Ngā Kaiwhakawhanau i roto i te Ahurea ā-Rohe: He Pou o te Hauora Tūmatanui Tuku Iho
He mea nui te tūranga o ngā kaiwhakawhanau i roto i te oranga o te hapori, inā koa i ngā wāhi kāore i te tino uru atu ki te hauora o ēnei rā. I roto i ngā ahurea o te rohe, ehara i te mea he tohunga hauora noa iho ngā kaiwhakawhanau engari he tangata whakaute hoki, ā, he mea nui ki te oranga o te hapori. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te tūranga o ngā kaiwhakawhanau i roto i ngā ahurea o te rohe, me pēhea tā rātou whai wāhi ki te hauora tūmatanui, me pēhea te pānga o ngā huringa o te wā ki tēnei umanga.
1. Te Hītori me te Whanaketanga o te Tūranga a ngā Kaiwhakawhanau
Mai anō i ngā wā onamata, kua noho ngā kaiwhakawhanau i roto i ngā ahurea o te rohe. E mōhiotia ana rātou he kaitiaki mō te hauora o te whaea me te tamaiti, ā, he mātauranga tuku iho i ia whakatipuranga. I ngā wā onamata, he nui ake te mahi a ngā kaiwhakawhanau mā te wheako, kaua mā te mātauranga ōkawa. I ako rātou mā te mahi ā-ringa, ā, i tukuna iho ngā mātauranga tuku iho i ia whakatipuranga ki tētahi whakatipuranga.
Ko te mahi a te kaiwhakawhanau tuku iho ko te tautoko i te whaea i te wā e hapu ana, te āwhina i te whānautanga, me te whakarato tiaki i muri i te whānautanga. He maha hoki ngā wā ka hoatu e ngā kaiwhakawhanau he tohutohu mō te hauora uri, te kai totika, me te tiaki pēpi. Ehara i te mea hauora anake tā rātou mahi, engari ko te tautoko kare ā-roto me te pāpori mō te whaea me te whānau.
2. Ngā Kaiwhakawhanau i roto i te Ahurea ā-Rohe o Initonīhia
I Initonīhia, e mōhiotia ana ngā kaiwhakawhanau ko 'paraji' i te reo Sundanese, 'dukun bayi' i te reo Javanese, me ētahi atu kupu i ngā rohe rerekē. He mahi nui tā rātou, inā koa i ngā wāhi taiwhenua. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ēnei kaiwhakawhanau ngā rongoā otaota me ngā tikanga tuku iho i roto i ā rātou mahi.
Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā kaiwhakawhanau tuku iho o Javanese ngā rongoā otaota (jamu) me ngā urut (mirimiri tuku iho) hei wāhanga o tā rātou tiaki. Ka whakamahia hoki e rātou ngā mantra me ngā karakia hei wāhanga o te tukanga whānautanga. He maha ngā wā ka whakakotahi ngā kaiwhakawhanau Baline, e mōhiotia ana ko te 'balian', i ngā mahi hauora me ngā mahi wairua ki te tiaki i ngā wāhine hapu me ngā pēpi.
3. Ngā Mahi Whakawhanau i roto i Ētahi Atu Ahurea o te Ao
I waho atu i Initonīhia, he mahi nui anō tā ngā kaiwhakawhanau i roto i ngā ahurea o te rohe. Hei tauira, i Āwherika, e mōhiotia ana ngā kaiwhakawhanau tuku iho ko te 'aba'. He maha ngā tikanga tuku iho e whakamahia ana e rātou hei āwhina i te whānautanga me te whakarato tiaki i muri i te whānautanga. He maha ngā wā ka mahi ngā kaiwhakawhanau i Āwherika hei hononga i waenga i ngā hapori me te pūnaha hauora ōkawa.
I Amerika Latina, e mōhiotia ana ngā kaiwhakawhanau tuku iho ko ngā 'parteras'. He mahi nui tā rātou i roto i ō rātou hapori mā te whakarato i te tiaki i mua i te whānautanga, te āwhina i ngā whānautanga ki te kāinga, me te tuku tohutohu mō te tiaki i ngā pēpi hou. He maha ngā wā ka tukuna iho ō rātou mātauranga mai i te whaea ki te tamāhine, ka hangaia he whatunga whānui o te tautoko hauora i roto i te hapori.
4. Te Awe o te Ao Hou ki ngā Kaiwhakawhanau Tuku Iho
I te whanaketanga haere o te hangarau me te mātauranga hauora, kei te huri haere te tūranga o ngā kaiwhakawhanau tuku iho. He tokomaha kei te tīmata ki te whiwhi whakangungu ōkawa me te mahi tahi me ngā whare hauora hou. Heoi, he mea nui kia kaua e warewarehia ā rātou takoha nui ki ngā pūnaha hauora hapori.
He wero anō hoki mō ngā kaiwhakawhanau tuku iho i te ao hou. I ētahi wāhi, kua warewarehia, kua warewarehia rānei ō rātou mātauranga me ngā mahi tuku iho nā te tere o te ao hou me te noho tāone. Heoi anō, kei te whakanuia tonutia e ētahi hapori te tūranga o ngā kaiwhakawhanau hei wāhanga nui o tō rātou ahurea.
5. Te Mahi Ngātahi a ngā Kaiwhakawhanau Tuku Iho me ngā Kaiwhakawhanau Whakangungu
He maha ngā painga ka puta mai i te mahi tahi a ngā kaiwhakawhanau tuku iho me ngā kaiwhakawhanau whakangungu. I ētahi whenua, kua whakatinanahia ngā kaupapa whakangungu hei whakahou i ngā pūkenga o ngā kaiwhakawhanau tuku iho, kia taea ai e rātou te whakarato i te tiaki haumaru ake, whai hua ake hoki, me te pupuri tonu i ngā uara ahurea o te rohe.
Hei tauira, i Initonīhia, kua whakaurua he kaupapa whakangungu kaiwhakawhanau o te kāinga, e mahi ai ngā kaiwhakawhanau whakangungu i raro i te arataki a ngā kaiwhakawhanau wheako o te kāinga. Mā tēnei, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakawhanau tuku iho te ako mō ngā mahi hauora hou, i te mea ka taea e ngā kaiwhakawhanau whakangungu te mārama me te whakaute i ngā mahi tuku iho whai hua.
6. Te Tūranga Hapori o ngā Kaiwhakawhanau i roto i te Hapori
Haunga tā rātou mahi hauora, ko ngā kaiwhakawhanau i roto i ngā ahurea o te rohe e kitea ana he kaiārahi hapori me ngā mahi pāpori nui. He maha tonu rātou e mahi ana hei tauira me ngā puna tohutohu, ehara i te mea mō ngā take hauora anake, engari mō ētahi atu take anō hoki pērā i te marena me te mātauranga o ngā tamariki.
E kitea ana te tūranga o te kaiwhakawhanau hei kaiārahi hapori i roto i ngā tikanga tuku iho me ngā kawa tuku iho. Hei tauira, i roto i ētahi ahurea, ka tonoa pea te kaiwhakawhanau ki te manaaki i tētahi pēpi hou, ki te manaaki rānei i tētahi marena. Nō reira, ehara i te mea he kaiwhakarato hauora anake te kaiwhakawhanau engari he kaitiaki anō hoki i ngā uara me ngā tikanga ahurea.
7. Te Ao o ngā Kaiwhakawhanau i roto i te Ahurea o te Rohe
I te mea he mea nui ngā kaiwhakawhanau i roto i ngā ahurea o te rohe, me whakapau kaha kia kore ai ō rātou mātauranga me ā rātou mahi e ngaro i roto i te wā. Ko tētahi huarahi hei mahi i tēnei ko te tuhi i ngā tikanga tuku iho me te whakauru i aua tikanga ki roto i ngā marautanga whakangungu kaiwhakawhanau ōkawa.
Hei tāpiritanga, mā te whakanui me te tautoko i ngā kaiwhakawhanau tuku iho mā roto i ngā kaupapa here me ngā kaupapa a te kāwanatanga ka āwhina i te pupuri i tō rātou tūranga i roto i te hapori. Kei roto i ēnei kaupapa ko te whakamana i ngā kaiwhakawhanau tuku iho, te whakarato urunga ki te whakangungu me te mātauranga tonu, me te whakamana mana i ā rātou takoha ki te pūnaha hauora ā-motu.
Whakamutunga
He mahi nui tā ngā kaiwhakawhanau i roto i ngā ahurea o te rohe ki te pupuri i te hauora o ngā whaea me ngā tamariki, tae atu ki te pupuri i ngā uara me ngā tikanga tuku iho o te hapori. Ahakoa kua hurihia e te ao hou ētahi āhuatanga o tā rātou mahi, kei te noho tonu ngā kaiwhakawhanau tuku iho hei pou nui mō ngā pūnaha hauora hapori. Mē te tautoko me te mahi tahi tika, ka taea tonu e ngā kaiwhakawhanau te noho hei kaitiaki hauora whai hua me te whakaute i roto i ō rātou hapori, i nāianei me ngā rā kei te heke mai.
