Ngā Mātāpono Taketake mō te Hanga i tētahi Māra Putiputi
Ehara i te mea he kohinga tipu putiputi noa iho te māra putiputi i whakatōkia ki te kāinga. He wāhi noho e whakakotahi ana i te ataahua, te whakamarie, me te taurite i roto i tētahi pūnaha rauropi iti e karapoti ana i tētahi kāinga, i tētahi wāhi tūmatanui rānei. He ataahua te māra putiputi pai ki te titiro atu, he ngāwari ki te tiaki, he urutau ki ngā āhuatanga taiao o te rohe, ā, ka taea te whakaputa puawai puta noa i ngā wā. Hei whakatutuki i ēnei hua, he mea nui ngā mātāpono taketake mō te whakamahere me te whakatinanatanga. Ko ngā mātāpono matua e whai ake nei mō te hanga i tētahi māra putiputi, hei aratohu mai i ngā wāhanga tuatahi tae noa ki te tiaki.
1. Whakatauhia te kaupapa me te ariā o te māra
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te whakatau i te kaupapa o te māra putiputi. He mea hanga te māra hei whakapaipai i te mata o te whare, hei wāhi whakangā, hei ara hikoi, hei māra tapahi putiputi mō ngā oko, hei māra mātauranga rānei mā ngā tamariki? Ka pā te kaupapa ki te whiriwhiri i ngā momo putiputi, te āhua o ngā moenga, me ngā ratonga tautoko.
Kia mārama te whāinga, whakatauhia te ariā, te momo rānei o te māra. Ko ētahi o ngā momo noa ko: ngā māra tipua matomato, ngā māra hou me ngā rārangi ma, ngā māra koretake me ngā tae taiao, ngā māra tawhito rānei me ngā tauira ōrite. Ka āwhina te ariā ki te whakakotahi i ngā huānga o te tae, te teitei o te tipu, me ngā rauemi mārō pērā i ngā kōhatu takahi, ngā taiapa, ngā kohua rānei.
2. Kia mārama ki ngā āhuatanga o te wāhi: te māramatanga, te oneone, me te āhuarangi
Ko te kaupapa matua o ngā māra putiputi ko te whakarerekē i ngā tipu ki te wāhi, kaua e akiaki i te wāhi kia whai i ngā tipu. Nō reira, me mātaki noa i tēnei:
– Te Rā: Mātakitaki ki ngā wāhi e whiwhi ana i te rā katoa (6–8 hāora), te atarangi wāhanga, te atarangi rānei. He maha ngā putiputi, pērā i te zinnia, te marigold, me te bougainvillea, e pai ake ana ki te rā katoa, ko ngā impatiens, ko ngā begonias ia e pai ake ana ki te atarangi mārama.
– Āhua o te oneone: Tirohia te kakano me te kaha ki te mimiti. Ka pupuri te oneone uku rawa i te wai, ā, ka pirau pea ngā pakiaka, engari ka tere te mimiti o te oneone onepu. Ko te mea pai, me ngāwari te oneone, kia nui te matū rauropi, kaua hoki e nohoia e te wai.
– Te haumākū me te hau: Me whai tipu pakari, me ārai rānei i te hau i ngā wāhi haukū. Ka akiakihia te harore e ngā wāhi haukū, nō reira he mea nui te rere o te hau.
– Te āhuarangi o te rohe: Kōwhiria ngā tipu e tika ana mō te pāmahana me te ua o tō rohe. Ko ngā tipu o te rohe, arā, ko ērā kua taunga ki te tipu i te rohe, he pakari ake, he ngāwari ake hoki te tiaki.
3. Whakaritea te tahora me te rohe
He mārama te whakatakotoranga o tētahi māra putiputi whakamarie, ātaahua hoki. Ko ētahi mātāpono taketake mō te hoahoa i tētahi whakatakotoranga:
– Whakatauhia te pūwāhi arotahi: Hei tauira, he rākau iti, he whakapakoko māra, he kohua nui, he rōpū putiputi rānei he ātaahua ngā tae.
– Waihangahia he ara urunga: Mena he nui te māra, whakaritea he ara kia kore ai te oneone whakato e takahia e te tiaki.
– Te whakarōpū i ngā rohe i runga i ngā hiahia: Whakarōpūhia ngā tipu he rite te wai me te māramatanga o ā rātou hiahia kia pai ake ai te whakamakuku me te tiaki.
– Whakaarohia te ahunga tirohanga: Me whai whakaaro te whakatakotoranga o ngā tipu ki te tirohanga mai i te taupee, te matapihi, te tomokanga rānei. Me whakakī ngā wāhi e kitea nuitia ana ki ngā tipu e mau tonu ana te āhua.
4. Ngā mātāpono o te tito: te teitei, te tae, me te kakano
He nui te pānga o te ataahua o te māra putiputi ki tōna hanganga tirohanga. E toru ngā āhuatanga nui e whakamahia ana e ngā kaihoahoa māra:
a) Teitei me te paparanga
Whakaritea ngā tipu kia kitea katoatia, kia āhua paparua hoki te wāhi. Ko te tikanga, ka whakanohoia ngā tipu teitei ki muri (ki waenganui rānei mō ngā moenga moutere), ko ngā tipu rahi-waenga ki waenganui, ā, ko ngā tipu poto ki ngā taha. Mā te paparua ka āwhina i te taupoki i te oneone, ka ārai i te tupu ngāwari o ngā taru.
b) Tae me te ōritetanga
Ka taea te whiriwhiri i te tae mā te whakamahi i ngā huarahi maha:
– Kotahi te tae: He momo tae kotahi (hei tauira, papura) me ngā panonitanga mai i te mārama ki te pōuri.
– He rite: Ka hangaia he āhua mahana e ngā tae e tata ana (kōwhai–karaka–whero).
– Ngā Āpitihanga: Ka whakaratohia e ngā tae rerekē (papura–kōwhai) te rerekētanga kaha.
Hei karo i te "pukumahi rawa", whakawhāitihia te papatae tae matua, ka tāpirihia ngā tae kūpapa (mā, kakariki rau rānei) hei taurite.
c) Te āhua o te rau me te putiputi
Ehara i te mea ko ngā putiputi anake te mea e ātaahua ai te māra putiputi. Ko ngā rau he rerekē ngā kakano—he maeneene, he kanapa, he huruhuru, he nui rānei—ka noho tonu te māra hei mea whakamere ahakoa kāore ngā tipu katoa e puāwai ana. Whakakotahitia ngā āhua putiputi rerekē: he porowhita, he whaiti, he iti, he āhua tītaha rānei.
5. Kōwhiria ngā tipu ka taea te urutau, ka puāwai haere, ā, he ātete ki te mate.
Me whai whakaaro te kōwhiringa tipu ki ngā āhuatanga e toru: te pai o te wāhi, te wā pua, me te pakari. Hei whakatutuki i tētahi māra he roa ake ngā pua, whakamahia te mātāpono o te pua whakarōpū. Whakakotahitia ngā tipu he rerekē ngā wā pua me te pakari, pērā i ngā putiputi o te wā e pua wawe ana me ngā tipu ā-tau pumau ake.
Kōwhiria hoki ngā tipu he ātete ki ngā mate me ngā pepeke i tō taiao. Ko ngā tipu e "whakapaipaitia" rawatia ana ka uaua te tiaki, ā, me whakamahi ngā patu pepeke, me te tiaki nui rānei.
6. Te whakarite tika i te whenua
He maha ngā māra e hinga ana, ehara i te mea nā te whiriwhiringa o ngā putiputi, engari nā te koretake o te whakarite oneone. Hei tikanga whānui, whakaritea te oneone whakatipu i mua i te whakatō:
– Horoia ngā taru tae noa ki ngā pakiaka.
– Wetekina te oneone ki te hohonutanga o te ±20–30 cm.
– Whakaranua te wairākau, te hamuti kua pakeke, te humus rānei hei whakanui ake i te momona.
– Kia pai te rerenga wai; ki te tika, hiki ake ngā moenga, inā koa i ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te waipuke.
– Whakamahia he para (he maramara rakau, he wairākau kua pakeke, he kiri raihi rānei) hei pupuri i te makuku me te pehi i te tipu o ngā taru.
7. Tauira whakato tika me te tawhiti
Mā te whakato tata rawa ka whakataetae ngā tipu mō ngā matūkai, ā, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te harore nā te kore e pai te rere o te hau. I tetahi atu taha, mā te whakato iti rawa ka āhua "koretake" te māra, ā, ka tupu ngā taru. Whaia te tawhiti tika mō te momo tipu, kātahi ka whakakīia ngā āputa ki ngā tipu hipoki whenua, ki ngā putiputi iti, tere te tipu rānei.
Ko tētahi atu mātāpono whai hua ko te whakato papatipu. He ātaahua ake te titiro atu ki tētahi rōpū tipu ōrite i te whakato takitahi.
8. Pūnaha whakamakuku me te whakamomona whai hua
Me whai i tētahi tauira tiaki auau mō ngā māra putiputi, engari ka taea te whakapai ake i tōna whai huatanga:
– Te whakamakuku: Me mahi tēnei i te ata, i te ahiahi rānei. Kia aro ki ngā pakiaka, kaua e whakamakuku i te rau katoa, hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te mate. Ki te taea, whakamahia he whakamakuku maturuturu, he ngongo wai rānei.
– Te Whakatō: Tāpirihia te tongi rauropi i ngā wā katoa. Mō ngā tipu puāwai, he mea nui te whākawa me te pāhare pāporo, engari kaua e nui rawa te hauota, nā te mea ka hua ake he rau matomato, ā, ka iti noa ngā pua.
– Aroturukitanga: Tirohia ngā tipu ia wiki kia kitea ai ngā tohu tōmua o ngā pepeke, o te korenga rānei o ngā matūkai.
9. Te tiaki auau: te tapahi, te tango i ngā upoko kua mate, me te whakahaere taru kino
Ko te ataahua o te māra putiputi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tiaki auau. Me mahi i ēnei e whai ake nei:
– Te tango i ngā pua kua memenge: Tangohia ngā putiputi kua memenge hei akiaki i te pua hou.
– Te tapatapahi: Kutikutihia te tipu kia mau tonu tōna āhua, kia kore ai hoki e piri ngā manga tetahi ki tetahi.
– Te tango taru: Unuhia ngā taru i te wā e iti ana kia kore ai e mimiti i ngā matūkai me te wai.
– Te whakahaere pepeke whakauru: Whakamahia ngā tikanga ā-ringa (te kohi anuhe), ngā tipu ārai pepeke, ngā patu pepeke otaota rānei i ngā wā katoa e taea ai.
10. Te pupuri i te taurite i waenga i te ataahua me te oranga tonutanga
Ko te mātāpono whakamutunga ko te waihanga i tētahi māra putiputi e kore e ataahua anake engari he pumau hoki. Mā te whakato i ngā putiputi e pai ana ki ngā kaiwhakatupu pollinator, pērā i ngā putiputi mō ngā pūrerehua me ngā pī, ka āwhina i te pūnaha rauropi iti e karapoti ana i tō whare. Mā te whakaiti i te whakamahinga matū, te whakawairakau i ngā para o te kīhini, me te whiriwhiri i ngā tipu e ātete ana ki ngā āhuarangi o te rohe ka hua ake he māra hauora ake, ā, ka iti ake ngā utu tiaki.
Te Katinga
Ehara i te mahi kotahi te hanga i tētahi māra putiputi ātaahua, engari he mahi āta haere e hiahia ana kia whakatikatikaina tonutia. Mā te mārama ki te kaupapa, ki ngā āhuatanga o te wāhi, ki te hanganga tirohanga, ki te whiriwhiri tipu tika, me te tiaki auau, ka taea e koe te hanga i tētahi māra putiputi ehara i te mea he ataahua noa iho ki te titiro atu, engari he hauora hoki, he ngāwari hoki ki te tiaki. Ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei mātāpono taketake ki ngā māra iti o mua me ngā wāhi nui ake. Ina honoa te whakamahere tupato me te tiaki tonu, ka huri te māra putiputi hei wāhi oraora—he kanapa, he marino, ā, he harikoa i ia rā.
