Mō te Kāmera Mamati Whakaahua Ahua
He ranunga o te toi, te hokohoko, me te kōrero ā-kanohi te whakaahua ahua. Ehara i te mea ko te hopu kakahu anake; engari ko te hopu anō hoki i te āhua, te āhuarangi, me te tuakiri o tētahi waitohu. I tēnei ao matihiko, kua noho ngā kāmera matihiko hei taputapu matua mō te whakaputa whakaahua koi, ōrite hoki, kua rite mō te whakaputa i runga i ngā papaaho maha—mai i ngā rarangi hokohoko īpurangi ki ngā tuhinga ētita maheni ki ngā kaupapa pāpāho pāpori. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te whakamahi i ngā kāmera matihiko mō te whakaahua ahua, mai i te whakarite ki te whakatinanatanga, kia whiwhi ai i ngā whakaahua ātaahua, ātaahua hoki.
He aha te hiranga o te kāmera mamati mō te whakaahua ahua?
He tere me te mana whakahaere ngā kāmera matihiko. Ka taea e koe te tirotiro tonu i ō whakaahua, te whakarite i te tae me te māramatanga kia tika ake, me te tango whakaahua i te hōputu RAW kia pai ake ai te whakatika. I roto i te ao ahua, ka taea e ngā taipitopito iti te hanga i te rerekētanga nui: te kakano o te papanga, te kounga o te tuitui, te kanapa o ngā taputapu, tae atu ki te tae o te kākahu. Mā ngā kāmera matihiko o ēnei rā ka taea te hopu tika i ēnei taipitopito katoa.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, me tere hoki te rere o ngā mahi a te umanga ahua. Ka taea e ngā whakaahua pukapuka whakaahua te whakauru i ngā kākahu maha, tae atu ki ngā rau. Mā te whakamahi i ngā kāmera matihiko, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakaahua te whakarite kia ōrite te rama, te anga, me te tae mai i tētahi āhua ki tētahi atu, ā, ka puta he hua whakamutunga ma, ōrite hoki.
Te Kōwhiri i te Kāmera Mamati Tika
Ehara i te mea me utu nui ngā kāmera matihiko katoa hei whakaputa whakaahua ahua pai, engari me whai whakaaro ki ētahi āhuatanga:
1. Kounga pūoko me te ahua
Ko ngā kāmera me ngā pūoko APS-C, ngā pūoko anga-katoa rānei, he tino pai ki ngā taipitopito me te mahi i te mārama iti. He maha ngā wā ka whiriwhiria te anga-katoa mō te whakaahua ētita nā tōna whānuitanga hihiri me te kounga bokeh maeneene ake, engari he tino kaha hoki te APS-C mō ngā pukapuka whakaahua me ngā ihirangi matihiko.
2. Te kaha ki te hopu whakaahua RAW
He tino taunakihia te hōputu RAW nā te mea he nui te wāhi hei whakaatu i te tae, hei taurite mā, hei whakatikatika tae hoki i te wā whakaputa muri. I roto i te ao ahua, he mea nui te tika o te tae kia āhua tūturu ai ngā kākahu.
3. Arotahi aunoa tere me te tika
Ko ngā whakaahua i runga i te ara hikoi, ko ngā tauira e nekeneke haere ana, ko ngā mahi rānei i waho, me whai aunoa i te arotahi kia taea ai te whai i te kaupapa i ngā wā katoa.
4. Hononga me te rerema mahi
Ko te hononga i te kāmera ki te pona he mea whakamahi pinepine i roto i ngā whare toi hei āwhina i ngā tīma whakapaipai me ngā kaiwhakahaere toi ki te aroturuki i ngā hua i te wā tonu. Mā tēnei ka tere ake te whakatau kaupapa.
Ngā Arotahi: Te Patu Tino Pai o te Ahua Hou
He nui ake te whai hua o tētahi kāmera pai ina honoa ki te arotahi tika. Mō te ahua, ko ētahi o ngā kōwhiringa arotahi e tino kitea ana ko:
– 50mm, 85mm rānei (tuatahi)
He pai mō ngā whakaahua ahua. He iti noa te whakapōturitanga, he āhua tūturu ngā hua, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakatutuki i te papamuri pōuri huatau.
– 24–70mm (whakanui)
He maha ngā whakamahinga mō ngā pukapuka titiro, mō ngā huinga iti, mō ngā whakaahua ētita rānei e hiahia ana kia tere te whakarerekē i te anga mai i te tinana katoa ki te tinana haurua.
– 70–200mm
He tino pai mō ngā whakaahua i runga i te ara rere, i waho rānei, he tawhiti te tawhiti. Mā te kōpeketanga tirohanga ka ātaahua ake te āhua o te tauira, ka āta whakarite ake hoki te papamuri.
Ka pāngia hoki te āhua o te tinana o te tauira e te roa o te arotahi. Ka taea e te arotahi whānui rawa (hei tauira, 24mm mō te whakaahua tata) te whakapōturi i te mata, i te tinana rānei. Nō reira, me tūpato te whakamahi i ngā arotahi whānui, arā, mō ngā ariā whakatika motuhake e hiahiatia ana he pānga whakaari.
Rama: Te Kī ki te Āhua Ahua Huatau
Ko te māramatanga te mea e whakatau ana i te wairua me te kounga o te whakaahua ahua. E rua ngā huarahi matua: te māramatanga o te rūma whakaahua me te māramatanga taiao.
1. Rama Whare Ataata
Mō ngā rārangi hokohoko, mō te hokohoko ipurangi rānei, he maha ngā wā ka whiriwhiria ngā rama rūma whakaata mō tōna āhua ōrite. Ko tētahi whakatakotoranga taketake noa ko:
– Rama matua (pouaka ngohengohe nui) mō te rama matua ngohengohe
– Whakakīia te mārama, te whakaata rānei hei whakaiti i ngā atarangi
– Rama whakamuri, rama awhi rānei hei wehe i te tauira mai i te papamuri
I roto i te rūma mahi toi, ka taea e koe te hanga i te rama kia rite ki te āhua o tō waitohu: he ngawari, he ma hoki mō te āhua utu nui, he rerekē ake rānei mō te āhua huatau, koi hoki.
2. Rama Maamaa
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te mārama taiao mō ngā momo kākahu o te tiriti, ngā tuhinga ētita o waho, me ngā ihirangi pāpāho pāpori. Ko ngā wā pai rawa atu ko:
– Te Hāora Koura (ata, ahiahi rānei) mō ngā tae mahana me ngā atarangi ngawari
– Ngā rā kapua mō te mārama ōrite, kaua e tino kaha rawa
Heoi, me tere te urutau o te whakaahua me te māramatanga tūturu. Whakamahia he whakaata, he mea whakamāhorahora rānei hei pupuri i te māramatanga kia kore e memeha, inā koa i te awatea ina tino kaha rawa te rā.
Ngā Tautuhinga Kāmera e Whakamahia Ana
Kāore he tautuhinga kotahi e tika ana i ngā wā katoa, engari anei ētahi paearu e whakamahia whānuitia ana:
– Pūwero (f/1.8 – f/4) mō ngā whakaahua ahua me te papamuri pōuriuri
– Pūwero (f/5.6 – f/11) mō te tinana katoa me te rārangi pukapuka hei hanga i ngā kākahu kia koi ake, kia ōrite ake hoki
– Ko te tere kati iti rawa 1/200 hei karo i te pōuriuri ina neke te tauira
– Kia iti rawa te ISO (100–400 i roto i te whare mahi, ka taea te whakanui ake i waho mēnā e tika ana)
– Ka whakarerekē te taurite mā ki ngā āhuatanga o te mārama, ka whakarite rānei kia tika ai ngā tae o ngā kākahu
He maha hoki ngā wā ka whakawhirinaki te whakaahua ahua ki te auau. Kia kitea rā anō te āhua tika o te whakaahua, whakamahia te aratau ā-ringa kia ōrite ai ngā hua mō ia anga.
Te Whakatakoto Ahua, te Tū, me te Whakaaturanga
I roto i te ao ahua, ka mahi tahi ngā kaiwhakaahua me tētahi tīma: ngā kaiwhakapai makawe, ngā tohunga whakapaipai, ngā kaiwhakapai makawe, me ngā kaiwhakahaere toi. He mea nui te mahi tahi nā te mea ko ia wāhanga o te anga e kōrero ana mō te waitohu me te ariā.
– Kia tūpato ki te hinganga o te papanga me te piko: whakatikatikahia i mua i te pēhi i te kati.
– Kia whai i ngā tū e whakaata ana i te kākahu: hei tauira, ko ngā ringa ki te hope hei whakanui i te āhua, ko te hikoi rānei hei whakaatu i te rere o te kākahu.
– Te āhua o te whakapuakitanga: ka taea te ngawari, te nanakia, te takaro, te ngaro rānei—whakarerekētia kia rite ki te kaupapa.
Kia mārama te aronga engari me tuku tonu te tauira kia tūhura. He maha ngā whakaahua ahua pai rawa atu ka puta mai i ngā nekehanga taiao i hopukina i te wā tika.
Te Hanga me te Papamuri
Me mārama, me arotahi hoki ngā tirohanga o te ahua. Ka taea e te papamuri pōrearea te whakaiti i te āhua papai. I roto i te whare mahi toi, he maha ngā wā ka whiriwhiria he papamuri noa iho. I waho o te whare mahi toi, ka taea te whai wāhi ki te kōrero: he whare hou mō te āhua iti, he tiriti tāone mō ngā kākahu tiriti, he taiao rānei mō te ariā bohemian.
Whakamahia ngā mātāpono tito pēnei i te ture o ngā hautoru, ngā rārangi ārahi, te anga taurite rānei. Heoi, i roto i te momo ētita, ka taea te takahi ā-ringa i ngā ture hei waihanga i tētahi whakaaro ahurei. Ko te mea nui ko te noho tonu o te kākahu hei pokapū o te aro.
Te Whakatika me te Whakarōpūtanga Tae
He wāhanga nui te wāhanga whakatika o te whakaahua ahua. Kei roto i te nuinga o te wā:
– Te whakatikatika i te whakaaturanga me te rerekētanga
– Te whakatikatika i te taurite mā
– Whakapaipai i te kiri ina hiahiatia (kia mau tonu te āhua tūturu)
– Te whakakoi i ngā taipitopito o te kākahu
– Te whakarōpūtanga tae e ai ki te waitohu
Mō te hokohoko ipurangi, me mau tonu te tika o te tae i te whakatika. Mō te ētita, ka taea te whakamahi i te auahatanga ki te whakatauranga, pērā i ngā tae kiriata, te rerekētanga teitei, te whakamahi rānei i tētahi papatae tae motuhake hei whakaū i te ariā.
Whakamutunga
Ehara i te mea ko ngā taputapu anake te kaupapa o te whakaahua ahua me te kāmera matihiko; me mārama hoki ki te rama, ki ngā karāhe, ki te momo whakaahua, me te kōrero pakiwaitara. Mā ngā kāmera matihiko koe e whakahaere katoa ki te hopu i ngā taipitopito me te wairua e hiahiatia ana i roto i te umanga ahua whakataetae. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu tika, te matatau ki te rama, te pupuri i ngā tautuhinga ōrite, me te whakatika tika, ka taea e koe te whakaputa whakaahua ahua ngaio e whakarei ake ana i te uara o tētahi hua, waitohu rānei.
Ki te whaia nuitia, he tino whakamere te whakaahua ahua—nā te mea ehara i te mea ko te tango whakaahua kākahu anake te mea e mahia ana e koe, engari ko te hanga whakaahua, kare ā-roto, me ngā kōrero mā roto i ngā whakaahua.
