Aratau Auaha Kāmera Mamati
I tēnei wā e horapa whānuitia ana ngā kāmera—mai i ngā waea pūkoro ki ngā kāmera kore whakaata me ngā kāmera DSLR—kāore te kaha ki te waihanga whakaahua "motuhake" e pā ana ki ngā taputapu anake, engari ko te whakamahinga a ngā kaiwhakaahua i ngā āhuatanga e wātea ana. Ko tētahi āhuatanga e whakamahia ana hei tūhura i ngā momo tirohanga ko te aratau auaha i runga i ngā kāmera mamati. Mā tēnei aratau ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te waihanga whakaahua me tētahi āhua motuhake, mā roto i ngā tautuhinga aunoa atamai, mā roto rānei i ngā kōwhiringa tukatuka whakaahua e whai ana i ngā momo kiriata, tawhito, toi rānei. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga he aha ngā momo auaha, ō rātou momo, me pēhea te whakamahi i aua momo hei whakanui ake i ngā hua whakaahua.
He aha te Aratau Auaha?
Ko te tikanga whānui, ko ngā aratau auaha he raupapa tautuhinga kāmera i hangaia hei āwhina i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te whakatutuki i ngā pānga tirohanga motuhake me te kore e hiahia ki te mōhio ā-ringa ki ngā āhuatanga hangarau katoa. Ka puta mai ngā aratau auaha i roto i ngā āhua e whai ake nei:
1. Ngā aratau pupuhi pērā i te Aperture Priority (A/Av), te Shutter Priority (S/Tv), me te Manual (M) e whakarato ana i te mana auaha mō te whakaaturanga.
2. Ngā tātari auaha / ngā pānga pikitia pēnei i ngā pānga iti, te kī teitei, te kī iti, te pango me te mā, te kāmera taonga takaro rānei.
3. Ngā momo pikitia / ngā whakatauira kiriata e whakarerekē ana i te rerekētanga, te mātotorutanga, te koi, me te oro tae.
He rerekē ngā kupu a ia kaihanga—hei tauira, "Kāhua Auaha," "Mana Pikitia," "Whakatauira Kiriata," "Ngā Tātari Auaha rānei"—engari he rite tonu te whāinga: he whakarato i ngā kōwhiringa toi hei whakarite i te āhua o ngā whakaahua kia rite ki tō kare ā-roto me tō ariā.
He aha te hiranga o te Aratau Auaha?
E toru ngā huarahi matua e āwhina ai te aratau auaha i ngā kaiwhakaahua. Tuatahi, ka tere ake te tukanga. Kāore i te katoa ngā āhuatanga e āhei ai te whakarite i ngā mea katoa mai i te tīmatanga, inā koa i te wā e tango ana i ngā wā tere pēnei i ngā huihuinga whānau, i ngā whakaahua tiriti rānei. Tuarua, ka akiaki i te tūhura. Ahakoa ngā tīmatanga ka taea te whakamātau i ngā momo tirohanga hou me te kore e mataku kei he hapa tatūnga hangarau. Tuatoru, ka hangaia he tuakiri tirohanga. Ko te ōritetanga o te tae me te oro he tohu a te kaiwhakaahua, ā, ka tino āwhinahia e te aratau auaha, e ngā tautuhinga kua hangaia ki roto i te kāmera rānei.
Heoi, he mea nui anō hoki kia mārama ehara te aratau auaha i te "pōkatata" tino tika. Ko ngā hua ka whakawhirinaki tonu ki te māramatanga, te tito, me te wā. He taputapu noa iho te aratau auaha hei whakarei ake i te karere tirohanga.
Aratau Auaha e Hangai ana ki te Mana Whakaaturanga
Ahakoa kāore i te kiia he "aratau auaha" e te hunga tīmata, ko ēnei momo e toru te tūāpapa o te auahatanga whakaahua nā te mea he pānga tika ki te māramatanga me te āhua o te ahua.
1. Te Manatū Whakatuwheratanga (A/Av): Te Tākaro me te Hōhonutanga o te Āpure
Mā tēnei aratau ka taea e te kaiwhakamahi te whiriwhiri i te pūaha (te whakatuwheratanga o te arotahi), ko te kāmera ia ka whakarite i te tere o te kati kia tika ai te whakaaturanga. Ka puta he pōuri papamuri kaha i te pūaha nui (he tau-f iti pēnei i te f/1.8), he pai mō ngā whakaahua whakaahua me ngā whakaahua taipitopito. Ka nui ake te wāhi arotahi i te pūaha iti (f/8–f/16), he pai mō ngā whenua me ngā hoahoanga.
Ko te kī auaha kei roto i te kōwhiringa o te hōhonutanga o te mara: ka taea e koe te "peke" i te kaupapa mai i tētahi papamuri pukumahi, te waihanga rānei i tētahi ahua koi mai i mua ki muri.
2. Te Mana Matua o te Katiama (S/Tv): Te Whakahaere i te Nekehanga
I konei, ka whiriwhiria e koe te tere o te kati, ā, mā te kāmera e whakatakoto te whakatuwheratanga. Ka whakatio te kati tere (1/500, neke atu rānei) i te mahi—he tino pai mō ngā hākinakina, mō ngā kararehe rānei. Ka hangaia e te kati puhoi (1/30, 1 hēkona, roa atu rānei) he pōuriuri nekehanga, pērā i te rerenga wai mārie, ngā rama waka e whai ana, te huri rānei ki te papamuri rārangi.
He tino whai hua tēnei aratau mō te waihanga i tētahi āhua hihiri i roto i ngā whakaahua. Mā te whakaharatau iti, ka taea e koe te "tuhi" i te nekehanga ki roto i te anga.
3. Ā-ringa (M): Mana Katoa
Mā te aratau ā-ringa koe e āhei ai ki te whakarite tika i te whakatuwheratanga, te tere o te kati, me te ISO. Ki ētahi, koinei te aratau auaha "tino pono", nā te mea ko te whakatau whakaaturanga kei te kaiwhakaahua anake. He whai hua anō hoki te ā-ringa ina rite tonu ngā āhuatanga rama, ina rānei he maha ngā wā ka "mamingatia" te kāmera e ngā papamuri kanapa rawa, pouri rawa rānei.
Aratau Auaha me ngā Tātari me ngā Pānga
He maha ngā kāmera hou e tuku ana i ngā tātari ka taea te whakamahi tika ki ngā whakaahua JPEG. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te whakatutuki i tētahi āhua motuhake me te kore e hiahiatia he whakatika tāpiri.
1. Kotahi/Pango me te Mā
Ka whakanuia e te aratau pango-mā te āhua, te kakano, me te rerekētanga. He tino pai mō te whakaahua tiriti, ngā whakaahua kiripuaki, ngā whakaaturanga whakaari rānei. Mā ētahi kāmera ka taea e koe te whakarerekē i te oro (hei tauira, te sepia), te kōhao, tae atu ki ngā taumata rerekētanga kia rite ki te kiriata tawhito.
2. Kī Teitei me te Kī Iti
Mā te pātene teitei ka puta he whakaahua kanapa, ngawari, he iti noa ngā atarangi—e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakaahua e ahua "māmā" ana, e ma ana. Ko te pātene iti te ritenga kē: he pōuri te nuinga, he kaha te rerekētanga, ā, he arotahi ki ngā māramatanga—he pai mō te ahua ngaro, whakaari rānei.
3. Kāmera Taonga Tākaro, Tawhito, me te Tawhito
Ko te tikanga, ka tāpirihia e ēnei pānga he whakaahua tāpiri, ka whakaitihia te koi o ngā taha, ka whakarerekē i te mātotoru, ka waihanga rānei i tētahi tae. He pai ēnei mō te kōrero pakiwaitara o ngā wā o mua. Heoi, me tūpato kia kore ai e nui rawa te mahi.
4. Pānga Iti (Whakatauira Huri-Horo)
Ka pōuri te nuinga o te ahua e te tātari "iti" engari ko te rārangi arotahi whaiti, ka āhua iti te kaupapa. He tino whai hua tēnei pānga ina tangohia mai i te koki teitei me ngā āhuatanga o te tāone, ngā waka, ngā mano tini rānei.
5. HDR me te Whakaaturanga Maha (Mēnā kei te Wātea)
Ka tukuna e ētahi kāmera te HDR aunoa—e whakakotahi ana i ngā whakaahua maha hei hanga i tētahi taipitopito mārama me te atarangi e taurite ake ana. Mā ngā whakaahua maha ka taea te whakarārangi i ngā whakaahua maha kia puta he pānga toi.
Kāhua Pikitia me te Whakaari Kiriata: Te Tae hei Reo
Ko te aratau auaha e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te ōritetanga ko te whakatauira momo pikitia/kiriata. I konei, ka whakatikatika te kāmera i te pihi oro, te tae, me te koi. Hei tauira, ka whakanui ake te "Hohonu" i te mātotoru kakariki-kikorangi, ka whakangawari te "Portrait" i te kiri, ka whakahaere rānei te "Neutral/Flat" i te rerekētanga kia māmā ake te tukatuka.
I ētahi kāmera, ka tino hira te mahi whakatauira kiriata—e whakaata ana i te āhua o te kiriata anaro me ngā oro mārama ngawari, ngā atarangi ngawari, ngā tae "pakeke" rānei. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ēnei momo mō ngā rerengamahi tere: ka tangohia noa e ngā kaiwhakaahua ngā JPEG, ā, he iti noa ngā whakatikatika e mahia ana, me te kore he whakatika nui.
Ngā Tohutohu mō te Whakamahi i te Aratau Auaha mō ngā Hua Tino Pai
1. Tāutuhia ō whāinga tirohanga mai i te tīmatanga. Pātai atu ki a koe anō: he mea whakaari, he mea ngawari, he mea hihiri, he mea whakamahara rānei kei te hiahia koe?
2. Kia aro nui ki te rama i te tuatahi. Kāore te aratau auaha e whakakapi i te rama pai. Hei tauira, mā te rama taha i te ahiahi ka kaha ake te āhua o te tae kotahi.
3. Whakamahia te RAW + JPEG i ngā wā katoa e taea ai. Ka puta ngā hua tere mai i te JPEG i te aratau auaha, ko te RAW ia e pupuri ana i ngā raraunga mata hei whakatika mēnā e tika ana.
4. Kaua e wehi ki te whakahou me te whakarite. Whakaahuahia tētahi wāhanga i roto i ngā momo auaha maha: tae kotahi, āhua poutū, āhua whenua, tātari tawhito rānei. Whakatauritea ko tēhea te mea e pai ana mō te kōrero.
5. Kia mau tonu te ōritetanga. Mō ngā kaupapa whakaahua (pēnei i te haereere, i ngā huihuinga rānei), he kaha ake te whiriwhiri i tētahi momo tae matua i te whakawhiti i ngā pānga.
Te Katinga
Ko ngā momo auaha i runga i ngā kāmera matihiko he "pouaka taputapu" mō te whakaatu tere me te whai take i ngā whakaaro tirohanga. Mai i ngā mana whakatuwhera me te kati e awe ana i te bokeh me te nekehanga, ki ngā tātari toi me ngā whakatauira kiriata e hanga ana i te tae me te wairua, ka hoatu katoa ki ngā kaiwhakaahua te whai wāhi ki te kōrero pakiwaitara mā roto i ngā whakaahua. Ko te mea nui ehara i te mea ko te whiriwhiri noa i tētahi momo, engari ko te mārama ki ngā pānga ka puta mai me te whakamahi i aua mea i roto i te horopaki. Mā te tūhuratanga iti, ka taea e ngā momo auaha te hono i te āputa i waenga i te whakaahua hangarau me tētahi momo whaiaro motuhake.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarite i tēnei tuhinga kia tino motuhake ake: mō tētahi kāmera DSLR/kore whakaata, kia arotahi rānei ki ngā aratau auaha i runga i ngā kāmera pūkoro (aratau Pro + tātari), me ngā tautuhinga tauira.
