautau noa (hei tauira, te taumaha motuhake, te pH, te hukahuka), engari kāore i te tino pai mō ngā ahurea mimi nā te mea ka nui ake te mōrearea o ngā hua teka.
2. Te Whakatōnga Catheter o te Urethral
Mā te whakauru i tētahi catheter kore-mate mā roto i te urethra ki roto i te pūkahukahu ka mahia te whakaurunga o tētahi catheter kore-mate. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga i roto i ngā kurī tāne, engari he uaua ake te hangarau i roto i ngā uwha me ngā ngeru. Me whai tikanga ārai-mate tēnei tikanga: ka horoia te wāhi ira tangata, ka whakamahia he catheter kore-mate, ā, ka taea te pania he hinu whakahinuhinu kore-mate hei whakahaere i te whakaurunga.
Ko te painga o te whakaurunga catheter he ma ake te tauira i te tauira hopu-kore, ā, ka taea te whakawātea i te pūkahukahu mēnā ka mau tonu te mimi. Heoi, kei roto i tēnei tikanga te mōrearea o te whara o te urethra, te toto, te whakauru mai o te mate, ā, ka pā mai pea te ahotea, te mamae rānei. Ka taea hoki e te whakamahinga catheter te arahi ki te whakawhiti-paru mēnā kāore i te tino tiakina te koretake. Mō ngā ahurea huakita, he pai ake te whakaurunga catheter i te koretake, engari he iti ake te koretake i te cystocentesis.
3. Te Whakapūtanga o te Hiko
Ko te Cystocentesis te kohikohi tika i te mimi mai i te pūkahukahu mā te whakamahi i te ngira me te pūwero mā roto i te pakitara puku. E kiia ana ko tēnei tikanga te tauira tino parakore, ā, e tino taunakitia ana mō te whakamātautau ahurea me te whakamātautau i te āheinga ki ngā paturopi. He mea noa te mahi i roto i ngā kurī me ngā ngeru, me te aro turuki i te pūkahukahu, te ārahi rānei i te ultrasound hei whakapiki i te tika me te haumaru.
Ko ngā painga o te cystocentesis ko te iti o te poke mai i te urethra me ngā ira tangata, ā, he tauira pai mō te tātaritanga moroiti. Ko ngā ngoikoretanga ko te mahi pokanoa, ā, he tūponotanga pēnei i te toto totoka nā te whara iti, te turuturu mimi, te whara rānei o ngā whekau e karapoti ana mēnā kāore i te tika te tikanga. Me karo te cystocentesis mēnā kāore i te tino kī te pūkahukahu, mēnā kei te kitea he mate toto totoka, mēnā rānei e whakapaetia ana he puranga pūkahukahu, he pakaru rānei.
4. Te Whakapuakitanga o te Pūngāwerewere ā-ringa
Ko te whakaputa ā-ringa ko te pēhi i te pūkahukahu mā roto i te pakitara puku hei whakaoho i te rere o te mimi. He tikanga tēnei e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ētahi kararehe iti, i ngā tūroro rānei he mate pūnaha io kāore e taea te whakaputa uri i te tikanga tika. Heoi, me tūpato nā te mea ka taea e te pēhanga nui te whakahoki i te mimi ki roto i te ureter, te pakaru rānei o te pūkahukahu, inā koa mēnā he aukati urethra.
Tērā pea ka puta he tauira poke i tēnei tikanga nā te mea ka puta te mimi mā te urethra, pērā i te hopunga kore utu. Hei tāpiri, kāore i te tūtohutia kia tangohia ā-ringa te mimi ki ngā kararehe e whakapaetia ana he aukati (hei tauira, ngā ngeru toa he aukati) nā te mea ka kino ake te āhua.
5. Ngā Tikanga Motuhake mō ngā Kararehe me ngā Kararehe Nui
I roto i ngā kau, ngā koati, me ngā hipi, ka taea te kohikohi mimi mā te whakaoho i te perineum, i te vulva rānei (i roto i ngā uwha) kia puta ai te hiahia mimi, kātahi ka kohia te mimi. I roto i ngā hōiho, ka taea te kohikohi mimi i te wā e mimi ana, ahakoa me manawanui me te tirotiro i ngā whanonga. I ētahi wā, ka taea te whakamahi i te catheterization ki ngā kararehe nunui, engari me whai pūkenga motuhake me ngā taputapu e tika ana.
Mō ngā manu, he uaua ake te kohikohi mimi nā te mea ka konatunatua te tukunga mimi ki ngā paru i roto i te āhua o te urate. Ko te tikanga ka nui ake te aro o te whakamātautau ki te aromatawai i ngā paru me ētahi atu āhuatanga haumanu i te tātaritanga mimi paerewa, pērā i ngā kararehe whakangote.
Te Whakahaere Tauira, te Rokiroki, me te Kawe
Kia riro mai te tauira, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te whakahaere tika. Me whakanoho te tauira ki roto i tētahi ipu parakore, kua kati pai, me te tohu i te tuakiri o te kararehe, te rā me te wā o te kohikohinga, me te tikanga kohikohinga. Me whakahaere te whakamātautau i roto i te 30–60 meneti i muri i te kohikohinga hei ārai i ngā huringa pH, te tipu o te huakita, te pakaru o ngā pūtau, me te whakatiotanga. Mena e tika ana kia whakaroa, ka taea te penapena i ngā tauira ki roto i te pouaka whakamātao (tata ki te 2–8°C) ka whakamahana anō ki te pāmahana rūma i mua i te tātari, inā koa mō te tirotiro paru.
Mō ngā ahurea kitakita, me tere te kawe ki te taiwhanga, me te whakamahi i ngā ipu parakore, me te whai i ngā tikanga mekameka makariri ina hiahiatia. Me karo i te poke i te wā e whakatuwhera ana i te ipu, i te wā rānei e whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu kāore i te parakore.
Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki te Kounga o te Tauira
Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te kounga o te tauira ko te poke o te taiao, te whakamahinga o ngā ipu kore-parakore, te whakaroa i te tirotiro, me te here hē, ka arahi pea ki te toto i roto i te mimi nā te whara. Ka pā hoki ngā rongoā me te kai ki te tae, te pH, me te aroaro o ngā tioata. Nō reira, me tuhi te hītori haumanu o te kararehe—tae atu ki ngā maimoatanga o nāianei—ina tukuna ngā tauira.
Whakamutunga
Me whiriwhiri tika ngā tikanga kohi mimi i roto i ngā kararehe, i runga i te kaupapa o te whakamātautau, te āhua o te tūroro, me ngā rauemi e wātea ana. Ko te hopunga noa te mea māmā engari he ngāwari ki te poke; mā te catheterization ka ma ake te tauira engari he mōrearea te whara me te mate; ko te cystocentesis ia ka puta te tauira tino parakore, ā, he pai mō te ahurea. Ka mahia noa te tango ā-ringa i raro i ētahi āhuatanga me te tino tupato, ā, i roto i ngā kararehe nunui, me whai huarahi motuhake ki ia momo. Ahakoa te tikanga, ko te angitu o te tātaritanga mimi ka tino whakatauhia e ngā tikanga aseptic, te whakahaere tika i te tauira, me te whakamātautau tere. Mēnā he tikanga pai, ka taea e ngā tauira mimi te whakamahi hei taputapu tātaritanga tika, ā, he āwhina nui ki te whakatau i te rongoā me te aroturuki i te hauora o ngā kararehe.
