Aratau Tirohanga Pō o te Kāmera Mamati
He mea ātaahua tonu te whakaahua i te pō. Ko ngā rama kanapa o te tāone, ko ngā ara mārama mai i ngā waka, ko ngā rangi pōuri whakaharahara, tae noa ki te marino o te kokonga o te tiriti ka taea te whakaputa whakaahua kaha ki te hinengaro. Heoi, ko te wero nui o te whakaahua pō ko te kore o te mārama. Koinei te wāhi e noho ai te Aratau Tirohanga Pō i runga i ngā kāmera matihiko hei āhuatanga nui, hei āwhina i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaahua kanapa ake, koi ake, me te taiao ake me te kore e hiahia ki te mōhio ki ngā tautuhinga ā-ringa hōhonu.
Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te aratau tirohanga pō, me pēhea tana mahi, āhea me whakamahi, me ngā tohutohu whai hua hei whakanui ake i ngā hua o te whakaahua pō.
He aha te Aratau Tirohanga Pō?
Ko te Aratau Tirohanga Pō he aratau pupuhi motuhake i runga i ngā kāmera matihiko (ngā kāmera pōke, ngā kāmera kore whakaata, ngā kāmera DSLR, me ētahi kāmera mahi) i hangaia mō ngā āhuatanga mārama iti, inā koa i waho i te pō. Ko te tikanga ka tohua tēnei aratau ki te ata marama, whetu rānei.
Ko te whāinga matua kia mārama ake te āhua o ngā whakaahua o te pō, kia whakaitihia hoki te haruru (ngā wāhi taratara), me te pupuri tonu i ngā taipitopito o ngā wāhi pōuri me ngā wāhi kanapa pērā i ngā rama tiriti, te rama neon, ngā matapihi whare rānei.
He rerekē te aratau tirohanga pō i te whakaahua mā te whakamahi i te uira, ā, ko te tikanga he hopu i te māramatanga o te ao kia mau tonu ai te āhua o te pō. He maha ngā wā ka puta te āhua "papatahi" o ngā kaupapa mā te uira, ā, ka puta te āhua pōuriuri o ngā papamuri; i tētahi atu taha, ka ngana te aratau tirohanga pō ki te whakataurite i te kaupapa me te papamuri kia pai ake ai te āhua.
Te Mahi a te Aratau Tirohanga Pō
Ahakoa he rerekē ngā rauropi me ngā huarahi o ia waitohu kāmera, ko te kaupapa mahi o te aratau tirohanga pō e whai ake nei:
1. Tere puhoi o te kati (roa te whakaaturanga)
Ka roa ake te whakatuwheratanga o te kāmera i te kati kia taea ai e te pūoko te hopu i te mārama. Koia te take e hiahiatia ai he ringa pumau, he tūāpapa rānei mō te whakaahua pō, nā te mea ahakoa he iti noa te nekehanga ka pōuriuri.
2. Kua tino whakanuia te ISO
Mā te ISO teitei ake ka tairongo ake te pūoko ki te mārama, ka kanapa ake ngā whakaahua. Heoi, ka puta mai hoki te haruru i te ISO teitei ake. Nō reira, ko te tikanga, ka whakatakotohia e ngā kāmera te ISO ki tētahi rohe motuhake hei whakataurite i te kanapa me te mārama o te ahua.
3. Ka whānui ake te whakatuwheratanga o te kōhao (i runga i ngā kāmera e tautoko ana i tēnei)
Mō ngā kāmera me te mana whakatuwheratanga, ka tīpakohia e te aratau tirohanga pō he whakatuwheratanga nui ake (he iti ake te tau-f) kia nui ake ai te mārama e uru mai ana. Nō reira, ka pāpaku ake te hōhonutanga o te mara, ahakoa kāore tēnei pānga e tino kitea i ngā whakaahua whenua.
4. Te tukatuka whakaiti haruru
He maha ngā kāmera e whakamahi ana i te whakaiti haruru kaha ina whakahohehia te aratau pō. Ko te mutunga mai he whakaahua ātaahua ake, ahakoa ka taea te whakangawari ake i ngā taipitopito iti i ētahi wā.
5. Te whakarārangi anga-maha (i runga i ētahi kāmera hou)
Ka taea e te kāmera te tango whakaahua maha i roto i te tere, kātahi ka whakakotahi i aua whakaahua hei whakaiti i te haruru me te whakarei ake i ngā taipitopito. He whai hua tēnei tikanga, engari he tino tairongo ki ngā mea e neke ana (ngā tāngata e haere ana, ngā waka, ngā rau e pupuhi ana i te hau), ka puta ai he pānga "wairua".
Ngā Painga o te Aratau Tirohanga Pō
He rongonui te aratau tirohanga pō nā te mea he whai hua, he pai hoki mō ngā āhuatanga maha. Ko ētahi o ōna painga:
– He māmā ki te whakamahi: tīpakohia he aratau, tohua te kāmera, kātahi ka tango pikitia.
– Whakanuia te kanapa i ngā āhuatanga mārama iti, me te kore e uaua ngā tautuhinga ā-ringa.
– Ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te pōuri rawa o ngā whakaahua (kāore i te mārama te mārama), inā koa mō te hunga tīmata.
– Ka pupuri i te āhua o te pō nā te mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te māramatanga o te taiao.
– He pai mō ngā whakaahua o ngā tāone nui: ngā rama o te tāone, ngā whare, ngā tiriti, ngā piriti, me ngā tirohanga o te tāone nui.
Ngā Huakore me ngā Here
Ahakoa he āwhina, ehara te aratau tirohanga pō i te otinga mō ngā āhuatanga katoa:
– Ka pōuri haere te āhua ina nekehia te kāmera nā te mea he puhoi ake te kati o te kāmera.
– Ka memeha haere, ka ngaro rānei ngā mea e neke ana, inā koa ka whakarārangihia te kāmera.
– Ka ngāwari te "pōuri" (ka nui rawa te mārama) o ngā mea mārama i roto i ngā rama tino kanapa.
– Ka rerekē ngā tae i ētahi wā nā te mea ka "pōhēhē" te taurite mā aunoa ina whakamahia he ranunga rama hihiko, rama LED, me te rama konutai.
– Tērā pea ka iti haere ngā taipitopito mēnā he kaha rawa te whakaiti i te haruru.
Nō reira, he mea nui tonu te mārama ki te āhuatanga o te pupuhi kia taea ai e koe te whakarerekē i te huarahi e pupuhi ai koe.
Āhea koe me whakamahi i te Aratau Tirohanga Pō?
He pai rawa tēnei aratau ina tangohia ana e koe te whakaahua:
– Te tirohanga ki te tāone i te pō (ngā rama o te tāone).
– He tohu whenua rongonui me ngā rama whakapaipai.
– Ngā tiriti me ngā rama waka e hanga ana i tētahi āhuarangi whakamīharo.
– Te whanga, te takutai rānei i te pō me ngā rama i tawhiti.
– He tirohanga pō ki te kāinga, he iti noa te māramatanga engari he pumau.
I tētahi atu taha, ki te mea kei te tango whakaahua koe i ngā mahi tere i te pō (hei tauira, ngā hākinakina, ngā kōnohete tere, ngā tamariki rānei e oma ana), kāore pea tēnei aratau e pai ake nā te mea he puhoi te tere o te kati. Mō ēnei āhuatanga, he pai ake te whakamahi i te aratau ā-ringa/matua me te tere kati tere ake me te ISO teitei ake, te whakamahi rānei i te karāhe kanapa.
Ngā Tohutohu Whaihua mō te Whakanui i ngā Whakaahua o te Pō
Hei whakapai ake i te koi me te ātaahua o ō whakaahua pō, ngana ki ēnei tohutohu:
1. Whakamahia he tūru, he mata pumau rānei
Ko te tūrama te "patu matua" mō te whakaahua pō. Ki te kore āu, whakatakotoria te kāmera ki runga i te pakitara, i te taiapa, i te tēpu, i te putea rānei hei tautoko. He mea nui te pumau mō te koi.
2. Whakahohehia te taima-ake, te kati mamao rānei
Mā te pēhi i te pātene kati ka wiri te kāmera. Whakamahia he taima-ake 2-hēkona, he mana mamao rānei mō ngā whakaahua koi ake.
3. Kia aro ki ngā pūtake mārama kanapa
Ka taea e ngā rama tiriti me ngā papa pānui te huri i ngā wāhi mārama ki te mā kau. Whakamātauria te neke i te hanganga, te whakamahi rānei i te whakaōritenga whakahōunga kino (hei tauira, -0,3 ki te -1) mēnā ka taea e tō kāmera.
4. Whakamahia ngā rārangi me ngā whakaata
Kī tonu te pō i ngā whakaata: te uku mākū i muri i te ua, te karāhe whare, ngā mata wai, tae atu ki ngā puna wai iti. Ka tāpirihia e ngā whakaata he whānuitanga me te ataahua kaha.
5. Whakamātauria ngā ara māmā
Mena he roa te wā e puta ai te whakaahua i te aratau tirohanga pō, ka taea e koe te hopu i ngā ara o te rama o mua o te waka. Kimihia he wāhi haumaru (te ara piki maunga, te taha o te rori e tiakina ana) ka ngana ki te tito me ngā rārangi rori hei rārangi ārahi.
6. Kia arotahi tonu
I te pō, he uaua te arotahi aunoa. Arotahi ki ngā mea rerekē (ngā rama, ngā taha hanga), whakamahia rānei te arotahi ā-ringa mēnā e wātea ana. Kei ētahi kāmera anō hoki ngā āhuatanga āwhina arotahi pēnei i te arotahi teitei.
7. Kia aro ki te taurite mā
Ka taea e te ranunga o te mārama te whakakōwhai rawa, te whakakākāriki rānei i ngā whakaahua. Mena kei tō kāmera ngā tautuhinga tautuhinga (Tungsten/Incandescent) me Kelvin rānei, ka taea e koe te whakamātau. Mā te tango whakaahua i roto i te RAW ka māmā ake te whakatika tae i te wā e whakatika ana.
8. Kaua e wehi ki te tango whakaahua
He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he whakamātautau mō te whakaahua pō. Tangohia he maha ngā anga me ngā hanganga me ngā whakaaturanga rerekē. Mā tēnei tikanga ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te whiwhi i ngā hua pai rawa atu.
Whakaahua Pō me te Ā-ringa: Ko tēhea te mea pai ake?
He tino māmā te aratau tirohanga pō. Engari ki te hiahia koe ki te whakahaere katoa—hei tauira, te whakatakoto i te tere kati 10–30 hēkona mō ngā ara mārama roa, te pupuri i te ISO kia iti rawa mō te kounga teitei, te raka rānei i te toenga mā kia ōrite—kātahi ka ngāwari ake ngā aratau Ā-ringa (M), te Tūtohinga Matua (S/Tv), te Tūtohinga Matua rānei (A/Av).
He maha ngā kaiwhakaahua ka tīmata ki ngā whakaahua pō, kātahi ka neke haere ki ngā tautuhinga ā-ringa i muri i te mārama ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tere o te kati, te ISO, me te whakatuwheratanga. He "piriti" tino whai hua te aratau whakaahua pō i roto i te ako.
Te Katinga
Ko te Aratau Whakaahua Pō o te Kāmera Mamati he āhuatanga i hangaia hei āwhina i a koe ki te hopu i te ataahua o te pō i roto i te huarahi whaihua ake. Mā te whakarerekē i te whakaaturanga, te ISO, me te tukatuka whakaahua, ka taea e tēnei aratau te whakatutuki i ngā whakaahua kanapa me te āhuarangi ahakoa he iti te mārama. Ahakoa he herenga ōna pērā i te mōrearea o te pōuri me te nui rawa o te mārama, ka tino makona ngā hua—ina koa ka honoa ki ngā tikanga ngāwari pērā i te whakamahi i te tūru, te whakamahi i te taima, me te aro ki te hanganga mārama.
Hei whakamutunga, ehara i te mea ko te tikanga anake te kaupapa o te whakaahua pō, engari ko te kare ā-roto anō hoki. Mā te aratau tirohanga pō ka taea e koe te tūhura i ngā tirohanga o te tāone kanapa, ngā rangi pōuri marino, me ngā kōrero e puta ake ana i muri i te tōnga o te rā. Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te waihanga i tētahi putanga hangarau ake o tēnei tuhinga (me ngā tautuhinga tauira) he putanga māmā ake rānei mō ngā tuhinga tīmatanga.
