Ngā Momo Colloid: Mai i ngā Aerosol ki ngā Emulsions
He pūnaha marara te kōroiti e marara ana ngā matūriki moroiti i roto i tētahi reo tonu. He nui ake ēnei matūriki i ngā ngota engari he iti noa iho hei noho iri, hei kore hoki e tau ki waho. He mea nui te mahi a ngā kōroiti i roto i ngā momo āhuatanga taiao me te whānuitanga o ngā tono hangarau me ngā tono ahumahi. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou ngā momo kōroiti rerekē, me pēhea te hanga, me ō rātou tono me ngā āhuatanga.
He Kupu Whakataki ki ngā Koroiti
I mua i tā tātou kōrero mō ngā momo kōrori, me mārama tātou he aha te kōrori me tōna rerekētanga mai i te otinga tūturu me te whakatārewatanga. I roto i te otinga tūturu, ka rewa katoa te wairewa i roto i te whakarewa, ka hanga he ranunga ōrite ka taea te tirotiro ahakoa mā te karu hiko hou. He rerekē, i roto i te whakatārewatanga, he nui ngā matūriki wairewa ka tere te tau mena ka waiho te ranunga kia kaua e whakaohokia.
Kei waenganui i ēnei āhuatanga e rua ngā koroid. He rite te rahi o ngā matūriki i waenga i te 1 me te 1000 nanometer, ā, he ōrite te horapa puta noa i te reo marara. Kāore ēnei matūriki koroid e tau nā te nekehanga Brownian, arā, te nekehanga matapōkere o ngā matūriki i puta mai i ngā tukinga i waenga i ngā ngota i roto i te reo marara.
Ngā Momo Colloid i runga i te Wāhanga Marara me te Waenga Marara
Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā kōroiti i runga i te āhua o ngā matūriki marara me te reo marara. Anei ētahi momo kōroiti noa:
1. Ārai hau
Ko ngā aerosol he matūriki totoka, he pata wai rānei e marara ana i roto i te hau. Ko ngā tauira noa o ngā aerosol ko:
– Ngā haurehu totoka: Ko te puehu i te rangi, te paoa mai i ngā mea rauropi e mura ana, me te puehu puia he tauira o ngā matūriki totoka e marara ana i roto i te hau.
– Ngā hauhautanga wai: Ko te kohu, ngā kapua, me te rehu he tauira o te marara o ngā pata wai, o ētahi atu wai rānei ki te rangi.
He mea nui te mahi a ngā hauhautanga ki te āhuarangi o Papatūānuku, e pā ana ki te āhuarangi me te hauora o te tangata. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā matūriki poke e rere ana i te rangi te whakararu i ngā mate manawa.
2. Sol
He kōroiti te sol e marara ana ngā matūriki totoka ki roto i tētahi reo wai. I runga i te reo marara, ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā sol penei:
– Te konupūmā wai: He kaha te piri o ngā matūriki ki te wai. Hei tauira: he tiēre kei roto ko te agar-agar i roto i te wai.
– Ngā matūriki wai-kore: Kāore he hononga o ngā matūriki ki te wai, ā, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he matūriki whakau. Hei tauira: ngā whakatārewatanga polymer i roto i te wai, pērā i te peita.
He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o ngā rā i roto i te hangarau rauemi me te koiora. Hei tauira, ko te waituhi tā he rā e whakamahia ana hei tā tuhinga.
3. Waera
He pūnaha korōra te tiēre, e hanga ana ngā matūriki totoka i tētahi whatunga e mimiti ana i te nui o te wai. Ko ētahi tauira:
– Ngā kirimi i roto i te wai: Ngā agar-agar i roto i te wai, te gelatin, me te pectin i roto i ngā tiamu me ngā tiēre.
– Ngā kirikiri i roto i ngā whakarewa rauropi: Ngā kirikiri e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mea whakapaipai, i ngā hua rongoā rānei.
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā tiēre ki te kai, ki ngā mea whakapaipai, me ngā rongoā. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia ngā tiēre ki roto i ngā karāhe whakapā, i ngā takai rānei hei tuku i te rongoā me te pupuri i te makuku o te kiri.
4. Whakarewatanga
Ko te emulsion he kōroiti i hangaia ina marara ngā wai e rua e kore e taea te whakaranu (pērā i te hinu me te wai) ki roto i a rātou anō. Hei waihanga i te pumau, ka whakamahia he emulsifier. I runga i te wāhanga wai marara me te reo marara, ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā emulsion hei:
– Te hinu-i-roto-i-te-wai (O/W): Te hinu e marara ana i roto i te wai. Tauira: te miraka me te mayonnaise.
– Wai-i-roto-i-te-hinu (W/O) emulsion: Wai i marara i roto i te hinu. Tauira: pata me te pata.
He mea nui ngā emulsion i roto i ngā ahumahi kai, whakapaipai, me te rongoā. Hei tauira, ko ngā kirīmi kiri he emulsion e āwhina ana ki te whakamakuku me te tiaki i te kiri.
5. Huka
He kōroiti te pahuka e puta mai ana ina marara te hau ki roto i te wai, i te totoka rānei. I runga i te āhua o te reo marara, ka taea te whakarōpū i te pahuka hei:
– Pahuka wai: He hau i roto i te wai, pērā i te pahuka hopi, te kirīmi whiu rānei.
– Pahuka totoka: Hau i roto i te totoka, pērā i te pahuka polyurethane, i ngā pihikete wafer rānei.
He maha ngā whakamahinga o te pahuka, mai i te tunu kai ki ngā rauemi hanga whare. Hei tauira, he maha ngā whakamahinga o te pahuka polyurethane hei whakamahana i roto i ngā whare.
6. Wāhanga Marara i roto i ngā Mea Totoka
Kei roto i tēnei momo kōrori ngā matūriki totoka, ngā pata wai rānei e marara ana i roto i te totoka. Ko ngā tauira noa ko:
– Te konukōre totoka: He konganuku utu nui kua marara ki roto i tētahi atu konganuku, pērā i te koranu koura.
– Whakarewa totoka: He pata wai i roto i te totoka, pērā i te ōpara, e hanga ana i tētahi pānga kanapa.
He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o ngā āhua marara i roto i ngā totoka i roto i te hangarau rauemi, pērā i te koranu whakarewa kaha engari mama hei whakamahi i roto i ngā waka rererangi.
Ngā Whakamahinga me te Hiranga o ngā Colloids
He mea nui te mārama ki ngā kōrori i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha o te ao me te hangarau:
– Ahumahi Kai: He mea nui te mahi a ngā koroid ki te kakano, te pumau, me te reka o ngā hua kai. Hei tauira, ko ngā taunekeneke koroid i waenga i te ngako me te wai ka pā ki te pumau o te aihikirīmi.
– Rongoā: E whakamahia ana ngā colloid i roto i ngā momo mahi hauora, pērā i ngā werohanga uaua, hei pūtake rānei i roto i ngā kirīmi me ngā hinu rongoā.
– Hangarau Rauemi: Ka whakamahia ngā koroidi hei whakawhanake i ngā rauemi hou me ngā āhuatanga motuhake, pērā i ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i te nanotechnology.
Whakamutunga
He pūnaha marara nui ngā koroid, he maha ngā āhua, ā, he mahi nui tā rātou i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā mara, mai i te kai ki ngā rauemi hangarau matatau. Mā te mārama ki ngā momo koroid me ō rātou āhuatanga, ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i ō rātou āhuatanga ahurei mō ngā tono whai hua i roto i te ahumahi, te rongoā, me te oranga o ia rā. Mai i ngā aerosol ki ngā emulsions, kī tonu te ao o ngā koroid i ngā mea ka taea me ngā auahatanga mutunga kore.
