Te Maimoatanga i Muri i te Kotinga o te Hua Mango
Ko te māngo (Mangifera indica) tētahi o ngā hua tino rongonui, tino kainga hoki o te ao. I Initonīhia, ehara i te mea ka kainga hou noa ngā māngo, engari ka tukatukahia hoki hei momo hua pēnei i te wai hua, te tiamu, me te tiamu. Hei whakarite kia noho pai tonu ngā māngo, kia pai ai hoki mō te kai i muri i te hauhake, me whai i ngā maimoatanga whai muri i te hauhake. Ehara i te mea ka roa ake te ora o te hua i ēnei maimoatanga, engari ka mau tonu hoki tōna kounga, tōna reka, tōna kakano, me tōna āhua. Ko ngā mahi e whai ake nei ko ngā mahi noa e mahia ana i roto i ngā maimoatanga māngo whai muri i te hauhake.
1. Te Kotinga Tika
He taahiraa tuatahi nui te hauhake. Me hauhake ngā māngo i te wā e tika ana te pakari, e whakatauhia ana e te tae kiri, te reka, me te kakano. Ki te hauhake wawe rawa, ki te tomuri rawa rānei ngā māngo, ka pāngia te kounga o te hua i te wā e rongoatia ana, e tohatohahia ana hoki.
2. Te Whakarōpūtanga me te Whakarōpūtanga
I muri i te hauhaketanga, me whakarōpū ngā māngo i runga i te rahi, te tae, me te kounga. Ka mahia te whakarōpūtanga hei tango i ngā māngo kua pakaru, kua hapa, kua kore rānei e rite ki te paerewa. Mā te whakarōpūtanga ka māmā ake te tukanga hokohoko, ā, ka āwhina hoki ki te whakatau i te utu hoko o te hua.
3. Te horoi
Me horoi ngā māngo kua hauhaketia kia tangohia te paru, ngā toenga patu pepeke, me ngā moroiti e piri ana ki te mata o te kiri. Ka taea te horoi mā te whakamahi i te wai ma me te iti o te hopi horoi, i te wai patu huakita rānei e haumaru ana mō te kai. I muri i te horoinga, me whakamaroke pai ngā māngo kia kore ai e tupu te harore, te huakita rānei i te wā e rongoatia ana.
4. Te rongoā ki ngā matū ārai harore
Hei whakaroa i te oranga o ngā māngo, ka taea te ruku, te rehu rānei i ngā māngo ki tētahi matū harore pērā i te Thiabendazole, i te Imazalil rānei. Ka taea e tēnei maimoatanga te āwhina ki te whakaiti i ngā mate urutā i muri i te kotinga pērā i te pirau hua i puta mai i te harore me te huakita.
5. Te Whakamahanga
He mea nui te takai tika hei pupuri i te kounga me te ma o ngā māngo i te wā e tohatohahia ana. Ko te tikanga ka tākaihia ngā māngo ki roto i ngā pouaka kātene kua pokaia, i ngā pouaka rakau rānei, kia taea ai te rere o te hau. Ka whakamahia hoki e ētahi kaihanga ngā rauemi takai auaha pērā i ngā kiriata kirihou uruhanga hei whakahaere i te tuku o te mamaoa wai me ngā hau, ka taea ai te whakaroa i te roa o te oranga o te hua.
6. Te penapena
Ko te penapena i ngā māngo ki te pāmahana me te haumākū tika te mea nui hei pupuri i te kounga o te hua. Ko te pāmahana tino pai mō te penapena i ngā māngo ko te 13-15 nekehanga Celsius, me te haumākū whanaunga o te 85-90%. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i te tere o te manawa o te hua me te mimiti wai, ka ārai i te tere o te pirau, te pirau rānei.
7. Ngā Tautuhinga Āhuarangi
Mā te whakahaere i te āhuarangi i te wā e rongoatia ana ka roa ake te ora o ngā māngo. Mā te whakaiti i ngā taumata hāora me te whakanui ake i ngā taumata hauhā waro huri noa i te hua, ka taea te pehi i te tere manawa o te hua. E mōhiotia ana tēnei tikanga ko te rokiroki āhuarangi whakahaere.
8. Tukunga me te Tohatoha
I te wā e tukuna ana, e tohatohahia ana hoki, me pupuri tonu ngā māngo i ngā pāmahana me te haumākū tino pai. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā ipu pouaka whakamātao hei kawe i ngā māngo i tawhiti, ahakoa mā te whenua, mā te moana, mā te rangi rānei. He mea nui te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga taiao i roto i te ipu kia noho pai ai ngā māngo kia tae atu rā anō ki ngā kaihoko.
9. Te Aroturuki me te Tirotiro
I te wā e rongoatia ana, e tohatohahia ana hoki, me whakahaere he aroturuki me he tirotiro auau hei kite i ngā tohu o te kino, o te hekenga rānei o te kounga o ngā māngo. Tērā pea kei roto i ēnei tirotiro ko te tirotiro ā-kanohi, te paunatia, me te whakamātautau i te hua mō ngā taumata huka me te waikawa. Me mahi tonu i ngā mahi ārai mēnā ka kitea he raruraru.
10. Te Whakahaere i mua i te Tohatoha ki ngā Kaihoko
I mua i te tohatohanga o ngā māngo ki ngā kaihoko whakamutunga, ka whakamahia e ētahi kaihanga ētahi atu maimoatanga, pērā i te whakakanapa i te hua hei whakapai ake i tōna āhua me te kukume i ngā kaihoko. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaputa ētahi i te pakari horihori mā te whakanoho i ngā māngo ki roto i tētahi rūma kei roto he hau ethylene hei tere ake i te tukanga pakari.
11. Hangarau Matatau i roto i te Maimoatanga Whai Muri i te Kotinga
Nā ngā whanaketanga o ngā hangarau matatau kua nui ngā panonitanga ki te tukatuka māngo i muri i te kotinga. Ko ētahi o ngā hangarau hou e whakamahia ana ko:
– Hangarau Tukatuka Nano: Te whakamahinga o ngā matūriki nano hei pani i te mata o ngā māngo hei tiaki i ngā hua mai i ngā whakaekenga a ngā moroiti me te whakaroa i te roa o te oranga.
– Hangarau Mahere: Te whakamahi i te mahere matihiko hei aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga o te taiao rokiroki i te wā tūturu, me te whakarato raraunga tika mō te whakatau kaupapa.
– Me te Pūoko Pēhanga: Te whakamahinga o ngā pūoko hei kite i te pēhanga rerekē ki runga i ngā hua i te wā e rongoa ana, e tuku ana hoki, ka tohu pea tēnei i te kino pea.
12. Mātauranga mō ngā Kaimahi Pāmu me ngā Kaipakihi
He mea nui te whakaako i ngā kaimahi pāmu me ngā rangatira pakihi mō ngā tikanga tika mō te whakahaere i muri i te kotinga. Mā te whakangungu me te whakamōhio atu ki ngā tikanga pai mō te kotinga, te tākai, me te rokiroki ka taea te whakapai ake i te kounga whānui me te uara mākete o ngā māngo. He maha ngā wā ka whakahaerehia e te kāwanatanga me ngā umanga e tika ana ngā kaupapa whakangungu hei tautoko i tēnei.
13. Te Tūranga o te Mekameka Tuku
He mea nui te mekameka tuku whai hua, whai kiko hoki, hei pupuri i te kounga o ngā māngo mai i te pāmu ki te kaihoko. Me mārama ngā hononga katoa o te mekameka, mai i ngā kaimahi pāmu me ngā kaikohi ki ngā kaituku me ngā kaihokohoko, ki te hiranga o te whakahaere tika, ā, me mahi tahi ki te whakatutuki i tēnei whāinga.
Whakamutunga
He maha ngā wāhanga o te tukatuka māngo i muri i te kotinga, me mahi āta, me te tika hoki. Kei roto i tēnei ko te kotinga tika, te whakarōpū, te horoi, me te maimoatanga matū ārai-harore, tae atu ki te takai me te rokiroki tika. He mea nui anō hoki te hangarau matatau me te mātauranga kaiahuwhenua ki te whakapai ake i te kounga me te roa o te wā e mau ana ngā māngo. Mā te whakatinana i te tukatuka tika i muri i te kotinga, e tumanakohia ana ka tae atu ngā māngo ki ngā kaihoko i roto i te āhua pai rawa atu, ka tino makona, ka whakapai ake hoki i te oranga o ngā kaipupuri pakihi ahuwhenua.
