Tunu mō te Hanga Patupatu Taiao mai i te Tupeka
He maha ngā wā e whakaarohia ana he whai hua te whakamahinga o ngā patu pepeke matū nā te tere o ngā hua. Heoi, mō te tini o ngā māra kāinga me ngā kaimahi pāmu iti, he nui ngā āwangawanga: ngā toenga matū ki ngā tipu, te whakararuraru i ngā rauropi whai hua, me te pikinga o ngā utu. Nō reira, kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā patu pepeke tūturu hei huarahi kē atu. Ko tētahi o aua kai, kua roa e whakamahia ana i ngā wā o mua, ko te tupeka.
Kei roto i te tupeka te nikotīni, he matū alkaloid e paitini ana ki ngā pepeke ngote me ētahi pepeke ngaungau. Ahakoa e kiia ana he "taiao", me tūpato te whakahaere i ngā patupatu tupeka, nā te mea he kino hoki te nikotīni ki te tangata me ngā kararehe mēnā ka nui rawa te pānga. Ko te kī ki te angitu me te haumaru kei roto i te horopeta tika, te tikanga tono, me te kōwhiringa tipu.
E matapakihia ana i roto i tēnei tuhinga tētahi tunu mō tētahi patu pepeke tūturu i hangaia mai i te tupeka, me pēhea te hanga, me pēhea te whakamahi tika, me ngā tohutohu hei whakapai ake i tōna whai huatanga i roto i te māra.
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He aha te take e taea ai e te tupeka te huri hei patu pepeke?
Ka pā te nikotīni ki te pūnaha io o te pepeke. I ētahi kukū, ka taea e te nikotīni te whakararu i te mahi tahi a ngā pepeke, te whakamutu i te kai, kātahi ka mate. Nā te kaha o ōna pānga, ka whakamahia ngā wai tupeka hei whakahaere i ngā pepeke pēnei i:
– Ngā Aphid
– Ngārara mā
– Ngā tīripi
– Ētahi mite
– Ngā anuhe iti i ngā wāhanga tōmua (he rerekē te whai huatanga)
– Ētahi atu pepeke ngote e huna ana i raro i ngā rau
Heoi, he mea nui kia maumahara: ka pā pea te wai tupeka ki ngā pepeke whai hua (hei tauira, ngā pī) mēnā ka rehuhia noatia, inā koa i te wā e puāwai ana ngā tipu.
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Ngā Rauemi me ngā Utauta e Hiahiatia ana
Ko ngā kai matua e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei hanga patu pepeke taiao mai i te tupeka:
Te kai matua
1. Tupeka maroke ± 50–100 karamu
Ka taea te tapatapahi tupeka. Mena he uaua tēnei, ka whakamahia e ētahi tāngata he whakakī hikareti, engari kāore i te tūtohutia tēnei nā te mea kei roto i ngā hikareti ētahi atu tāpiringa (ngā kakara, ngā mea whakamakuku, me ngā tāpiringa).
2. 1 rita wai mā
3. Hopi wai ngawari / hopi rihi 1–2 tīpune
He piripiri tana mahi, ā, ka āwhina i te wairewa kia piri ki te mata o ngā rau, kia kino ai te paparanga tiaki o ngā pepeke.
Kōwhiringa (hei whakarei ake i te pānga)
– 3–5 ngā koroka kāriki (kua kuruhia)
– 5–10 ngā tiri karu manu (kua kuruhia)
He pānga peipei te kāriki me te tiri, ā, ka whānui ake te whānuitanga o ngā mahi pehi pepeke.
Tool
– Ipu/hāte me te taupoki
– Tātari kakahu, tātari angiangi rānei
– Pounamu rehu (pūwero)
– Ngā karapu me te kopare (e taunakitia ana)
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Tohutohu mō te Patu Patu Tupeka (Tikanga Whakamākūkū)
Ko te tikanga ruku te huarahi tino noa me te ngāwari ki te mahi i tēnei mea ki te kāinga.
Ngā taahiraa mō te hanga
1. Whakaritea te tupeka
Tāpirihia he 50–100 karamu o te tupeka maroke ki roto i tētahi ipu/ipu.
2. Tāpirihia te wai
Ringihia kia kotahi rita o te wai mā. Whakaohokia kia mākū rawa te tupeka.
3. Rukuhia
Taupokina te ipu, ka waiho kia rumakina mō ngā haora 12–24. Ka roa te rumakina, ka matotoru ake te wai.
4. Tātari
Kia oti te rumaki, tātarihia te wairewa mā te whakamahi i te kakahu/tātari angiangi kia kore ai e purua te pūwero.
5. Tāpirihia he hopi
Tāpirihia kia 1–2 tīpune o te hopi wai, ka whakaoho mārie kia uru.
6. Whakanohoia ki roto i te pounamu rehu
Penapenahia ki roto i tētahi pounamu kua kati. Ko te mea pai ko te whakamahi i taua rā anō, i te rā e whai ake nei rānei, kia tino whai hua ai.
Ngā tuhipoka inenga
– Mō ngā tipu tairongo, ka taea te whakaranu i te otinga i te tuatahi: hei tauira 1 wāhanga o te otinga tupeka: 1 wāhanga wai.
– Ki te mea ko tō wā tuatahi tēnei, whakamātauria te rehu ki ētahi rau i te tuatahi.
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Tohutohu mō te Patu Patu Tupeka Kohuatia (Tere ake, Kaha ake)
Ki te hiahia koe kia tere ake te rite o te otinga, ka taea te whakamahi i te tikanga kohua. Heoi, he maha ngā wā ka kukū ake ngā otinga kohua, nō reira me whakamātautau me te whakaranu.
Me pēhea te hanga
1. Kohuatia kia 1 rita wai kia mahana (kāore e hiahiatia kia roa te kohua).
2. Tāpirihia he 50 karamu o te tupeka, whakaitihia te wera, kohuatia mō te 5–10 meneti.
3. Whakawetohia te ahi, waiho kia whakamatao.
4. Tātari.
5. Tāpirihia kia 1–2 tīpune o te hopi wai.
6. Whakawaiwaitia mēnā e tika ana (hei tauira, 1:1) i mua i te tāpiri atu ki te pūwero.
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Te Huarahi Tika hei Whakamahi mō ngā Tipu
Kia whai hua ai te mahi a ngā patu pepeke tupeka, kia noho haumaru hoki mō ngā tipu, me whai i ēnei aratohu:
1. Rehuhia i te ahiahi
He mea tino pai te ahiahi, te ata rānei, kia kore ai e mimiti wawe, kia kore ai hoki e wera ngā rau i te rā.
2. Arotahi ki te taha raro o te rau
He maha ngā pepeke pēnei i te aphids me te whiteflies e huna ana i raro i ngā rau. Rehuhia kia mākū rawa te mata o te rau, engari kaua e maturuturu nui.
3. Āta karohia i te wā e puāwai ana te tipu
Hei tiaki i ngā kaiwhakapoipoi pērā i ngā pī, kaua e rehuhia i te wā e puāwai ana ngā putiputi, ā, e torohia ana hoki e ngā pepeke.
4. Whakahokia mēnā e tika ana
Ka taea te whakahou i ngā paninga i ia 3–5 rā tae noa ki te hekenga o te taupori pepeke. Kia kore e horapa, rehuhia anō mēnā ka puta anō ngā tohu o te whakaekenga.
5. Horoi mō ngā tipu kai (kāore e hiahiatia engari e taunakitia ana)
Ki te whakamahia ki ngā huawhenua, ki ngā tipu rānei ka tata te hauhake, he pai ake te horoi i te hua ki te wai rere. Ko te mea pai, kati te rehu i ētahi rā i mua i te hauhake.
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Ngā tipu hei karo
Nā te mea kei roto te tupeka i te whānau kotahi me ētahi atu tipu, kei reira ngā āwangawanga mō te mate me te pāwera. He pai ake te tūpato ki ngā tipu o te whānau Solanaceae, pēnei i:
- Tōmato
- Tīri
- Aubergine
- Rīwai
Hei tāpiritanga, ka pāngia ētahi tipu rau-angiangi e ngā wairewa kukū. Nō reira, he mea haumaru te whakamātautau i tētahi wāhi iti o te tipu i te tuatahi.
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Ngā tohutohu hei whai hua ake
– Tāpirihia ki te tapahi māmā: tangohia ngā rau kua tino pāngia kia tere ai te whakaiti i te taupori o ngā pepeke.
– Whakamahia he mahanga kōwhai mō ngā ngārara mā me ngā pepeke pepeke, kia pai ake ai te whakahaere.
– Kaua e whakamahia pinepine rawa mēnā kua mate kē ngā pepeke: mā te whakamahi nui rawa ka raru pea ngā hoariri tūturu o ngā pepeke pēnei i ngā pepeke kaipahua.
– Whakamahia he pūrehu pai rawa atu: he ōrite ake, he whai hua ake hoki te pūrehu pai.
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Haumaru me ngā Whakatūpato Hira
Ahakoa i ahu mai i ngā kai māori, kāore i te tino haumaru ngā patupatu tupeka. Ka taea e te nikotīni te mimiti mā te kiri, ā, he kino ki te horomia.
– Whakamahia he karapu me he kopare i te wā e hanga ana, e rehu ana hoki.
– Kaua e rehu ki te hau.
– Rokirokihia te otinga kia matara atu i ngā tamariki me ngā mōkai.
Kaua e whakamahia ngā ipu kai/inu kua whakamahia.
– Me maka atu te toenga o te wairewa ki te huarahi tika, kaua ki roto i ngā roto ika, i ngā puna wai rānei.
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Te Katinga
He huarahi ngāwari, iti hoki te utu mō te whakahaere i ngā pepeke tūturu i hangaia mai i te tupeka, ina koa mō ngā māra kāinga. Mā ngā kai ngāwari—te tupeka, te wai, me te hopi wai iti—ka taea e koe te hanga i tētahi otinga rehu whai hua hei ārai i ngā pepeke ngote pēnei i te aphids me te whiteflies. Ko te mea nui ko te whai i ngā tohutohu inenga, te whakamātautau i te tipu, te rehu i te wā tika, me te pupuri i te haumaru.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea hoki e au te āwhina i a koe ki te waihanga i tētahi momo tunu kai motuhake ake e hāngai ana ki te momo tipu e whakatipu ana koe (hei tauira, te kāpeti māti, te kūkamo, ngā tipu whakapaipai rānei) me te momo pepeke e whakaeke ana i tēnei wā, kia tika ake ai te horopeta me te wātaka rehu.
