Te Whakamahinga o te Ariā Rārangi i roto i te Whakahaere Ratonga
I roto i ngā whakahaere ratonga maha—mai i ngā hōhipera me ngā peeke ki ngā pokapū waea me ngā wharekai kai tere ki ngā ratonga tūmatanui pēnei i ngā tari whakahaere—he mea noa te tūnga o ngā rarangi. Ina nui ake te tono a te kiritaki i te kaha ratonga e wātea ana, ka puta he rarangi kaihoko e tatari ana. Ehara i te mea he "kīkī noa iho" tēnei āhuatanga, engari he pānga tika anō hoki ki te pai o te kiritaki, te whai huatanga o te mahi, me ngā utu whakahaere. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi ai te ariā rarangi hei huarahi pūtaiao ki te tātari, te hoahoa, me te arotau i ngā pūnaha ratonga.
Ngā Ariā Taketake o te Ariā Tūtira
Ko te ariā rarangi he peka pūtaiao e ako ana i ngā whanonga rarangi i roto i ngā pūnaha ratonga. Ko tana arotahi matua ko te mārama ki ngā tauira taenga mai o ngā kiritaki, ngā tikanga ratonga, te kaha ratonga, me te pānga o ēnei āhuatanga ki ngā wā tatari me te roa o te rarangi. I roto i te mahi, ka āwhina te ariā rarangi i ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te whakautu i ngā pātai nui pēnei i: he aha te maha pai o ngā kaute, o ngā kaimahi rānei? kia pēhea te roa o te tatari a te kiritaki toharite? āhea ngā wā pīki? me pēhea te whakataurite i ngā utu whakahaere me te kounga ratonga.
Ko te pūnaha rarangi rarangi he maha ngā wāhanga: te pūtake taenga mai (taupori/pūtake), te tauira taenga mai (tukanga taenga mai), te tikanga ratonga (tukanga ratonga), te maha o ngā tūmau, te kaha o te pūnaha, me ngā ture whakahaere rarangi, ngā ture raupapa ratonga rānei, hei tauira, ko te tuatahi ka tae mai, ko te tuatahi ka whiwhi (FCFS).
Ngā Tauira Taenga Mai me te Tukanga Ratonga
Ko te whakamahinga o te ariā rarangi me mārama ki ngā reiti matua e rua: te reiti taenga mai (e tohuhia ana e λ/lambda) me te reiti ratonga (μ/mu). Ko te reiti taenga mai e whakaahua ana i te toharite o ngā kiritaki e tae mai ana mō ia waeine wā, ko te reiti ratonga ia e whakaahua ana i te toharite o ngā kiritaki ka taea te mahi ki ia waeine wā e te tūmau kotahi.
I roto i ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūturu, he matapōkere ngā taenga mai o ngā kiritaki, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakatauirahia mā te whakamahi i te tohatoha Poisson, ko ngā wā ratonga ia ka whakatauirahia mā te whakamahi i te tohatoha taupū. Ahakoa kāore ēnei whakaaro i te tino tika i ngā wā katoa, he mea whai hua hei tīmatanga mō te mahere i ngā hihiri o te rarangi.
Mena ka tata atu a λ, ka nui atu rānei i te kaha ratonga (hei tauira, te maha o ngā tūmau me te μ), ka roa ake ngā rarangi, ā, ka nui haere ngā wā tatari. I tetahi atu taha, ki te nui rawa te kaha ki te whakataurite ki te tono, ka tere te mahi ki ngā kiritaki engari ka piki ake pea ngā utu whakahaere nā te kore whakamahi o ngā rauemi. Ko te wero o te whakahaere ratonga ko te kimi i te taurite tino pai.
Ngā Tauira Tūtira me ō Rātou Hiranga
He maha ngā tauira o te ariā rarangi, hei tauira, M/M/1 (ngā taenga mai o Poisson, ratonga taupū, kotahi tūmau), M/M/c (ngā tūmau c), ngā tauira rānei he rerekē te kaha, te kaupapa matua, me te tohatoha wā ratonga. I roto i te whakahaere ratonga, ko te whiriwhiri tauira ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga whakahaere.
Hei tauira, ka taea te whakatauira i tētahi kaute utu i tētahi toa hokomaha hei M/M/1, hei M/M/2 rānei, i runga i te maha o ngā kaiutuutu. Ko ngā pokapū waea me ngā kaihoko maha ka whai i te tauira M/M/c. Ko ngā hōhipera ia, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahi i ngā tauira uaua ake nā te mea he mea nui (ko ngā tūroro ohorere te mea nui), te momo ratonga, me ngā wā ratonga rerekē.
Ehara i te mea ko te "tātai" anake ēnei tauira, engari ko te whakamātautau i ngā horopaki: he aha te mea ka puta mēnā ka tāpirihia tētahi atu kaimahi? he aha te pānga o te whakaroa i ngā hāora mahi? he pai ake te whakanui ake i te kaha, te whakarerekē rānei i te rere o te tukanga?
Te Whakamahinga i roto i te Whakahaere Ratonga: Rautaki me ngā Whakataunga
1. Whakatauhia te maha tino pai o ngā tūmau
Ko te whakatau tino noa i roto i te ariā rarangi ko te whakatau i te maha o ngā tūmau e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri i ngā wā tatari tika a ngā kiritaki me te kore e whakapiki i ngā utu mahi. Mā te whakatauira i a λ me μ, ka taea e te whakahaere te whakatau tata i ngā wā tatari toharite me te whakatau mēnā ka whai pānga nui te tāpiri atu i ētahi atu tūmau.
Hei tauira, mēnā he nui ngā kaihoko o tētahi peeke i te wā tina, mā te tāpiri i ngā kaitatau moni i taua wā ka tino whakaiti i te wā tatari. Heoi, kāore pea e whai hua te tāpiri i ngā kaitatau moni puta noa i te rā mēnā he iti te haere mai o ngā kaihoko i ētahi atu hāora.
2. Te Whakarite me te Whakarite i ngā Huringa Mahi
He tino āwhina te ariā rarangi i roto i te whakawhanake i ngā wātaka mahi e hangai ana ki te tono. He maha ngā whakahaere e whakamahi ana i ngā raraunga taenga mai o ngā kiritaki ki te matapae i ngā hāora pīki, kātahi ka whakarerekē i te tokomaha o ngā kaimahi. He mea noa tēnei huarahi i roto i ngā pokapū waea, ngā ratonga kawe waka, me te rāngai hokohoko.
Mā te whakarite tika, ka taea e ngā whakahaere te whakaiti i ngā wā tatari me te kore e tāpiri tonu i ngā kaimahi. E whakaatu ana tēnei kāore te otinga rarangi e pā ana ki te "tāpiri tāngata" i ngā wā katoa, engari ko te "whakahaere i te kaha e ai ki ngā tauira tono."
3. Hoahoa Pūnaha Rārangi: Kotahi te Rārangi, maha rānei ngā Rārangi
He pānga nui anō hoki tō te whiriwhiri i te hoahoa rarangi. E rua ngā hoahoa noa: he rarangi kotahi mō ngā tūmau maha, he rarangi maha rānei mō ngā tūmau maha. Ko ngā rarangi kotahi, pērā i ngā mea e kitea pinepine ana i ngā taunga rererangi, i ngā peeke hou rānei, e kiia ana he tika ake, ā, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te "uru ki te rarangi hē." Ko ngā rarangi maha, pērā i ngā mea i ngā utunga hūperamākete, i ētahi wā ka tere ake te ahua engari ka arahi pea ki te kore e pai mēnā ka puhoi te neke o tētahi rarangi.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te ariā rarangi hei aromatawai i ngā hua o ia hoahoa, tae atu ki ngā rerekētanga o ngā wā ratonga me ngā tirohanga a te kiritaki.
4. Te Whakatinanatanga o te Pūnaha Matua
I ētahi ratonga, kāore e ōrite te manaaki i ngā kiritaki katoa. Ka whakamahia e ngā hōhipera te whakarōpūtanga o ngā ratonga, ka whakawhiwhia ki ngā ara ratonga kiritaki kounga teitei te kaupapa matua, ā, ka whakawhiwhia ki ngā tuku ratonga te kaupapa matua mō ētahi mōkihi. Mā te ariā rarangi ka taea e ngā whakahaere te hanga pūnaha kaupapa matua e pupuri ana i te mahi whānui me te kore e tino patu i ngā kiritaki auau.
Heoi, me tūpato: ka taea e ngā pūnaha matua te whakanui ake i te makona o ētahi wāhanga, engari ki te kore e hangaia tika ka taea te whakaputa i ngā tirohanga kino.
5. Te Whakahaere i te "Whakahē" me te "Whakarerekē"
I roto i te ariā o te rarangi, ko ngā whanonga a te kiritaki ko te whakaroa (ka whakatau te kiritaki kia kaua e uru atu ki te rarangi nā te mea he roa rawa) me te whakakāhore (he kiritaki kua rarangi kē engari ka wehe atu i mua i te ratonga). Ko te hua o ēnei whanonga e rua ko te ngaronga o te moni whiwhi me te pakaru o te ingoa ratonga.
Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakaiti i taua whanonga mā te tere ake i te ratonga, te whakarato i ngā whakatau tata mō te wā tatari, te whakarato whakangahau, ngā ratonga rānei i te wāhi tatari, te tuku rānei i tētahi pūnaha whakarite wā. He maha ngā hōhipera me ngā whare hauora e whakamahi ana i ngā pūnaha rēhita ipurangi hei whakaiti i te mano me te koretake o ngā wā tatari.
Te Whakaurunga ki te Hangarau Hou
He kaha ake te whakamahinga o te ariā rarangi ina tautokona e te hangarau. Mā ngā pūnaha tikiti rarangi matihiko, ngā papaaho aroturuki wā-tūturu, ngā tātari raraunga, me te mātauranga horihori ka taea e ngā whakahaere te matapae i ngā pikinga o te tono me te whakarerekē tere i ngā rauemi. Hei tauira, ka taea e tētahi wharekai kai tere te aroturuki i ngā ota ipurangi e haere mai ana me te whakanui ake i ngā kaimahi kīhini ina piki ake te tono. Ka taea e tētahi pokapū waea te tuku i ngā kiritaki ki tētahi karetao kōrerorero hei whakamama i te taumahatanga o ngā kaihoko tangata i roto i ngā āhuatanga ngāwari.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka whakamahia pinepinetia ngā whakatauira rarangi rorohiko (ngā whakatauira huihuinga motuhake) ina uaua rawa ngā pūnaha ki te tatau mā te whakamahi i ngā tātai māmā. Mā ngā whakatauira ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakamātautau i ngā horopaki me te kore e whakararuraru i ngā mahi o te ao tūturu.
Ngā Wero i roto i te Whakatinanatanga
Ahakoa tōna whai huatanga, he wero te whakamahinga o te ariā rarangi. Tuatahi, me kohikohi raraunga tika mō ngā taenga mai me ngā wā ratonga. Tuarua, he maha ngā wā kāore e tino whai i ngā whakaaro o te tauira ngā whanonga tangata; hei tauira, ka tae mai ngā kiritaki i roto i ngā rōpū, kāore ngā wā ratonga i te taupū, he rerekē rānei ngā tere o ngā kaimahi. Tuatoru, kāore ngā tirohanga a ngā kiritaki mō te "roa tatari" e rite tonu ki ngā wā tatari tuturu. E rua meneti te roa o te kore mōhiohio i te rima meneti me te tino mōhio.
Nō reira, me whakakotahi te ariā rarangi me ngā huarahi whakahaere wheako kiritaki, te hoahoa ratonga, me te aromatawai parae.
Whakamutunga
He taputapu tino whai tikanga te ariā rarangi i roto i te whakahaere ratonga nā te mea ka āwhina i ngā whakahaere ki te mārama me te whakahaere i ngā hihiri tono me te kaha ratonga. Mā te whakatauira i te taenga mai me ngā reiti ratonga, te whakatau i te maha o ngā tūmau tino pai, te whakawhanake i ngā kaupapa mahi, te hoahoa i ngā hanganga rarangi, me te whakatinana i ngā hangarau aroturuki me te whakatauira, ka taea e ngā whakahaere te whakaiti i ngā wā tatari, te whakapai ake i te pai o te kiritaki, me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere. I tēnei wā e kaha haere ana te whakataetae me te teitei ake o ngā tumanakohanga a te kiritaki, ehara i te mea he kōwhiringa hangarau noa te whakatinana i te ariā rarangi, engari he rautaki nui mō te hanga ratonga whai hua, arotau, me te pumau.
