Ngā Tikanga Tapahi Peka Mango
He mahi whakatipu nui te tapahi e whakatau ana i te hua me te roa o te oranga o ngā rākau māngo. He maha ngā kaimahi pāmu e whakato māngo ana me te tumanako ka nui te kotinga, engari he maha ngā wā kāore i te ōrite ngā hua nā te mea kua nui rawa ngā rau, kua koretake te tipu o ngā manga, me te pikinga o ngā whakaekenga a ngā pepeke me ngā mate. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi ai te tapahi manga: ka hangaia he hanganga rākau pakari, ka whakapai ake i te rere o te hau, ka whakanui ake i te urunga o te mārama, ā, ka whakaoho i te tipu o ngā wana hua. Mā ngā tikanga tapahi tika, ka māmā ake te tiaki i ngā rākau māngo, ka whai hua ake te whakamomona, ā, ka rite tonu te kounga o te hua.
Te Kaupapa o te Tapahi i ngā Rākau Mango
Ehara i te mea ko te "tapahi manga" anake te mahi tapahi māngo. He maha ngā whāinga matua o tēnei mahi. Tuatahi, ka hangaia he anga tuanui pakari kia taea ai e te rākau te tautoko i te taumaha o ngā hua i te wā tino hua. Tuarua, ka whakataurite i te tipu tipu (rau me ngā manga) me te tipu whakaputa uri (puawai me ngā hua). Mā te tuanui matotoru rawa ka akiaki i te rākau kia "rau" tonu engari kaua e puāwai. Tuatoru, ka whakaitihia te makuku i roto i te tuanui, ā, ka pai ake te whakahaere i ngā mate pēnei i te anthracnose me te paura harore. Tuawhā, ka āwhina i ngā mahi tiaki pēnei i te rehu, te takai hua, me te hauhake. Tuarima, ka āwhina i te whakaora: ka taea te whakakapi i ngā manga tawhito, kāore e hua ki ngā wana hou.
Te Wā Pai rawa atu hei Tapahi
Ko te wā tapahi pai rawa atu ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga o te rangi me te wā tipu. I te nuinga o te wā, me mahi te tapahi nui (te hanga āhua, te whakaora rānei) i muri i te kotinga, i te wā e ora ana te rākau, me mua hoki i te wā pua e whai ake nei. Mā te tapahi i muri i te kotinga ka taea e te rākau te hanga wana hou ka noho hei manga hua pea.
Ka taea te tapahi māmā, pērā i te tango i ngā pihi wai, i ngā manga mate, i ngā manga rānei e ārai ana, i ngā wā katoa, mena kāore i te tino kaha rawa. Heoi, karohia te tapahi taumaha i te wā e puāwai ana, e hua ana rānei te rākau, nā te mea ka taea e tēnei te hinga o te pua/hua me te whakararuraru i te tipu o te hua. Ka taea tonu te tapahi i te wā ua, engari me tino tupato ki te horoi i ngā patunga kua tapahia nā te mea he nui ake te tūponotanga o te mate harore.
Ngā Utauta me te Whakaritenga e Hiahiatia ana
Ko ngā taputapu e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā kutikuti tapahi, ngā kani tapahi, ngā maripi whakapiri (mō te tapahi), me ngā arawhata, ngā pou tapahi rānei mō ngā manga roa. He mea nui te koi mō ngā tapahi ma me te whakaora tere. Ka taea e ngā taputapu mangu te haehae i te kiko, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te urunga mai o ngā mate.
I mua i te whakamahinga, me horoi ngā taputapu ki te waipiro, ki te wai patu huakita rānei hei ārai i te horapa o te mate mai i tētahi rākau ki tētahi atu. Me whakarite hoki he mea tiaki patunga pērā i te patu harore, he peita tiaki tipu rānei, inā koa mō ngā manga nui e tapahia ana.
Ngā Tikanga Tapahi Taketake: Ngā Mātāpono hei Mārama
He maha ngā mātāpono taketake hei ārahi i te rākau. Tuatahi, me whakarite kia nui te māramatanga me te rere o te hau. Ko te tuanui pai he mea "korekore", kaua e tino matotoru, kia uru ai te rā ki roto i te rākau. Tuarua, kia mau tonu ngā manga angaanga kaha (ngā manga tuatahi) me ngā koki tipu whānui (tata ki te 45–60 nekehanga) nā te mea he ātete ake ki te whati. Ko ngā manga e tipu tika rawa ana ka ngoikore ki te tautoko i te taumaha o te hua.
Tuatoru, me āta whiriwhiri te tapahi. He pai ake te tapahi i ētahi manga tino raruraru i te tapahi noa i te maha. Tuawhā, kaua e waiho ngā tumu roa. Tapahia ngā manga ki te pūtake (i waho o te "kara manga") kia pai ai te whakaora. Heoi, kaua e tapahi rawa ki roto i te kakau matua, nā te mea ka nui ake te patunga.
Tapahi Hanga Karauna (Ngā Rākau Taiohi)
I te wā taitamariki, ko te whāinga matua he whakatū i tētahi hanganga rākau taurite, ngāwari hoki te whakahaere. Kia tupu te tipu, kia eke ki tētahi teitei, ka taea te tapatapahi i te tihi hei akiaki i te tipu o ngā peka taha. Tīpakohia kia 3–4 ngā peka matua e tū rite ana te tawhiti huri noa i te pūtake, kaua e taupokina tetahi taha. Ko ēnei peka matua te anga matua o te rākau.
Muri iho, whakaritea ngā peka tuarua ki ia peka tuatahi. Ko te tikanga, kaua ngā peka tuarua e whiti tetahi ki tetahi, kaua hoki e tupu ki roto ki te karauna. Ko ngā peka e tupu ana ki roto me tapatapahi kia nui rawa te tupu i waenganui o te karauna, ka makuku, ka pōuri hoki te roto.
He maha ngā wā ka tapahia te āhua o te karauna kia mau tonu. Ko ngā āhua noa o te rākau mango ko te pokapū tuwhera, ko te karauna āhua peihana rānei, e āhei ai te hihi o te rā ki te uru ki waenganui.
Te Tapahi Tiaki (Ngā Rākau Whakaputa)
Kia tae te rākau ki te wā hua, ka neke te arotahi o te tapahi ki te pupuri i te hua. Ko ngā mahi noa ko:
1. Tangohia ngā manga mate me ngā manga mate: Me tapatapahi ngā manga maroke, whati, pangia rānei kia hoki ki te kiko hauora. Me tango tonu ngā manga mate hei whakaiti i te pūtake o te mate.
2. Whakaitihia ngā manga whakawhiti: Ka taea e te mirimiri i ngā manga te whara, ā, ka noho hei wāhi urunga mō te mate. Kōwhiria ngā mea e pai ana te tūnga hei tiaki.
3. Te whakaangawari i te karauna: Tangohia ngā manga iti kua matotoru rawa, inā koa i te taha o roto o te karauna. Mā tēnei whakaangawari ka nui ake te māramatanga, ka whakaitihia hoki te makuku.
4. Te tapahi i ngā pihi wai: Ko ngā pihi wai ka tupu tika, ka tere te tipu, ā, he nui ngā matūkai ka kainga e rātou, engari he iti ake te hua. Tapatapahia ēnei pihi i te wā e taea ai.
5. Te whakataurite i te roa o te peka: Ka taea te whakapoto i ngā peka roa rawa, e iri ana ki raro hei whakaoho i te hanganga o ngā wana hou, whai hua ake tata ki te pūtake.
Me māmā ki te taurite te tapahi tiaki. Ki te taumaha rawa, ka "ohorere" te rākau, ka nui rawa ngā wana wai ka puta, ka nui ake te mahi.
Tapahi Whakaora (Ngā Rākau Tawhito, Kāore rānei e Hua)
Mō ngā rākau tawhito, mō te hunga rānei e tino heke ana te hua, he otinga pea te tapahi whakaora. Ko tēnei tikanga he tango i ētahi manga nui hei whakaoho i te tipu hou. Heoi, me ata haere te whakaora: kaua e tapatapahia ngā manga nui katoa i te wā kotahi, nā te mea ka pāngia te rākau e te ahotea nui, ā, ka mate pea.
I te nuinga o te wā, ka whiriwhiria e ngā kaimahi pāmu tētahi, e rua rānei ngā manga nunui hei tapatapahi i ia wā, kātahi ka tatari kia puta mai ngā wana hou. Mai i ēnei wana, ka tīpakohia ētahi o ngā mea kua tū pai hei manga whakakapi. Me tiaki ngā tapahi whānui hei ārai i te pangia e te harore, e ngā pepeke whēkau rānei.
Me pēhea te hanga i tētahi patunga tika
Mā te tapahi ma ka tere ake te whakaora. Mō ngā manga iti, whakamahia he kutikuti ka tapahia kia paku koki kia kore ai e pupū te wai ki runga i te mata o te tapahi. Mō ngā manga nunui, whakamahia he tikanga tapahi e toru ngā taahiraa hei karo i te haehae i te kiri rakau: (1) tapahia mai i raro kia paku tawhiti atu i te pūtake, (2) tapahia mai i runga kia taka ra ano te manga, (3) tapahia te tapahi whakamutunga tata ki te pūtake o te manga me te kore e pakaru te kara o te manga. Muri iho, pania he rongoā tiaki patunga mēnā e tika ana.
Ngā Hapa Noa hei Ārai
He maha ngā hapa tapahi ka uaua ai te hua o ngā rākau, ka pāngia rānei e te mate. Tuatahi, ko te tapahi nui rawa, ka waiho te karauna kia tahanga rawa. Ka whakautu te rākau mā te whakaputa i ngā wana wai nui, ka whakaroa i te pua. Tuarua, mā te tapahi i ngā manga ka waiho ngā tumu roa; he maha ngā wā ka pirau ēnei tumu, ka noho te mate. Tuatoru, mā te tapahi me ngā taputapu paru ka taea te whakawhiti i ngā mate urutā ki waenga i ngā tipu. Tuawhā, mā te tapahi taumaha i te wā e puāwai ana, e hua ana rānei te rākau ka taea te whakaiti tika i ngā hua.
Te Katinga
He pūkenga whakatipu nui te tapahi i ngā rākau māngo, mō ngā rākau taitamariki me ngā rākau whakaputa. Mā te mārama ki te kaupapa me ngā mātāpono o te tapahi—te hanga i te karauna, te pupuri i te hauora, te whakanui ake i te māramatanga, me te whakaohooho i ngā manga hua—ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te pupuri i ngā rākau hauora me te whakaputa hua ake, pai ake hoki. Ko te kī ki te tapahi angitu kei roto i te wā tika, te tapahi pai, te horoi taputapu, me te tiaki tonu i muri i te tapahi. Mēnā ka tika te mahi, ehara i te mea ka whakanui ake i ngā hua anake te tapahi engari ka whakangāwari ake hoki i te whakahaere māra māngo mō te wā roa.
