Āhuatanga Panorama Kāmera Mamati
Ehara i te mea ko te hopu i ngā wā poto anake te kaupapa o te whakaahua, engari he huarahi hoki ki te kōrero i ngā kōrero mā roto i ngā whakaahua. I roto i ngā āhuatanga e piki haere ana te rongonui o ngā kāmera matihiko—mai i ngā kāmera kiato, ngā kāmera kore whakaata, ngā kāmera DSLR, ki ngā waea pūkoro—kua noho te aratau panorama hei tētahi o ngā mea tino rongonui. He māmā noa te take: ka taea e ngā panorama te hopu i tētahi whenua whānui i roto i te whakaahua kotahi, ka hoatu he whakaaro ki ngā kaimātakitaki. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga he aha te āhuatanga panorama, me pēhea te mahi, ōna momo, ōna painga me ōna herenga, me ngā tohutohu mō te whakanui ake i ngā hua.
He aha te Āhuatanga Panorama?
Ko te āhuatanga panorama he aratau hopu whakaahua e āhei ai koe ki te tango whakaahua me te tirohanga whānui atu i ngā whakaahua noa. Mā te panorama, ka taea e koe te hopu i ngā whenua, ngā tirohanga o te tāone, ngā roto, ngā mano tini rānei mai i te koki whānui ake—tae atu ki te 180 nekehanga, 360 nekehanga rānei i runga i ētahi taputapu.
Ko te tikanga, ka hangaia ngā panorama mā te whakakotahi i ētahi whakaahua maha i tangohia i ia wā (he raupapa anga) kātahi ka "tuitui" kia kotahi te ahua roa. Ka taea te mahi aunoa i tēnei tukanga i roto i te kāmera, i te whakamahi rānei i te pūmanawa whakatika.
Te Mahi a Panorama i runga i te Kāmera Mamati
I ngā kāmera matihiko o ēnei rā, ko te aratau panorama te tikanga e whai ake nei:
1. Te pupuhi raupapa
Ka tangohia e te kāmera he maha ngā whakaahua me te taupatupatu i waenga i ngā anga, hei tauira, 20–40% o te horahanga o te ahua. He mea nui te taupatupatu kia taea ai e te kāmera te kite i ngā pūwāhi ōrite i roto i ngā anga rerekē.
2. Te kimi āhuatanga
Ka tātarihia e te kāmera ngā taipitopito o ia anga—ngā taha o ngā whare, ngā tauira kapua, te kakano o ngā rākau—kia kitea ai he mea e ōrite ana.
3. Te Whakaritenga
Kia kitea ngā pūwāhi ōrite, ka whakarārangihia e te kāmera te tūranga o te anga kia āhua kotahi ai te rārangi pae tawhiti, te hanganga matua rānei.
4. Te tuitui me te whakaranu
Ka hanumi ngā anga hei whakaahua kotahi. Ka whakarite hoki te kāmera i te tae me te kanapa o te wāhi tuitui kia maeneene ai te whakawhiti.
I ētahi kāmera, ka pēhi noa ngā kaiwhakamahi i te pātene kati kotahi, kātahi ka huri i te kāmera ki te ahunga e hiahiatia ana (mauī-matau, whakarunga-raro rānei). Ka hopu aunoa te kāmera i tētahi raupapa anga. I ētahi atu kāmera, ka hopu ā-ringa ngā kaiwhakamahi i ngā whakaahua maha, kātahi ka whakakotahi.
Ngā momo tirohanga whānui
Kāore te āhuatanga panorama i te ōrite i ngā wā katoa i runga i ngā kāmera katoa. Anei ētahi momo noa:
1. Panorama Whakapae (Panorama Whenua)
Koinei te momo rongonui: ka huri te kāmera mai i te maui ki te matau, mai i te ritenga ke rānei. He pai mō ngā whenua, ngā takutai moana, ngā maunga, me ngā tirohanga tāone.
2. Panorama Poutū
Ka neke te kāmera mai i raro ki runga. He mea whai hua tēnei mō te tango whakaahua i ngā whare teitei, i ngā rerenga wai, i ngā pari, i te roto rānei o ngā wāhi whaiti hei hanga i tētahi whakaahua teitei.
3. Panorama 180 Ngā Tohu
Ka kapi i tētahi koki tirohanga whānui, haurua-porowhita. Ka whakaratohia aunoatia tēnei kōwhiringa e ētahi kāmera, inā koa i te aratau panorama whānui.
4. Panorama 360 Ngā Tohu
Ka puta he tirohanga whānui i tēnei aratau ka taea te tūhura mā te taunekeneke (pēnei i te whakaahua VR). He tikanga tēnei me whai taputapu motuhake (he kāmera 360) he raupapa whakaahua rānei me te pūwāhi hurihuri ōrite.
5. Panorama Maha-Rarangi
Engari mō te rarangi kotahi o ngā whakaahua, ka whakamahia e te whakaahua maha-rarangi ngā rarangi maha (hei tauira, e rua, e toru rānei ngā taumata) kia nui ake ai ngā taipitopito me te taumira. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga e ngā kaiwhakaahua whenua ngaio.
Ngā Painga o te Aratau Panorama
He aha te take i tino rongonui ai ngā panorama? Anei ētahi o ō rātou painga:
1. Hopukia he tirohanga whānui i roto i te whakaahua kotahi
Mā ngā tirohanga whānui ka kitea he horopaki whānui ake. Mō ngā wāhi rongonui, ka taea te whakaatu i te wāhi katoa i te wā kotahi.
2. He rumaki, he whakaari hoki te āhua
Ko te āhua o ngā whakaahua whānui he rite ki te "pōhiri" i te kaimātakitaki ki te āhuarangi, ina koa he ātaahua te tito.
3. Taumira teitei (mēnā ka tika te mahi)
Ki te hangaia he panorama mai i ngā whakaahua maha he tino taumira, ka tino taipitopito te hua mutunga, ka hipa ake i te whakaahua kotahi mai i te arotahi whānui.
4. He kōwhiringa mō te arotahi whānui rawa atu
Kāore he karāhe whānui rawa atu ā te katoa. He otinga pai te tirohanga whānui hei pupuri i te whānuitanga o te tirohanga, me te kore e hiahia ki te hoko karāhe tāpiri.
Ngā Here me ngā Wero
Ahakoa he ngāwari te whakamahi, he rerekē ngā wero o ngā panorama:
1. Tērā pea ka "pakaru" ngā kaupapa e neke ana, ka pōuri rānei.
Ka taea e te hunga e hikoi ana, e pā ana ki ngā waka, ki ngā ngaru, ki ngā kapua tere rānei te whakapōturi, te tāruarua rānei, nā te mea i tangohia ngā anga i ngā wā rerekē.
2. Te whakapōturitanga o te tirohanga
Ki te kore te kāmera e hurihia tika, ka piko pea ngā rārangi tika, ka pōturi rānei te pae tawhiti. He maha ngā wā ka puta tēnei ina tangohia he kāmera ringaringa, kāore he mana whakahaere pumau.
3. Te rerekētanga o te māramatanga i waenga i ngā anga
Ki te rerekē te āhua o te whakaahua i te wā e tango whakaahua ana (hei tauira, nā te āhua aunoa), tera pea he mārama ake, he pōuri ake rānei ngā wāhanga o te panorama ka puta.
4. Raru pararax
Ka puta te pararaka ina neke ngā pūwāhi tata me ngā pūwāhi tawhiti tetahi ki tetahi nā te mea kāore te kāmera e hurihuri ana i te pūwāhi tika. Ka uaua te tuitui i tēnei, inā koa he mea tata pēnei i ngā taiepa, i ngā rākau rānei kei mua.
Ngā Tohutohu mō te Whakanui i ngā Hua Panorama
Hei whakatutuki i ngā hua tirohanga ataahua, koi hoki, he tino whai hua ēnei mahi:
1. Maukati te whakaaturanga me te taurite mā
Ki te taea e tō kāmera, whakamahia te aratau AE-L (aunoa te maukati whakaahua) te aratau ā-ringa rānei. Whakatakotoria he aratau rite tonu me te taurite mā kia kore ai e neke te tae me te kanapa i waenganui o te whakaahua.
2. Kia taurite te pae tawhiti
Whakamahia te mata whatu, te papatahi rānei mēnā e wātea ana. Mā te pae whakarara e uaua ai te tuitui, ā, mā te whakaahua e āhua "taka".
3. Whakamahia he taupatupatu e ranea ana
Kia tino taupatupatu ia anga mā te 20–30% pea. Ki te kore e taupatupatu rawa, ka uaua ki te kāmera te kimi i te pūwāhi kotahi.
4. Hurihia tō tinana, kaua ko ō ringaringa anake.
Mēnā kei te ringaringa koe, hurihia tō tinana mai i te hope, i te uma rānei kia pai ai te nekehanga. Kaua e nekehia te kāmera ki te taha; ko te hurihanga te mea e hiahiatia ana, kaua te nekehanga.
5. Kia aro ki ngā mea e neke ana
Mena he maha ngā kaupapa e neke ana, tatari kia marino ake. Mō ngā whenua, karohia ngā ngaru nui, ngā rau rānei e pupuhi ana ki te pupuhi mena kei te hiahia koe ki tētahi whakaahua ma.
6. Whakaarohia te whakamahi i tētahi tūru
Mā te tūāpapa ka pai ake te hurihanga. Mō ngā hua ngaio, whakamahia he tūāpapa me te pane pano hei pupuri i te hurihanga o te kāmera i te pūwāhi tika, kia whakaitihia ai te parallax.
7. Kōwhiria te aronga tika o te kāmera
Mō ngā tirohanga whānui whakapae, he pai ake te tango whakaahua me te kāmera i te āhua poutū. Ka hua ake he tirohanga whānui teitei ake, ka taea ai te nui ake o ngā taipitopito me te ngāwari o te tito whakaahua.
Panorama i roto i te Kāmera me ngā Taupānga Whakatika
He tino watea te aratau panorama kua hangaia ki roto i te kāmera nā te mea he tere, he aunoa hoki. Heoi, i ētahi wā ka whakaitihia te kounga o te tuitui aunoa, inā koa i ngā āhuatanga uaua. Mō te kounga teitei, he maha ngā kaiwhakaahua e whiriwhiri ana ki te tango whakaahua ā-ringa (RAW i ngā wā katoa e taea ana) kātahi ka tuitui tahi mā te whakamahi i ngā pūmanawa pēnei i a Adobe Lightroom, Photoshop, i tētahi taupānga panorama motuhake rānei. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakahaere nui ake i te tae, te koi, me te whakatikatika hapa.
Te Katinga
He taputapu auaha te āhuatanga panorama i runga i ngā kāmera matihiko e āhei ai tātou ki te hopu i ngā tirohanga whānui me te whakaatu i aua tirohanga i roto i te huarahi rumaki ake. Mā te mārama ki te mahi a ngā panorama, ngā momo panorama, me ngā wero pēnei i te parallax me ngā kaupapa neke, ka taea e tātou te waihanga i ngā panorama ehara i te mea whānui anake, engari he koi, he koi hoki, ā, he kōrero pakiwaitara. Ahakoa mō te tuhi haere, te whakaahua whenua, ngā ihirangi pāpāho pāpori rānei, he āhuatanga whai take, he āhuatanga ngahau tonu te aratau panorama hei tūhura.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te waihanga i tētahi putanga hangarau ake o tēnei tuhinga (e kapi ana i ngā rerengamahi pūnga, parallax, me te RAW), he putanga māmā ake rānei mō ngā ākonga he māmā ake te reo.
