Te Tukanga Hanga Taura mō ngā Pūnaha HVAC
Ko te pūnaha HVAC (Whakamahana, Whakahauhautanga, me te Whakamātao) te pou tuarā o te whakamarie wera me te kounga o te hau i roto i ngā whare maha, mai i ngā kāinga me ngā whare tari ki ngā toa hokohoko me ngā whare ahumahi. Kei muri i te mahi a ngā waeine AC, ngā pouaka whakamatao, ngā AHU (Ngā Wāhanga Whakahaere Hau), ngā FCU (Ngā Wāhanga Koiri Fan), ngā pā hau, ngā ārai hau, me ā rātou pūnaha whakahaere aunoa, kei reira tētahi wāhanga e warewarehia ana: ngā taura. Ehara i te mea ko ngā "kaikawe hiko" anake ngā taura, engari he reo hoki mō te tuku tohu whakahaere, ngā whakawhitiwhiti raraunga, me ngā wāhanga haumaru e whakarite ana kia pumau, kia haumaru hoki te oma o te pūnaha. Nō reira, me whakahaere te tukanga hanga taura mō ngā pūnaha HVAC i roto i te tikanga paerewa, tika, me te rite ki ngā hiahia o te tono mara.
1. Te Whakamahere me te Tāutu i ngā Hiahia
Ko te wāhanga tuatahi o te hanga taura ka tīmata me te whakamahere hoahoa mō te pūnaha HVAC. Ko te tikanga, ka tirohia e te tīma hangarau ngā tuhinga pēnei i ngā hoahoa rārangi kotahi, ngā hoahoa waea o te papa whakahaere, ngā tahora ara taura, me ngā rārangi kawenga. Mā ēnei tuhinga ka whakatauhia ngā momo taura e hiahiatia ana, pēnei i ngā taura hiko mō ngā motuka (ngā pupuhi, ngā papu, ngā compressor), ngā taura whakahaere mō ngā whakapā me ngā whakawhiti, ngā taura taputapu mō ngā pūoko (te pāmahana, te pēhanga, me te rere), me ngā taura whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Whare (BMS) pēnei i ngā whatunga BACnet, Modbus, Ethernet rānei.
I tēnei wā, ka whakatauhia hoki ngā āhuatanga taiao: mēnā ka tāutahia te taura ki roto, ki waho rānei, ki tētahi wāhi makuku, ki tētahi wāhi rānei ka pāngia pea e te hinu/matū. Ka pā tēnei whakatau ki te kōwhiringa o te whakamarumaru, te koti taura, te ātete UV, me te ātete pāmahana.
2. Te Kōwhiri i ngā Whakatakotoranga Taura
Kia tautuhia ngā hiahia, ka whakatauhia ngā whakatakotoranga taura i runga i te iahiko, te ngaohiko, te roa o te oma, me te tikanga tāutanga. Ko ngā taura hiko mō ngā motuka HVAC me whai i tētahi wāhanga whakawhiti motuhake hei ārai i te wera nui me te hekenga ngaohiko teitei. Hei tāpiri, i roto i ngā tāutanga me ngā inverters/VFDs (Variable Frequency Drives), he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he taura VFD motuhake, me te whakamarumaru me te hoahoa motuhake hei whakaiti i te pokanoa hikohiko (EMI).
Mō ngā taura whakahaere me ngā taura taputapu, ehara i te mea ko te iti o te kaha kawe iahiko anake te arotahi engari ko te pono o te tohu. He maha ngā wā ka whiriwhiria ngā taura takirua miro me ngā taura ārai hei karo i te haruru, inā koa mō ngā pūoko anaro (0–10 V, 4–20 mA) me ngā raina whakawhitiwhiti RS-485. I taua wā, ka hiahiatia pea ngā taura ātete-mura, ngā taura halogen kore-paowa iti rānei (LSZH) mō ētahi kaupapa hei whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā paoa paitini mēnā ka puta he ahi.
3. Te Whakarite Rauemi me te Tuhituhinga Whakaputa
Ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te whakarite i ngā rauemi me ngā tuhinga whakaputa. Kei roto i ngā rauemi matua ko ngā roera taura e ai ki ngā whakaritenga, ngā hononga/ngā hononga, ngā taura (ngā hononga pito taura), ngā whakangāwari wera, ngā ringaringa tohu, ngā here taura, te paipa hiko, te paipa rānei (mēnā kei roto i te kete hanga), me ngā tapanga tautuhi. Ko ngā tuhinga whakaputa he rārangi tapahi, he rārangi whakamutu, he paerewa taipana mō ngā pito, me ngā paerewa tau.
I roto i te umanga papa whakahaere HVAC, he mea nui tēnei tuhinga hei whakarite i te ōritetanga i waenga i ngā tohunga hangarau me te whakahaere i ngā tirotiro. Ko ngā hapa iti, pērā i ngā tapanga kāore i te ōrite, i ngā raupapa matua waea rānei kua ranu, ka roa pea te rapurongoā i te wā e whakatūtūria ana.
4. Te tapahi taura
Ka mahia te tapahi taura i runga i tētahi rārangi tapahi e whai whakaaro ana ki te ara tāutanga, te wāhi hei kukume taura, me te wāhi hei whakamutu. He mahi pai te waiho i te roa tāpiri kia kore ai e "ngaro" ngā taura i te wā tāutanga, engari kaua e nui rawa kia noho pai ai te panera, kia kore ai hoki e raruraru.
Ka whakamahia ngā taputapu tapahi motuhake hei tapahi kia ōrite te tapahi, engari kaua e kino te ārai wera. I ētahi awheawhe, ka whakamahia ngā mīhini tapahi aunoa hei whakanui ake i te tere me te ōritetanga, inā koa ka hangaia he taura waea mō ngā panera HVAC.
5. Te tango me te whakarite i ngā pito taura
I muri i te tapahi, wetekina ngā pito o te taura ki te roa e taunakitia ana mō te pito. Me tika te wetekina: ki te poto rawa ka kore e oti te hononga, ki te roa rawa ka kitea ngā ara iahiko ka puta he hononga poto. Mō ngā taura kua taka, me tūpato kia kore ai e tapahia, e wetewete rānei ngā aho.
Hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te hononga, he maha ngā tohunga hangarau e whakamahi ana i ngā taura ki ngā waea kua taunga ka uru ki ngā pito tīwiri. Ka āwhina ngā taura ki te ārai i te taunga kore taurite, me te whakapai ake i te pono o te hononga hiko. Mō ngā taura hiko nui ake, ka whakapikohia ngā taura mā te whakamahi i te whakapiko waipēhi hei whakauru i te taura me te taura.
6. Te Whakakorikori, te Whakamutu, me te Whakapūmautanga
He tukanga tino nui te whakapiko, nā te mea ka whakatau i te kaha ā-pūkaha me te kounga o te pa hiko. Ka taea e te whakapiko ngoikore te hua ake he ātete nui, he wera nui, tae atu ki te ahi pea. Nō reira, me whiriwhiri tika ngā mati whakapiko mō te rahi me te momo hononga. I roto i te mahi ngaio, ka whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau kukume tauira hei whakarite kia tutuki te kaha o te whakapiko i ngā paerewa.
I muri i te whakapiko, ka oti te wāhanga whakamutu mā te hono i te taura ki tētahi poraka pito, ki tētahi whakapā, ki tētahi whakawhiti, ki tētahi MCB/MCCB, ki tētahi atu taputapu whakahaere rānei. Me whakakīkī ngā pito kia rite ki ngā uara taipana a te kaihanga. Ki te tino piri ka kino pea te pito, ki te tino wetekina ka puta he wāhi wera.
7. Te Tohu me te Tapanga Taura
He rau ngā pūwāhi tāuru/putanga (I/O) o ngā pūnaha HVAC hou, ā, he mea nui te tohu taura. Ko ngā tapanga he waehere taura, he pūtake me te ūnga (mai i te ki), he tohu whakairoiro rānei. Ko ngā tikanga tapanga ka uru atu ki ngā tohu ringaringa, ngā tohu whakaiti wera, ngā tapanga takai rānei.
He mea nui ngā tapanga ātete wera, kāore e taea te tango, mō ngā wāhi panera ka piki ake te pāmahana. Haunga te whakangāwari i te tāutanga, ka āwhina te tapanga i te tiaki, nā te mea ka taea e ngā tohunga hangarau te whai i ngā ara taura me te kore e whakatuwhera i ngā wāhanga maha o te pūnaha.
8. Te Huihuinga o te Hāne me te Whakahaere Taura
Mō ngā papa whakahaere HVAC, he maha ngā wā ka herea ngā taura ki roto i ngā whitiki hei whakapūmau i te ma me te ngāwari o te tāutanga. Ka whakamahia ngā here taura, te Velcro rānei hei whakau i ngā taura, me te aro ki te iti rawa o te piko, inā koa mō ngā taura raraunga/whakamarumaru, kia kore ai e heke te tohu.
Ka whakaarohia hoki e te whakahaere taura te wehenga o ngā taura hiko me ngā taura tohu. Mēnā he tata rawa ngā taura, ka taea e te haruru o ngā taura hiko te whakararuraru i ngā pānuitanga pūoko, i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rānei. Nō reira, ko te tikanga ka wehea ngā paipa panera: kotahi te taura mō te hiko, tētahi mō te whakahaere/whakaurunga taputapu.
9. Te Whakamātautau me te Mana Kounga
I mua i te kīanga kua rite te taura, ka whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau hei whakarite kia kore he hapa. Ko ngā whakamātautau noa ko:
1. Whakamātautauhia te haere tonu hei whakarite kei te hono tika ngā aho.
2. Whakamātautau ātete ārai (megger) hei tirotiro mō te turuturu ārai, inā koa i ngā taura hiko.
3. Manatokohia te tapanga kia tino ōrite te waehere tapanga ki te tuhinga.
4. Tirohia ā-kanohi kia kore ai he tapahi i te whakamarumaru, kia tika te whakahaere i te parepare, ā, kia ma ngā pito.
I roto i ngā pūnaha tino nui, ka haere tahi pea te tukanga QC me tētahi rārangi arowhai me te tuhi i ngā hua whakamātautau hei wāhanga o te pūrongo tuku.
10. Te Tākai, te Tukunga, me te Tāutanga Papa
I muri i te whakamātautau, ka tākaihia ngā taura, ngā taura rānei kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o te kaupapa. He maha ngā wā ka tiakina ngā pito taura ki ngā taupoki, ki ngā takai rānei hei ārai i te poke me te kino i te wā e tukuna ana. Mō ngā kaupapa nunui, ka whakarōpūhia ngā tākai mā te panera, mā te wāhi rānei (hei tauira, ngā wāhanga tuanui, ngā tipu whakamatao, ngā papa motuhake) hei whakahaere i te tāutanga.
I te mara, me whai te tāutanga i te ara kua whakaritea mō te paepae, te paipa hiko, te ara whakawhiti rānei. Ko ngā mahi pai ko te pupuri i te tikanga, te whakarite kia tika te whenua/te ārai, te whakamātautau anō i muri i te tāutanga, me te tuhi i ngā rerekētanga mai i te hoahoa tuatahi.
Te Katinga
Ko te tukanga hanga taura mō ngā pūnaha HVAC he raupapa mahi e hiahia ana kia tika, kia paerewa hangarau, me te whakahaere kounga kaha. Mai i te whakamahere whakatakotoranga, te tapahi, te tango i ngā mea, te whakapiko, te tapanga, me te whakamātautau, ka whai wāhi ia wāhanga ki te pono whānui o te pūnaha HVAC. Ko te hanga tika me te ma e kore e tere noa te tāutanga me te tono engari ka whakaiti hoki i te tūponotanga o te whakararuraru, ka māmā ake te tiaki, ā, ka whakapai ake i te haumaru mahi mō te wā roa. I roto i ngā kaupapa HVAC hou e honoa haere ana ki te aunoatanga me te BMS, ko te kounga taura me ngā tukanga hanga he mea matua hei whakatau i te mahi a te pūnaha o te ao tūturu.
