Me pēhea te tiaki i ngā tipu durian kia tere ai te hua
E mōhiotia ana te durian ko te "kingi o ngā hua" nā tōna reka motuhake me tōna uara ōhanga nui. Heoi, he tokomaha ngā tāngata e whakato ana i ngā rākau durian, ā, e pouri ana nā te mea ka roa te wā e hua ai ngā rākau, ka taka ngā pua, ka kore rānei e pakari ngā hua. Heoi, ka tere ake te hua o te durian mēnā ka tīpakohia ngā purapura tika mai i te tīmatanga, ā, ka tiakina tika. E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga ngā mahi nui mō te tiaki i ngā tipu durian hei tere ake i tō rātou wā whakaputa uri (te pua me te hua), mai i te kōwhiringa purapura me te whakamomona ki te whakamakuku, te tapahi, me te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate.
1. Kōwhiria he Kākano Pai Rawa: Te Pūtake mō te Durian Hua Tere
Ko te mea nui mō te durian tere hua ko te whakamahi i ngā kākano mai i te whakatipu tipu, pērā i te pihinga, te tāpiri, te tāpiri rānei. Ko te tikanga he tere ake te hua o ngā kākano huawhenua i ngā kākano. Ka taea e ngā kākano mai i ngā kākano te tupu kaha, engari ka roa ake te hua, ā, ka rerekē pea ngā āhuatanga o te hua mai i te rākau matua.
Ngā āhuatanga o ngā kākano durian pai rawa atu:
– Nō tētahi momo mārama (hei tauira, Musang King, Bawor, Montong, Petruk, ētahi atu momo ā-rohe pai ake rānei).
– He tika te kakau, kāore he patunga, ā, he tino pai te hononga.
– Ko te teitei tino pai o te tipu he 60–100 cm te roa, ā, he rau matomato hou.
– Kāore ngā pakiaka i te piko rawa i roto i te putea maha, ā, kāore hoki i te pirau.
Mena ko te "tere hua" tō whāinga, whiriwhiria ngā kākano tipu ka tīmata te hua i te 3–5 tau te pakeke (i runga i te momo me te tiaki).
2. Whakaritea he wāhi whakato tika
Ngā mea e pai ana ki te durian:
– Te whiti o te rā katoa (iti rawa 6–8 hāora ia rā).
– He oneone pāpaku, hōhonu, ā, he nui ngā mea rauropi.
– Te pH o te oneone i te 5,5–6,5.
– He pai te rerenga wai (kāore i te paru).
Mena he ngāwari te oneone ki te waipuke, hangaia he pukepuke, whakatō rānei ki runga i ngā puke hei ārai i te waipuke o ngā pakiaka. He tino pāngia ngā pakiaka durian e te wai nui. Ka whakaroa te tipu o te rākau i ngā pakiaka kua taumaha, kua pirau rānei, ā, ka uaua te hua.
Ko te tawhiti whakato pai rawa atu he 8 x 8 mita, he 10 x 10 mita rānei, i runga i te momo me te momona o te oneone. Mā te tata rawa o te tawhiti ka ārai tetahi i tetahi i te marumaru, ka whakaiti i te hanganga o te pua.
3. Ngā Tikanga Whakatō Tika
Me whakarite ngā kōhao whakato i ngā wiki e 2–4 i mua i te whakato. Mēnā he mārō te oneone, ka taea te whakarite i te rahi o te kōhao kia 60 x 60 x 60 cm, kia nui ake rānei. Whakaranua te oneone kua keria ki:
– Parakiwai kua pakeke (10–20 kg mō ia poka),
– He kiri raihi kua tahuna, he onepu rānei mēnā he paru rawa te oneone,
– Te pata dolomite mēnā he waikawa rawa te pH (whakarerekētia kia rite ki ngā hiahia o te oneone).
I te wā e whakato ana, kaua e whakararuraru i ngā tipu:
– Tangohia marietia te putea kirihou kia kore ai e pakaru ngā pakiaka.
– Kaua te tūranga o te hononga hono e tanumia ki roto i te oneone.
– Tāutahia he pou (he tautoko) hei ārai i ngā kakau kei whati i te hau.
4. Te Whakamakuku: Taurite, Kaua e Nui rawa
I ngā wāhanga tōmua (0–1 tau), me whai haumākū pumau te durian kia tere ai te tipu. Whakainumia kia 2–3 ngā wā i te wiki, i runga rānei i ngā āhuatanga o te rangi. I ngā wā maroke roa, ka taea te whakanui ake i te whakainu.
Heoi, hei whakaoho i te pua o te durian, me whakahaere te whakamakuku. Ka pai ake te pua o te durian i muri i te wā "maroke" ngawari (te ahotea wai kua whakahaeretia) ā, muri iho ka whakamakuku anō. Ko te tikanga tēnei:
– Kia pakeke te rākau, ā, kia rite ki te hua, whakaitihia te whakamakuku mō tētahi wā (kaua e tukua kia memeha rawa).
– Whai muri i tēnā, me whakamakuku me te whakawairakau i ngā wā katoa hei tautoko i te pua.
Kia mōhio: Ko te ahotea wai ka pā ki ngā rākau hauora, kua pakari anake. Mō ngā tipu taitamariki, ka aukati te tauraki i te tipu.
5. Te Whakatōtika i te Hua hei Whakateretere i te Hua
He mea nui te whakatōnga hei whakatau i te tere o te hua o te durian. I te nuinga o te wā, i te wā tipu, me hiahia te durian ki te hauota (N) hei whakatipu i te rau me te kakau. Heoi, i te tata mai o te wā whakaputa uri, me whakanui ake te nui o te whākawa (P) me te pāhare pākawa (K) hei whakaoho i te pua me te whakapakari i ngā puku hua.
Tauira o te tauira whakamomona (whānui, me whakarite kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga o te oneone me te pakeke o te tipu):
1. Tau 0–1 tau: arotahi ki te tipu.
– Whakatō wairākau/kōmipara auau (hei tauira, 5–10 kg ia 2–3 marama).
– Te whāngai NPK taurite i roto i ngā horopeta iti engari i ia wā.
2. Tau 1–3 tau: te hanganga o te karauna me ngā pakiaka kaha.
– Tāpirihia te NPK me te whakanui haere i ngā horopeta.
– Whakaratohia he tongi rauropi me te mulch hei pupuri i ngā moroiti o te oneone.
3. Tau kua rite ki te puāwai (3 tau me te neke atu i runga i te momo):
– Whakaitihia te nui rawa o te hauota.
– Whakanuia te P me te K (hei tauira, te tongi whai PK) hei whakaoho i te pua me te hua.
– Tāpirihia ngā huānga moroiti pēnei i te boron me te konupora mēnā e tika ana.
Tikanga tono pai:
– Hangaia he awa porowhita i raro i te tihi o te karauna (te taha o te tuanui), nā te mea he maha ngā pakiaka mimiti kei taua wāhi.
Kaua e ruia te tongi tata rawa ki te kakau.
– I muri i te whakatō, whakainumia kia memeha ngā matūkai, kia kore ai e "tahu" ngā pakiaka.
Mō ngā hua tika ake, whakahaerehia he tātaritanga oneone, tirohia rānei ngā tohu o te rau. Ko te tae o ngā rau mā ki te tae parauri he tohu pea kei te kore he hauota, he matūkai rānei, ko te tae kōwhai o ngā rau tawhito me ngā uaua kakariki he tohu pea kei te kore he konupora.
6. Te Tapahi hei Hanga i ngā Pane Hua
Mā te tapahi ka huri te kaha o te tipu, ka pai ake te rere o te hau me te uru o te mārama. Ka ngawari ake te pāngia e te harore i ngā durian kua nui rawa te tipu, kua makuku hoki, ā, he maha ngā wā kāore i te tino pai te pua.
Ngā taahiraa tapahi:
– Tapatapahia ngā manga e tupu ana ki roto, e taupatupatu ana, e piri rawa ana rānei tetahi ki tetahi.
– Tangohia ngā wana wai nui e puta ana i runga i ngā kākano/manga nunui.
– Hangaia he anga karauna me ngā peka matua kaha e 3–5.
Me tapahi i te wā kāore i te tino mākū te rangi hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te pangia e te patunga. Mēnā e tika ana, rongoāhia ngā patunga nunui ki te rongoā patu harore, ki te takai patunga rānei.
7. Te Whakahaere Taru me te Whakatō Parai
Ka whakataetae ngā taru ki te durian mō te wai me ngā matūkai. Whakawāteahia te rohe huri noa i te kōpae whakato (he radius 1–2 mita te roa, i runga i te pakeke). Muri iho, pania he paparanga pēnei i:
– te kakau witi,
- rau maroke,
– kiri,
– te wairākau haurua-pakaru.
Ka pupuri te paru i te makuku o te oneone, ka whakamatao i ngā pakiaka, ā, ka tāpirihia he mea rauropi i a ia e pirau ana. Ka whakatairangahia e te oneone hauora, momona i te rauropi te tipu tere me te pumau o te durian, ka tere ake te pua.
8. Te Whakahaere i ngā Pepeke me ngā Mate e Ārai ana i te Hua
Ko tētahi wāhanga nui o te tere o te hua ko te pupuri i ngā rākau hauora. Ko ētahi o ngā raruraru noa e pā ana ki te durian ko:
– Te pirau pakiaka/Phytophthora: i te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai i te oneone mākū, te koretake o te waikeri, te whara rānei o ngā pakiaka.
– Te mate pukupuku o te kakau me te harore: ka whakararuraru i te rere o ngā matūkai.
– Ngā kaikōroke kākano/manga: ka ngoikore ai ngā tipu, ka whati hoki.
– Ngā anuhe rau/kutu: ka whakaiti i te kaha o te whakaahua.
Te ārai whai hua:
– Kia pai te rerenga wai, kaua hoki e tukua te wai kia noho pūmau.
– Tapatapahia ngā wāhanga e pāngia ana, ka whakangaromia kia kore ai e horapa.
– Whakamahia ngā patu pepeke/patu harore i runga i te whakaaro nui kia rite ki ō hiahia (kaua e nui rawa).
– Whakapai ake i te hauora o te oneone mā te whakamahi i ngā maniua rauropi me ngā matū koiora mēnā e wātea ana.
Ko ngā tipu e pāngia ana e te ahotea i te nuinga o te wā e te mate ana, ka whakaroa i te wā whakaputa uri, ā, ka roa ake te wā e hua ai.
9. Whakaohokia te Puāwaitanga mā te Whakahaere Matūkai me te Wai
Kia tae te durian ki te rahi me te pakeke e tika ana, ka taea te mahi i ngā mahi hei tere ake i te hua mā te whakahaere i te "aukati" tipu me te whakaputa uri:
– Whakaititia ngā maniua hauota nui e whakaoho ana i te tupu tonu o ngā rau.
– Whakanuia te tongi hei tautoko i te hanganga o te pua (P me te K).
– Whakamātauria te wai mātotoru mā te whakaiti i te ahotea, ā, muri iho ka whakamakuku me te whakawairakau.
– Kia tino mārama te tipu mā te tapahi.
Heoi, kia maumahara: mā te akiaki i te tipu kia puāwai i te wā kāore anō kia rite (kāore i te kaha ngā pakiaka, kāore i te rahi te karauna) ka taka ngā putiputi, ka iti ngā hua, ka ngoikore rānei te tipu.
10. Tiaki i te wā e puāwai ana, e hua ana hoki, kia hua ai ngā hua
Ina tīmata te puāwai o te durian, me tino tupato, nā te mea ka ngawari te hinga o ngā pua me te ngaro o ngā hua taitamariki i tēnei wāhanga. Anei ētahi tohutohu nui:
– Kia mau tonu te pumau o te wai: kaua e tukua kia maroke rawa, kātahi ka waipuke ohorere.
– Kaua e tāpirihia he nui te hauota ina puta mai ngā pua.
– Ārai i ngā pepeke putiputi me ngā mate harore, inā koa i te wā makuku.
– Ki te mea he nui rawa ngā putiputi i runga i te rākau taitamariki, whakawhāitihia kia kore ai te tipu e "rawa rawa" kia pai ai te tupu o ngā hua.
Mō ngā rākau e tīmata ana te hua, he pai ake te whakawhāiti i te maha o ngā hua kia pai tonu ai te tipu o te rākau, kia piki ake ai hoki te hua i te tau e whai ake nei.
Whakamutunga
Ko te tiaki i ngā rākau durian kia tere te hua, ehara i te mea ko te whakatōtika i te nui o te purapura anake, engari ko te whakakotahitanga o ngā purapura pai, te oneone e tika ana, te rerenga wai pai, te whakainu ine, te whakatōtika taurite, te tapahi tika, me te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate. Mēnā ka whakatinanahia ēnei āhuatanga katoa, ka taea e ngā durian kua whakatipuria mā te tipu (kua tāpirihia/kua tāpirihia) te tīmata ki te hua i roto i ētahi tau, me te kounga hua pai ake me te rākau hauora.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea hoki e au te hanga i tētahi kaupapa whakamomona durian mō ia tau (0–5 tau) me tētahi aratohu motuhake rānei i runga i te momo durian me ngā āhuatanga o tō whenua (whenua papaku/whenua teitei, momo oneone, wā o te rohe).
