Ngā Tohu Angitu Whakawhanake
He tukanga maha-ahu te whanaketanga e uru ana ki ngā whakapainga i roto i ngā āhuatanga ōhanga, pāpori, me te taiao o te hapori. Ehara i te mea ko te tipu ōhanga anake te mea e inehia ai te angitu o te whanaketanga engari ko ngā whakapainga hoki o te oranga hapori me te tiaki taiao. Nō reira, me whai tohu whānui, whai tikanga hoki te aromatawai i te angitu o te whanaketanga. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tohu maha ka taea te whakamahi hei aromatawai i te angitu o te whanaketanga o tētahi whenua, o tētahi rohe rānei.
1. Ngā Tohu Ōhanga
Ko ngā tohu ōhanga te paearu matua mō te aromatawai i te whanaketanga. Ko ētahi o ngā tohu ōhanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:
a. Te Hua ā-Rohe Katoa (GDP)
Ko te GDP e whakaata ana i te uara katoa o ngā taonga me ngā ratonga i hangaia e tētahi whenua i roto i tētahi wā kua whakaritea. Ko te pikinga o te GDP e kiia ana he tohu mō te tipu ōhanga pai. Heoi, he mea nui kia mahara kāore te GDP e whakaata tonu i te tohatoha tika o te taonga me te oranga o te hapori.
b. Whiwhinga Moni ā-Tangata
E ine ana i te whiwhinga moni toharite o ia tangata i roto i tētahi whenua. Mā tēnei ka kitea he tirohanga whānui mō te oranga ōhanga o ngā tāngata i roto i taua whenua. Ahakoa he mea nui, me tāpiri atu ētahi atu tohu ki te whiwhinga moni mō ia tangata nā te mea kāore e whakaata katoa ana i te rerekētanga whiwhinga moni i waenga i te hunga whai rawa me te hunga rawakore.
c. Te Reiti Kore Mahi
He raruraru ōhanga te kore mahi ka ārai i te whanaketanga. Ko te iti o te reiti kore mahi e tohu ana he nui ake te hunga e whai wāhi ana ki te ōhanga, ā, he rauemi ā rātou hei whakapai ake i tō rātou paerewa oranga.
2. Ngā Tohu Hapori
Me aromatawai hoki te angitu o te whanaketanga i runga i te ahunga whakamua pāpori o te hapori. Ko ētahi o ngā tohu pāpori nui ko:
a. Te Tāurangi Whanaketanga Tangata (HDI)
Kua hangaia te HDI hei aromatawai i te oranga o te tangata puta noa i ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki te roanga o te oranga, te mātauranga, me te moni whiwhi. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i te whakarato i tētahi tirohanga whānui ake mō te oranga o te tangata i roto i tētahi whenua, kaua ki te whakawhirinaki anake ki te GDP.
b. Taumata Mātauranga
He mea nui te mātauranga mō te whanaketanga o te tangata. Ko te maha o ngā ākonga matatau ki te pānui me te tuhituhi, te urunga atu ki te mātauranga tuatahi, tuarua, me te mātauranga teitei, me te kounga o te mātauranga, ka whai wāhi katoa ēnei ki ngā āheinga o te tangata takitahi me te hapori whānui.
c. Hauora
He mea nui te aromatawai i te hauora tūmatanui, tae atu ki te roanga o te oranga, te urunga atu ki ngā ratonga hauora, me te kounga o aua ratonga. Me whakapai ake ngā paerewa hauora tūmatanui i te whanaketanga angitu.
3. Ngā Tohu Taiao
Kaua te whanaketanga tauwhiro e warewarehia ngā pānga ki te taiao. Ko ētahi o ngā tohu taiao ko:
a. Tapuwae Taiao
E ine ana i te nui o te hiahia o te tangata ki ngā pūnaha rauropi o te Ao, ki te whakataurite ki te kaha o te Ao ki te whakaora. Ko te tapuwae rauropi nui e tohu ana kei te tere ake te whakamahi rauemi a tetahi whenua, rohe rānei i tā rātou e taea ai te whakaora.
b. Te Whakamahinga o ngā Rauemi Taiao
Ka ine tēnei tohu i te whai huatanga me te pumau o te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi taiao. Me whai whakaaro te whanaketanga ki te wātea o ngā rauemi mō ngā reanga kei te heke mai.
c. Ngā Tukunga Waro
Ko ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi, inā koa ko te hauhā waro, he tohu matua mō te aromatawai i te angitu o te whakahaere taiao. Ko te whakaiti i ēnei tukunga he whāinga matua mō te whawhai ki te huringa āhuarangi.
4. Ngā Tohu Whakahaere
He tohu nui anō hoki te kounga o ngā umanga me ngā pūnaha kāwanatanga hei aromatawai i te angitu o te whanaketanga:
a. Te Whakahaere
Kei roto i ēnei tohu te māramatanga, te kawenga, te whai wāhi a te marea, me te whai huatanga o ngā mahi tari. Ko te whakahaere pai te mea nui ki te waihanga i ngā kaupapa here whanaketanga whai hua, pumau hoki.
b. Te Tika Ture
He wāhanga nui o te whanaketanga te noho mai o tētahi pūnaha whakawā tika, kore whakahāwea. Kei roto i tēnei ko te tiaki i ngā tika tangata me te whakatinanatanga o te ture.
c. Te Pūmautanga Tōrangapū
He maha ngā wā e hono ana te angitu o te whanaketanga ki te taumata o te pumau tōrangapū o tētahi whenua. Ka taea e te pakanga me te kore pumau tōrangapū te whakararu i ngā tukanga whanaketanga me te pā kino ki te hapori.
5. Tohu Harikoa
Ahakoa e warewarehia ana, he tohu nui anō hoki te harikoa me te makona o te tangata ki te ao mō te angitu o te whanaketanga. Hei tauira, ko te World Happiness Index, e ine ana i te oranga whaiaro o te tangata i runga i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te tautoko pāpori, te pirau, me te herekoretanga.
Whakamutunga
He ariā uaua, he maha ngā taha o te angitu whanaketanga. Kāore he tohu kotahi e taea te whakarato i te pikitia katoa o te angitu whanaketanga. Nō reira, me whai huarahi whānui e whakakotahi ana i ngā tohu ōhanga, pāpori, taiao, umanga, me te harikoa. Mā tēnei huarahi whānui anake ka taea ai e tātou te aromatawai tika ake i te whanaketanga me te whakatakoto kaupapa here e tautoko ana i te whanaketanga tauwhiro me te whakauru i te heke mai. I runga i ngā wero o te ao o nāianei, pērā i te huringa āhuarangi, te kore taurite ōhanga, me te raruraru hauora o te ao, ko te whakamahinga o ngā tohu whānui me te hihiri kei te piki haere te hiranga hei ārahi i ngā kaupapa here me te ine i te ahunga whakamua o te whanaketanga.
