Te Ārai Mate o te Tinana me ōna Mate
Pendahuluan
Ko te pūnaha ārai mate o te tangata he pūnaha ārai mate tūturu i hangaia hei tiaki i te tinana mai i ngā tūmomo tūmomo riri o waho, pērā i te huakita, te huaketo, te harore, me ngā pirinoa. Kei roto i tēnei pūnaha he whatunga matatini o ngā pūtau, ngā pūmua, ngā whekau, me ngā kiko e mahi tahi ana ki te whawhai i ngā mate pukupuku e uru ana ki te tinana. Heoi, pērā i ētahi atu pūnaha o te tinana, kāore te pūnaha ārai mate e mahi tika i ngā wā katoa. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te pūnaha ārai mate, me pēhea tana mahi, me ētahi mate ārai mate ka puta.
Te Pūnaha Ārai Mate: Te Mahi a te Pūnaha
E rua ngā wāhanga matua o te pūnaha ārai mate: te ārai mate ā-roto me te ārai mate urutau. Ko te ārai mate ā-roto te rārangi tuatahi o te parenga, ā, kāore e motuhake. Kei roto i tēnei wāhanga te kiri, ngā kiriuhi mucous, me ētahi pūtau toto mā pērā i ngā macrophages me ngā neutrophils, e kawenga ana mō te horomi me te whakangaro i ngā pathogens.
Ko te ārai mate urutau, i tētahi atu taha, he rārangi parepare tuarua e tino motuhake ana ki ngā mate pāwera motuhake. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā pūtau toto toto B me T, e kaha ana ki te maumahara me te whakarato i te parenga kaha ake me te tere ake ina tūtaki anō ki te mate pāwera kotahi. Ko ngā paturopi i hangaia e ngā pūtau B he wāhanga matua o tēnei ārai mate urutau.
Ngā Momo Mate Pūnaha Ārai Mate
Ka puta ngā mate ārai mate ina he te mahi a te pūnaha ārai mate. Ka taea te wehewehe i ēnei mate ki ngā wāhanga matua e toru: te ngoikore o te pūnaha ārai mate, te ārai mate aunoa, me ngā mate pāwera.
1. Te ngoikore o te ārai mate
Ka puta te ngoikore o te pūnaha ārai mate ina ngaro tetahi wāhanga o te pūnaha ārai mate, ina kore rānei e mahi tika. Ka taea tēnei āhuatanga te noho tuatahi (whanau mai) te noho tuarua rānei (kua riro mai).
– Te Mate Pūnaha Ārai Mate Tuatahi: He mate ira e kitea ana mai i te whānautanga. Hei tauira, ko te Mate Pūnaha Ārai Mate Whakakotahi Nui (SCID), arā, kāore he pūtau ārai mate, he iti noa iho rānei, he ngoikore rānei te mahi a ngā pūtau ārai mate o ngā tūroro, ā, he tino ngāwari ki te pangia e te mate.
– Te ngoikore o te ārai mate tuarua: Nā ngā āhuatanga o waho pēnei i te mate, te rongoā, ngā āhuatanga hauora rānei. Ko te tauira tino rongonui ko te Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), e puta mai ana i te Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). I tēnei wā, ka whakaekea e te huaketo ngā pūtau-T, he mea nui mō te ārai mate urutau.
2. Ārai Mate-ā-tinana
Ko te ārai mate ā-tinana he āhuatanga e whakaeke ai te pūnaha ārai mate o te tinana i ōna ake pūtau me ngā kiko hauora me te mea he tūmomo mōrearea. Kāore anō kia tino mārama te pūtake o te ārai mate ā-tinana, engari he pānga nui tō ngā āhuatanga ira, taiao, me ngā homoni.
– Te Mate Rūmātiki (RA): He mate pūnaha ārai mate e whakaekea ai ngā hononga e te pūnaha ārai mate, ka puta te mumura, te mamae, me te kino tuturu mēnā kāore e rongoatia.
– Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Ka pā ki ngā pūnaha okana maha o te tinana, ka puta ngā tohu pēnei i te ngenge nui, te mamae o ngā hononga, me ngā ponana kiri.
– Mate Huka Momo 1: He āhuatanga e whakaekea ai e te pūnaha ārai mate ngā pūtau beta o te repeure e whakaputa ana i te insulin, ka hua ake te korenga o te insulin me te pikinga o te huka toto.
3. Ngā Mate Pāwera (Mate Pāwera)
Ko te tairongo nui he urupare ārai mate e nui rawa ana, e rerekē rānei ki tētahi matū kāore e tino kino. Ko ngā mate pāwera he tauira noa o te tairongo nui.
– Mate Pāwera Kai: Mā te whakaoho i te urupare ārai mate ki ētahi kai pēnei i te nati, te kaimoana, ngā hua miraka rānei, ka puta ngā tohu mai i te whewhe ngawari ki te anaphylaxis kino.
– Te mate huango mate pāwera: He āhuatanga e mumura ai ngā ara manawa i ngā mate pāwera, ka whaiti ai, ka puta ai ngā tohu pēnei i te uaua ki te manawa me te maremare.
Te Tātaritanga me te Maimoatanga
Hei whakatika i ngā mate pūnaha ārai mate, he mea nui te tautuhi tika i te mate. Ko te tikanga, me whai hītori hōhonu, he whakamātautau tinana, me te raupapa o ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga, pērā i ngā whakamātautau toto, hei aromatawai i te mahi a te pūnaha ārai mate.
Ko te maimoatanga me te rongoā ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo me te kaha o te mate ārai mate.
– Te ngoikore o te ārai mate: Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he immunoglobulin ā-uaua mō te hunga e pāngia ana hei whakakapi i ngā paturopi ngaro, he rongoā ira, he whakawhitinga pūtau take rānei hei whakatika i ngā hapa ira tuku iho.
– Ārai Mate Pūnaha: Ko te rongoā he whakamahi i ngā rongoā ārai mate hei whakaiti i te urupare ārai mate me te ārai i ngā kino atu o te kiko. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā corticosteroids me ngā rongoā anti-inflammatory kore-steroidal hei whakaiti i te mumura me te mamae.
– Mate pāwera: Kei roto i te maimoatanga te karo i ngā mate pāwera, ngā rongoā antihistamine, ngā rongoā bronchodilator mō te mate huango, me te epinephrine mō ngā uruparenga anaphylactic kino.
Te ārai
Ahakoa he mea tuku iho ētahi mate ārai mate, ā, kāore e taea te ārai, he mahi kei reira hei pupuri i te hauora o tō pūnaha ārai mate me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te pāngia e te mate.
– Te Āhua Hauora: He mea nui te kai taurite, te whakakori tinana auau, te moe rawaka, me te whakahaere i te ahotea hei pupuri i te pūnaha ārai mate hauora.
– Ngā Werohanga: Mā te whiwhi i ngā werohanga kua tūtohutia ka taea te tiaki i te tinana mai i ngā mate pipiri maha ka pā mai he raruraru nui.
– Te Akuaku Whaiaro: Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga akuaku pēnei i te horoi i ō ringaringa i ngā wā katoa ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te pāngia e ngā mate urutā.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a te pūnaha ārai mate ki te pupuri i te hauora me te ārai i ngā mate. Heoi, ko ngā hapa o te pūnaha ārai mate ka arahi pea ki ngā raruraru hauora maha, mai i ngā mate urutā ki ngā mate pūnaha ārai mate me ngā mate pāwera. Mā te mārama ki ngā momo mate ārai mate rerekē me te whakahaere i aua mate ka āwhina i a tātou kia mataara ake, kia kaha ake hoki ki te pupuri i tō tātou ake hauora. Mā te tātaritanga tika me te maimoatanga tika, ka taea te whakahaere i ngā mate ārai mate maha, ka taea ai e te hunga e pāngia ana te noho ora hua ake, hauora ake hoki.
